Tufted angioma: is it the same as angioblastoma (Nakagawa)?
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Biomedical subjects
K H Cho
Publications and source records attributed to K H Cho.
Amputation stump neuroma: ultrasound features.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amputation Stumps↗
Human oral buccal mucosa reconstructed on dermal substrates: a model for oral epithelial differentiation.
To develop a model for the study of oral epithelial differentiation, we reconstructed artificial buccal mucosa equivalents using keratinocytes and fibroblasts or de-epidermized dermis derived from non-cornifying buccal mucosa. The buccal mucosa equivalents reconstructed in this way showed a morphology closely mimicking that of their in vivo counterparts. There was no formation of horny layers and granular layers. The expression of various differentiation markers such as K13, involucrin and loricrin was consistent with that of the in vivo state, and indicative of the hyperproliferative state. We also demonstrated that the differentiation of oral epithelial cells was influenced by the de-epidermized dermis and subepithelial fibroblasts. The epidermis of buccal mucosa equivalents seemed to be less sensitive to retinoic acid than that of the skin. The effects of calcipotriol on the buccal mucosa equivalent and the skin epidermis were different. These results suggest that the pharmacological effects of retinoic acid and calcipotriol on the buccal mucosa are different from those on the skin. A useful model system for studies of oral keratinocyte differentiation and pharmacological research could be based on these artificial buccal mucosa equivalents.
Calcitriol↗
Regulations of collagen synthesis by ascorbic acid, transforming growth factor-beta and interferon-gamma in human dermal fibroblasts cultured in three-dimensional collagen gel are photoaging- and aging-independent.
Decreased collagen synthesis and loss of responsiveness to growth factors are well known phenomena in in vivo or in vitro aged cells. Ascorbic acid and some cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta and interferon-gamma are important regulators of collagen synthesis. To investigate the responsiveness of fibroblasts with regard to the photoaging and aging process, we examined the effect of ascorbic acid, TGF-beta, and IFN-gamma on collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblasts from three newborn foreskins (1 day old) and in both exposed and unexposed skin fibroblasts from 4 old individuals (60-76 years old) cultured in monolayer and in collagen gel. We demonstrated that basal levels of collagen synthesis decreased with increasing age. Photoaged fibroblasts in collagen gel showed greater basal collagen synthesis than aged fibroblasts in the same individuals, but similar basal collagen synthesis in monolayer cultures. Even though basal levels of collagen synthesis in collagen gel are downregulated in a photoaging- and aging-dependent manner, collagen synthesis by ascorbic acid in collagen gel, and by TGF-beta and IFN-gamma in both monolayer culture and collagen gel were regulated in a photoaging- and aging-independent manner. In monolayer culture, however, the responsiveness to ascorbic acid in newborn fibroblasts was greater than in photoaged and aged fibroblasts. Our results suggest that there are differences in collagen synthesis between photoaged and aged cells, depending on culture conditions. Responsiveness to ascorbic acid, TGF-beta and IFN-gamma related to collagen synthesis in photoaged and aged fibroblasts in collagen gel appears to be the same as in newborn fibroblasts, even though basal levels of collagen synthesis are downregulated in a photoaging- or aging-dependent manner.
Aged↗
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in childhood--a case mimicking chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is rarely reported in childhood, but we now describe a 6-year-old Korean girl with the condition. She presented with multiple tense bullae annularly distributed on the perioral, periorbital and genital areas, and was successfully treated with dapsone. The clinical and histological features were similar to those of chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood. We review seven previously reported childhood EBA cases and contrast their features with those of adult EBA. We suggest that some childhood EBA is different from the adult form and shares features with chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood.
Adult↗
Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor showing distant metastases.
We describe a case of malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor showing multiple distant metastases. For 10 years, the patient had had a round mass in the occiput, which recurred twice after wide excisions, and later metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes, periparotid area, and chest. Each time the lesions were excised, histologic specimens demonstrated a proliferating trichilemmal tumor with increasing nuclear atypia. Serial specimens showed increasing Ki-67 positivity as the extent of the tumor advanced.
Adult↗
Primary cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis treated with photochemotherapy.
A 23-year-old man with Langerhans cell histiocytosis presented with asymptomatic, purplish, slightly scaly, confluent papules of one year's duration. Histological studies of biopsy specimens revealed a dense infiltrate of histiocytic mononuclear cells beneath the epidermis; these cells reacted strongly with anti-S-100 antibodies. Extensive investigations failed to detect systemic involvement. He was treated with repeated oral 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy three times a week for two months and then once or twice with maintenance phototherapy. The lesions did not recur during the four-month follow-up period.
Administration, Oral↗
Inflammatory nodules of the lower legs: a clinical and histological analysis of 134 cases in Korea.
We analysed 134 Korean cases with inflammatory nodules of the lower legs on the basis of clinicopathological findings, responsiveness to various therapeutic agents, and clinical course. There were 53 cases of erythema induratum (EI), 18 of erythema nodosum (EN), 40 of EN-like lesions of Behcet's disease, 15 of other entities, including superficial migratory thrombophlebitis, cutaneous periarteritis nodosa, sarcoidosis, malignant lymphoma, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and parasitosis, and eight unclassified cases. The unclassified group was composed of a spectrum of diseases with clinicopathologic features ranging between those typical of EN and EI. The present study revealed that the profiles of diseases featuring inflammatory nodules of the lower legs in Korea differed from those found in other areas. These geographic and demographic differences should be kept in mind when managing a patient with inflammatory nodules of the lower legs.
Adolescent↗
Lichen myxoedematosus with rapid spontaneous regression.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Tissue culture model of Krabbe's disease: psychosine cytotoxicity in rat oligodendrocyte culture.
Krabbe's disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) is a progressive cerebral degenerative disease of infancy characterized by severe myelin loss and the presence of globoid bodies in the white matter. Previous studies have suggested that psychosine is the causative agent for the pathogenesis of Krabbe's disease. In the present study, we investigated psychosine-induced injury and cell death of oligodendrocytes in enriched cultures of oligodendrocytes prepared from 3-week-old rat brain. The psychosine concentration sufficient to induce 50% cell death in oligodendrocytes was 30 micrograms/ml in the medium containing serum and 10 micrograms/ml in the serum-free medium. When oligodendrocytes were exposed to psychosine in the presence of phorbol esters, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), demethylsulfoxide, or serum albumin, the survival of oligodendrocytes was greatly increased. These results indicate that psychosine cytotoxicity against oligodendrocytes is blocked by phorbol esters, insulin, and IGF-I through activation of protein kinase-C, by dimethylsulfoxide through activation of beta-galactosidase, and by albumin through its binding to psychosine.
Albumins↗
Development of erythema nodosum in the course of oestrogen replacement therapy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Drug Eruptions↗
Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative eruption with progression to large granular lymphocytic leukaemia.
A 12-year-old Korean girl gave a 9-year history of recurrent necrotizing papules and vesicles on the face, scalp and extremities. Skin biopsy specimens showed an atypical lymphoreticular infiltrate with vasculitis in the dermis and subcutis. In situ hybridization demonstrated latent infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) of the lymphoid cells in the dermis. The disease was diagnosed as an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative skin eruption presenting as recurrent necrotic papulovesicles. The patient subsequently developed large granular lymphocytic leukaemia of natural killer cell origin. Our observations suggest that a patient with an EBV-associated lymphoproliferative skin eruption presenting with recurrent necrotic papulovesicles might progress to develop leukaemia as well as lymphoma.
Child↗
Neutrophilic dermatoses associated with myeloid malignancy.
The neutrophilic dermatoses are significantly associated with myeloid malignancies. We now describe the clinical and histological features of 11 patients with these disorders, namely Sweet's syndrome in three cases, pyoderma gangrenosum in two, and neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in one; there were also five others which could not be categorised as recognised entities. Our observations, as well as those from a review of the literature, support the hypothesis that in the neutrophilic dermatoses associated with myeloid malignancy, a common mechanism may be involved.
Adult↗
Brain metastases. Histology, multiplicity, surgery, and survival.
BACKGROUND: With the advent of new therapies for metastatic carcinoma to the brain, patterns of intracranial disease and factors influencing survival become important considerations when examining potential treatment options. METHODS: The records of 729 patients with metastases to the brain treated during the period between 1973 to 1993 were reviewed. RESULTS: Primary tumor histologic type in order of descending frequency included nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), breast carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal carcinoma, uterine/vulvar carcinoma, and unknown primary carcinoma. There were 384 patients (53%) with a single brain metastasis, which was encountered most commonly in patients with prostate carcinoma and least often in patients with SCLC. Multiple metastases were present in 345 patients (47%). The median duration from diagnosis to presentation with a brain metastasis was 12 months, ranging from 3 months for patients with NSCLC to 53 months for patients with breast carcinoma. The median duration from presentation with brain metastases to death was 4 months, ranging from 3 months for patients with SCLC to 13 months for patients with prostate carcinoma. Median survival from presentation with brain metastases to death was 5 months for patients with single lesions and 3 months for patients with multifocal disease (P = 0.0001). Median survival for patients with a single lesion was 11 months with surgery and 3 months without surgery (P = 0.0001). Surgery did not significantly influence survival in patients with multiple metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Dissemination of systemic carcinoma to the brain continues to carry a poor prognosis. Knowledge of the metastatic patterns and limited survival associated with specific tumor types may be useful for guiding future therapeutic intervention.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Taurine intake of Korean breast-fed infants during lactation.
i. Taurine concentrations of human milk of nonvegetarians and lacto-ovovegetarians decreased significantly during the course of lactation. Taurine concentrations in lacto-ovovegetarians after 90 days postpartum were lower than those of nonvegetarians. Taurine concentrations of human milk by 150 days postpartum were: nonvegetarian 248-434 nmol/ml (31.0-54.4 mg/L); lacto-ovovegetarian 153-418 nmol/ml (19.1-52.3 mg/L). ii. Taurine intakes in infants of lacto-ovovegetarians decreased significantly during lactation, unlike from the pattern in infants of nonvegetarians. Taurine intakes in infants of lacto-ovovegetarians at 90, 120 and 150 days postpartum were lower, compared with those in nonvegetarians. Taurine intakes in infants by 150 days postpartum were: Infants of nonvegetarians 169-229 mumol/day (21.1-28.6 mg/day); Infants of lacto-ovovegetarians 106-210 mumol/day (21.1-28.6 mg/day). iii. This study showed that the taurine concentration in human milk and the taurine intake of infants were different during lactation between nonvegetarians and lacto-ovovegetarians, and that the intake per kg body weight decreased during lactation. Results suggest that the differences observed might be due to the effect of consumption of different types of food.
Breast Feeding↗
Stereotactic radiosurgery in pediatric patients.
Although stereotactic radiosurgery has been studied extensively in adults, the data demonstrating its efficacy in children is limited. Medical records were reviewed to identify the indications for and outcomes of patients treated with this modality. Linear accelerator-based radiosurgery was used to treat 11 recurrent brain tumors and one posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation over 3 years. The mean and median age of those treated was 10 and 8 years, respectively (range 1-20 years). Patients received 700 to 3,000 cGy delivered to the 50-90% isodose line in a single fraction. The mean and median follow-up was 15 and 17 months, respectively. Three of the four children with malignant disease died 6 to 9 months after treatment. One patient died of recurrence outside the treatment field. Another child died of complications related to radiation injury, and the third died of disease progression. All children with low-grade tumors remain alive without complications. Six of eight (75%) children exhibit substantial radiographic reductions in tumor size. The child with a vascular malformation has been followed for 26 months, without hemorrhage and with a radiographically proved decrease in size. Our series suggests that radiosurgery has limited usefulness in malignant disease. Therapeutic response is influenced by lesion size and/or location. Stereotactic radiosurgery appears to be effective in children with low-grade intracranial tumors or arteriovenous malformations. Further experience is required to establish the role and long term side effects of radiosurgery in pediatric patients.
Adolescent↗
Nonextraction treatment of a Class II Division 1 malocclusion.
A case report is presented of a Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with a considerable amount of maxillary arch length deficiency and a significant anterior posterior discrepancy. The patient was treated without extraction to the standards of the American Board of Orthodontics. [This case was presented to the American Board of Orthodontics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the certification process conducted by the Board.]
Adolescent↗
Change of glutathione S-transferases in the skin by ultraviolet B irradiation.
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) may play an important role in protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). However, the study on the response of GST to UVR is limited at present. We have examined the effects of a single exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on GST in cultured human keratinocytes and the epidermis of SKH/hr-1 hairless mice. We have also investigated the changes of skin GST by chronic irradiation of UVB on the hairless mice. Significant decreases in GST activities in vitro and in vivo were observed at 24 h after 30 and 50 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation. Chronic UVB exposure also caused decrease in GST activities of the skin tissue. However, any changes in mRNA expression or protein amount of GST have not been observed by Northern blot analysis and Western blot analysis after 30 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation in cultured human keratinocytes, which suggests that mRNA expression and protein amount of GST are not affected by UVB. These results suggest that UVB irradiation results in inhibitory effect on GST activity in the skin.
Animals↗