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Biomedical subjects

K H Calhoun

Publications and source records attributed to K H Calhoun.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

CT evaluation of the paranasal sinuses in symptomatic and asymptomatic populations.

The frequency of concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate, and septal deviation on coronal computed tomographic scans evaluating sinus disease is known, but the incidence in normal subjects is unknown. We compared 100 consecutive scans performed for evaluation of sinus disease with 82 consecutive scans performed for evaluation of orbital pathology. Patients with sinus disease had significantly more frequent findings of disease in the osteomeatal complex and all sinuses. Concha bullosa was more common in patients with sinus disease (p less than 0.05), as was septal deviation (p less than 0.01). Paradoxical turbinate was equally common. Concha bullosa was associated with anterior ethmoid disease (p less than 0.04). Septal deviation was associated with osteomeatal complex disease (p less than 0.01) and with anterior (p less than 0.04) and posterior (p less than 0.04) ethmoid disease. Paradoxical turbinate was not associated with sinus abnormalities. These data imply a possible causal relationship between concha bullosa or septal deviation and sinus disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Multidisciplinary treatment of facial skin cancer.

Skin cancer incidence is increasing rapidly. We outline the indications for and advantages of diagnostic techniques and treatments, including curettage and electrodesiccation, surgical excision, Mohs' micrographic surgery, cryosurgery, radiation therapy, interferon injection, and photodynamic therapy. We describe our interdisciplinary treatment protocol for skin cancer treatment and emphasize avoidance of the sun and early treatment of photodamaged skin. This treatment includes oral retinoids, topical tretinoin (Retin-A), 5 fluorouracil, and chemical peels performed with trichloroacetic acid or phenol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The resident selection process in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.

This study was undertaken to characterize the objective information available about applicants to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residency positions, and to determine the influence of these factors on obtaining a residency position. Applicants to the otolaryngology-head and neck surgery programs at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, and University of Louisville (Ky) were studied. Thirty-one variables were examined, representing demographic and academic factors. Excellent academic performance in medical school (as represented by medical school grade-point average greater than 3.4, National Board part I score greater than 650, class percentile rank greater than 85th percentile, honors grades in both junior medicine and surgery clinical clerkships, or [5] election to Alpha Omega Alpha) was significantly correlated with success in obtaining an otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residency position.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Surgical anatomy of the lateral nasal wall.

Both the success and safety of intranasal functional endoscopic sinus surgery depend on the surgeon's knowledge of nasal and sinus anatomy, especially the lateral nasal wall. The purpose of this study was to determine measurements and angles between lateral nasal wall landmarks. Linear and angular measurements were made to determine the mean and range distances between selected structures. The results provide a guide for the surgeon.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Normal nasal airway resistance in noses of different sizes and shapes.

Measurement of nasal airway resistance is becoming a common clinical technique. Accurate definition of the normal range of airflow is critical for maximal usefulness of this technique. Since typical nasal size and shape vary greatly with ethnic background, different norms for different ethnic groups may be appropriate. Nasal airway flow and resistance and external nasal size and shape were measured in 130 asymptomatic subjects (52 black, 56 white, and 22 Hispanic). Nasal length, width, columellar length, and nasolabial angle were similar for whites and Hispanics, but both groups differed significantly from blacks--even when changes attributable to biologic aging were factored out. In spite of these differences, there was no significant difference in any nasal airflow or resistance parameter among groups, suggesting that currently used airflow and resistance standards are valid for these three different ethnic groups.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1989

Vitamins A and E do protect against oral carcinoma.

Tumorigenesis requires accelerated polyamine biosynthesis, and elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in this reaction chain. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether induction of oral cavity carcinoma by dimethylbenzanthracene was accompanied by increased ornithine decarboxylase. It has previously been demonstrated in an oral carcinogenesis model that cotreatment with vitamins A or E delayed tumor development. The second goal of this study was to determine whether this chemoprotective effect was associated with a decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity. We found that dimethylbenzanthracene did stimulate ornithine decarboxylase. Vitamins A and E alone also stimulate ornithine decarboxylase, and this effect is additive with dimethylbenzanthracene. Use of both vitamins together prevents the additive effect of either, alone, and vitamin A inhibits the late-phase ornithine decarboxylase response to dimethylbenzanthracene in all animals. We conclude that pretreatment with vitamins A, or A and E together protects against the carcinogenic action of dimethylbenzanthracene, and that the mechanism of this protection is early truncation of the ornithine decarboxylase response to dimethylbenzanthracene.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1989

Behavioral prescription writing in smoking cessation counseling: a new use for a familiar tool.

Tobacco use, a self-inflicted epidemic, causes more than 390,000 deaths in the United States each year. Smoking is a habit perpetuated by both physiologic and psychosocial mechanisms. Physician use of behavioral prescriptions is a practical, familiar, and efficient method for achieving smoking cessation. Physicians should ask patients if they want to quit smoking, take a smoking history, motivate patients to quit by personalizing risks, set a quit date, and then follow the behavioral prescription. Behavioral prescription involves writing prescriptions based on a plan that leads the patient through five successive weeks of behavioral modification, culminating in complete cessation of cigarette use. Physician time involved is minimal, since the approach requires only two meetings in person--one at an initial patient visit, and a second at a follow-up appointment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Teaching indirect mirror laryngoscopy.

Indirect mirror laryngoscopy is difficult to learn. An anatomic model of the oropharynx and larynx is described here. This model is used to familiarize medical students with the component skills of mirror laryngoscopy. The students progress to competency at mirror laryngoscopy on patients more quickly after initial use of this model.

Laryngoscopy↗
PubMed1989

The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy of oral mucosal carcinoma.

Hyperbaric oxygen is sometimes used in the course of treatment in head and neck cancer patient. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on oral cavity carcinogenesis in an animal model. Dimethylbenzanthracene was applied three times weekly to induce oral squamous cell cancers. The group that received simultaneous hyperbaric oxygen had fewer tumors, but the tumors were larger than the dimethylbenzanthracene-only group. We concluded that hyperbaric oxygen has a tumor-suppressive effect during the induction phase of oral carcinoma and appears to have a stimulatory effect during the proliferative phase of carcinoma in this animal model.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1988

Surgical care of submental gunshot wounds.

The care of patients with self-inflicted facial gunshot wounds is complex and challenging. The magnitude and self-inflicted nature of the injuries naturally give rise to questions about potential for successful rehabilitation. The surgical care and rehabilitation of ten such patients are described. The initial grotesque disfiguration belies the reasonable chances for functional restoration. Patients in this series who completed reconstruction swallow well enough to maintain body weight, speak understandably, breathe without tracheostomy, and have an appearance sufficiently normal that they can interact socially without embarrassment. Guidelines are proposed for multidisciplinary medical care leading to satisfactory functional, aesthetic, social, and psychiatric rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Osteomyelitis of the mandible.

The presenting characteristics and clinical courses of 60 patients with mandibular bone infections are described. Fifteen of the patients had posttraumatic osteomyelitis, 13 had odontogenic osteomyelitis, and 28 had osteoradionecrosis. Most infections (93%) were polymicrobial, and anaerobes played an important role. Types of surgical procedures and use of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen are described. There were minimal differences in presentation or response to treatment between these four different groups. A clinical staging system for mandibular bone infections is proposed and results of treatment are retrospectively analyzed by stage. The results support the concept that initial treatment planning can be safely and successfully based on the stage of the disease.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Bacteriology of middle ear effusions.

We studied fluid obtained from middle ear effusions (MEEs) during 908 myringotomy and tube insertion procedures on 495 children aged 4 months to 12 years. Under general anesthesia the external auditory canal was sterilized with povidone-iodine (Betadine) and alcohol, and myringotomy was done. Fluid was aspirated into a Luki tube and sent for culture and sensitivity determination. The median age of patients was 3 years 5 months; 1-year-old children comprised the largest single group. Two thirds of the children were male. Effusion was present in three fourths of the ears; in about 20% of these, culture grew bacteria. Haemophilus influenzae made up almost 50% of the pathogens, with the percentage decreasing with age. Almost 90% of the H influenzae organisms were sensitive to erythromycin, and about three fourths to ampicillin and cephalosporin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Laryngeal cancer without spread to the neck: treatment options and outcome.

We examined treatment and outcome variables in patients who had laryngeal cancer without clinical evidence of spread to the neck. In our patient population, there was a 24% overall recurrence rate for N0 laryngeal cancer. Initial manifestations, including stage and location of tumor, did not influence recurrence (P greater than .1). Initial treatment of the primary T3 or T4 tumor with radiotherapy alone was positively correlated with recurrence (P less than .0 for T3, P less than .0 for T4), but initial treatment of the neck did not appear to affect chance of regional or distant recurrence (P greater than .1). Approximately half of the patients who had recurrent disease were salvaged. Neither chance of salvage nor final disease-free status was significantly associated with any of the variables (P greater than .1).

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗