Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K H Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to K H Cooper.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Age- and sex-based nomograms from coronary artery calcium scores as determined by electron beam computed tomography.

We present data for 18,785 patients undergoing electron beam computed tomography, dividing them by sex and age (using 5-year age increments) to determine coronary artery calcium scores representing the 50th and 75th percentiles for each group. Because risk stratification is an integral part of determining therapies for coronary artery disease, age- and sex-based scores may be more clinically useful than total coronary artery calcium scores alone.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Maximal exercise test as a predictor of risk for mortality from coronary heart disease in asymptomatic men.

Exercise testing in asymptomatic persons has been criticized for failing to accurately predict those at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Previous studies on asymptomatic subjects, however, may not have been large enough or long enough to provide reliable outcome measures. This study examines the ability of a maximal exercise test to predict death from CHD and death from any cause in a population of asymptomatic men. This is a prospective longitudinal study performed between 1970 and 1989, with an average follow-up of 8.4 years. The subjects are 25,927 healthy men, 20 to 82 years of age at baseline (mean 42.9 years) who were free of cardiovascular disease and who were evaluated in a preventive medicine clinic. The main outcome measures are CHD mortality and all-cause mortality. During follow-up there were 612 deaths from all causes and 158 deaths from CHD. The sensitivity of an abnormal exercise test to predict coronary death was 61%. The age-adjusted relative risk of an abnormal exercise test for CHD death was 21 (6.9 to 63.3) in those with no risk factors, 27 (10.7 to 68.8) in those with 1 risk factor, 54 (21.5 to 133.7) in those with 2 risk factors, and 80 (30.0 to 212. 5) in those with >/=3 factors. A maximal exercise test performed in asymptomatic men free of cardiovascular disease does appear to be a worthwhile tool in predicting future risk of CHD death. An abnormal exercise test is a more powerful predictor of risk in those with than without conventional risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women.

We studied physical fitness and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 10,224 men and 3120 women who were given a preventive medical examination. Physical fitness was measured by a maximal treadmill exercise test. Average follow-up was slightly more than 8 years, for a total of 110,482 person-years of observation. There were 240 deaths in men and 43 deaths in women. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates declined across physical fitness quintiles from 64.0 per 10,000 person-years in the least-fit men to 18.6 per 10,000 person-years in the most-fit men (slope, -4.5). Corresponding values for women were 39.5 per 10,000 person-years to 8.5 per 10,000 person-years (slope, -5.5). These trends remained after statistical adjustment for age, smoking habit, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, parental history of coronary heart disease, and follow-up interval. Lower mortality rates in higher fitness categories also were seen for cardiovascular disease and cancer of combined sites. Attributable risk estimates for all-cause mortality indicated that low physical fitness was an important risk factor in both men and women. Higher levels of physical fitness appear to delay all-cause mortality primarily due to lowered rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Role of aerobic exercise in reduction of stress.

During the past several years, excessive stress has come to be recognized as a threat not only to quality but also to length of life. There is increasing evidence that the emotionally distressed individual may have an increased susceptibility to a number of pathologic conditions. Physical activity, in the form of aerobic exercise, is a very fruitful means for coping with stress. The popular forms of aerobic activities that are most often pursued in order to help general cardiovascular condition may, in effect, improve the mental health of the individual. There are no guarantees that if you follow these recommendations you will live longer. However, the life you live will be healthier, happier, more productive, and less stressful.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1984

Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women.

We measured physical fitness, assessed by maximal treadmill testing in 4,820 men and 1,219 women aged 20 to 65 years. Participants had no history of cardiovascular disease and were normotensive at baseline. We followed up these persons for one to 12 years (median, four years) for the development of hypertension. Multiple logistic risk analysis was used to estimate the independent contribution of physical fitness to risk of becoming hypertensive. After adjustment for sex, age, follow-up interval, baseline blood pressure, and baseline body-mass index, persons with low levels of physical fitness (72% of the group) had a relative risk of 1.52 for the development of hypertension when compared with highly fit persons. Risk of hypertension developing also increased substantially with increased baseline blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes in coronary heart disease risk factors associated with increased treadmill time in 753 men.

Associations between changes in treadmill time and changes in coronary heart disease risk factors were studied in 753 middle-aged men seen between 1978-1981 at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. Men were free of known disease at baseline. Significant increases (p less than 0.01) in exercise habits and treadmill time were seen over the course of the study; average follow-up was 1.6 years. In bivariate analyses, increases in treadmill time and weight loss were associated with improvements (p less than 0.01) in risk factors. Multiple regression models were calculated for several risk factors with age, length of follow-up, change in weight, and change in treadmill time as independent variables. After controlling for confounding, increase in treadmill time was independently associated with decreases in the total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (p less than 0.01) and serum uric acid (p less than 0.05). High density lipoprotein-cholesterol rose with increase in treadmill time (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Association between coronary heart disease risk factors and physical fitness in healthy adult women.

We examined associations between physical fitness and risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy women ages 18-65 years. Physical fitness was objectively determined by the duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Six physical fitness categories (very poor to superior), specific within 10-year age increments, were established. Mean risk factor levels varied across categories, but so did potential confounders such as age and weight. Multiple linear regression modeling was used to control for the effects of age, weight and year of exam on coronary risk factors. After adjustment, physical fitness was independently associated with triglycerides (p less than 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p less than or equal to 0.001), total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (p less than or equal to 0.001), blood pressure (p less than or equal to 0.001) and cigarette smoking (p less than or equal to 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Physical training programs for mass scale use: effects on cardiovascular disease--facts and theories.

A significant increase in the numbers of Americans exercising during the 1970's has occurred, stimulated by an increased desire to improve the quality and, hopefully, the quantity of life. Fitness improvement is associated with an increase in HDL-cholesterol and a reduction in blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid and with weight loss and decrease in percent body fat. Correlations of risk factor changes with weight loss are greater than correlations with fitness improvement. After controlling for weight loss correlation of triglycerides and uric acid and percent body fat fitness improvement remains significant. Risk factor reduction has been shown to occur with fitness improvement without weight loss and with weight loss unaccompanied by fitness change, but the largest risk factor changes occur in the presence of both weight loss and fitness improvement. The aerobics exercise program concentrates on developing cardiorespiratory fitness first and musculoskeletal strength secondarily. Various physical activities can be quantified by means of a point system based on the intensity and duration of the activity. A fitness goal of 30 points per week for men and 24 points per week for women is reasonable and achievable by nearly all, regardless of age or sex. The most beneficial effect of exercise may be a biochemical mediated feeling of well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The acute cardiac risk of strenuous exercise.

During a 65-month period, 2,935 adults (mean age, 37 years) kept computer logs of amount and intensity of exercise performed. A total of 374,798 person-hours of exercise, including 2,726,272 km or running and walking, was recorded. Two cardiac events and no deaths occurred during this period. Considered in age-specific categories, the maximum risk estimates (MREs) consistent with these data (upper 95% confidence limits) range from 0.3 to 2.7 events per 10,000 person-hours of exercise for men and 0.6 to 6.0 events per 10,000 person-hours for women. The MREs for women were higher because there were fewer women in the study. If exercise were performed three time per week for 30 minutes per session for a year, these results would lead to MREs from .002 to .027 events per person-year for men and .005 to .05 events per person-year for women. Actual risks are likely to be lower.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Dentist, "heal thyself": modification of life style.

In the late 1960's, preventive health care began to gain in popularity in the United States and the movement carried over into the 1970's. During this time, sizable decreases in deaths from heart disease, strokes, and accidents have been noted. As a result, the lowest death rate in the history of this country (8.9 per 1000) occurred in both 1975 and 1976. Since 1970, an increase in longevity has been documented and it can be said that Americans are living longer--not just longer but hopefully better! People are beginning to learn that "it is not so much that we die, we kill ourselves!" With proper weight, diet, and exercise, avoiding tobacco, early detection and treatment of high blood pressure, use of seat belts, and control of stimulants and drugs, thousands of lives are being saved annually. In today's busy and demanding society, success in any field requires more than just education and hard work. It requires good health, both mental and physical. Pursue these goals vigorously and remember, "It is always cheaper and much easier to maintain good health than it is to regain it once it is lost!"

Cardiovascular Diseases↗