The effect of adding fiber to liquid formula diets on gastrointestinal transit is still controversial. Different fiber types (soluble vs insoluble) and different methodology of transit time measurements yielded variable results. Factors affecting transit include colonic fermentation, neural, and hormonal factors. We have therefore compared the effects of a standardized normal diet and two liquid formula diets with and without supplementation of a soluble fiber (21 g/L) on orocecal transit time measured by the hydrogen lactulose breath test, colonic transit time measured by radiopaque markers with an abdominal x-ray, bowel movements, stool consistency, and cholecystokinin release in 12 healthy male volunteers. The diets were consumed in a randomized order, each one for 7 days. The addition of soluble fiber did not affect orocecal transit time. Colonic transit time, however, was significantly prolonged (55 h) with fiber supplementation compared with the liquid diet (39 h) and the self-selected diet (30 h) (p < .01). Stool frequency and consistency was not significantly affected. During administration of both liquid diets, fasting cholecystokinin concentrations were significantly elevated compared with the concentrations found with a self-selected diet (p < .05). The fasting cholecystokinin concentration correlated significantly with the increase of segmental (right colon) colonic transit time (p = .02). The prolongation of colonic transit time in liquid diet-fed volunteers might be caused by the combined effect of increased colonic fermentation and high basal cholecystokinin concentrations.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of tropisetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor blocker, on intestinal secretion induced by cholera toxin or deoxycholic acid in rabbits in vivo.

It has been suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine is involved in the pathogenesis of various intestinal hypersecretory states including cholera. In this study, the effect of tropisetron (ICS 205-930), a specific 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 receptor blocker, on jejunal and colonic fluid secretion induced respectively by cholera toxin and deoxycholic acid was investigated in rabbits using isolated loops of intestine in vivo. Marked fluid accumulation in both the jejunal and colonic loops was observed after exposure to cholera toxin and deoxycholic acid respectively. Elevation of jejunal and colonic mucosal cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations was also noted. Intraperitoneal administration of tropisetron dose-dependent inhibited jejunal secretion induced by cholera toxin. In contrast, no significant anti-secretory effect of tropisetron was observed against colonic secretion induced by deoxycholic acid. Tropisetron did not affect elevated mucosal cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations. The inhibitory effect of tropisetron on intestinal secretion induced by cholera toxin, which was independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation, suggests that 5-hydroxytryptamine plays an important role in this type of secretion.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal microecology of the adult population of Mongolia, Switzerland, and Russia].

The study of intestinal microflora was made in clinically healthy young adults living in rural areas of Mongolia, in Russia (Moscow) and in Switzerland, as well as in Swiss citizens of elderly age groups (55-68 and 87-94 years). Essential differences in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of intestinal microflora both in the inhabitants of different countries as well as in people belonging to different age groups in the same country were established. The results of the study demonstrated the expediency of working out the criteria of the norm for intestinal microflora both for the population of different countries and for people living in the same country, but belonging to different age groups.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Qualitative composition of the normal intestinal microflora in individuals from the various age groups].

The study of the microflora of the large intestine in healthy adult volunteers of different age groups (25-36, 55-68 and 88-94 years old), living in Switzerland, has been carried out. As revealed by the analysis of the result obtained in this study, normal intestinal microflora in adults has different qualitative and quantitative characteristics at different periods of their life. The greatest diversity of intestinal microflora is observed at a mature age (55-68 years old), while the poorest microflora is observed in people more advanced in age. The amount of microorganisms inhabiting the intestine reaches its maximum in people of mature age and is low in elderly people. Changes in normal intestinal microflora are probaly linked with morpho-functional transformations in the host body at different periods of life. It is expedient to work out the criteria of norm for the microflora of different age groups with a view to use these criteria for the evaluation of the microbial status of the intestine in persons of different age.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal microflora in children from Mongolia, Russia, and Switzerland].

Intestinal microflora was studied in 3 groups of children; 55--living in Mongolia, 18--in Switzerland and 28--in Russia. Age of children of both sexual groups was 1.5-3 years. This study revealed that in none of these groups of clinically healthy children living in different regions and having different diet normal intestinal microflora corresponded to the standard considered to be the norm. The revision of norm criteria for normal intestinal microflora in children is recommended.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the lavage of the digestive tract on microflora in patients with polyps in the large intestine].

The microbial status of the intestine and the influence of lavage with polyethylene glycol and balanced electrolyte solution (PEG + E), used in the process of the preparation of patients to polypectomy, on this status were evaluated. The study of microflora was made before oral lavage after, and 48-72 hours later its completion. For control, a group of healthy volunteers, also subjected to oral lavage with PEG + E, was used. The lavage of the digestive tract with PEG + E led to a sharp change in the microbial status in both groups. Some microorganisms, previously absent in the intestine, were found after lavage. The processes of the restoration of intestinal microflora after lavage in healthy volunteers and in patients with polyps had certain differences. In healthy volunteers intestinal microflora was completely restored, and even improved, 48-72 hours after lavage with PEG + E, while at the expiration of this time intestinal microflora in the patients with polyps could be characterized as dysbiotic.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[2d symposium on the classification of pancreatitis. Marseilles, 28-30 March 1984].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗