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Biomedical subjects

K Gyr

Publications and source records attributed to K Gyr.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The release of pancreatic polypeptide by CCK-octapeptide and some analogues in the dog.

In dogs with gastric and pancreatic Thomas fistulas the effect of different cholecystokinin-like peptides upon pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release was studied in three ways: (a) Plasma PP concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in response to 135 pmol/kg/h of the synthetic C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) (A), of three of its analogues (B, C, D) where methionine has been replaced by methoxinine, and in response to 45 pmol/kg/h of caerulein. The greatest rise in plasma PP concentration expressed as delta PP was achieved with caerulein (327 +/- 37 pM), when taking into account the threefold smaller dose used, followed by CCK-OP (536 +/- 67 pM) and analogues B (343 +/- 51 pM), C (87 +/- 46 pM), and D (32 +/- 15 pM). The order of potency with respect to stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion was the same: E and A precede B, C, and D. delta PP correlated linearly with the pancreatic protein output (r = 0.98, p less than 0.01). (b) CCK-OP was infused in four doses of 35, 70, 135, and 270 pmol/kg/h, and plasma PP concentrations and exocrine pancreatic secretion were monitored. The correlation between pancreatic protein output and delta PP was very close (r = 0.98, p less than 0.01). (c) Atropine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced the PP response to the 135 pmol/kg/h dose of CCK-OP by 61%. We conclude from this that CCK-OP and related peptides do release PP and that their effect on exocrine pancreatic secretion is closely correlated with their PP-releasing capacity. The PP release may therefore be used as an indicator of the CCK-like activity of CCK fragments and analogues. CCK-OP may well represent one of the humoral stimulatory factors contributing to the release of PP, but this action appears to depend on a cholinergic background.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The release of pancreatic polypeptide by intraduodenal l-phenylalanine in the dog.

In four dogs with chronic gastric and pancreatic fistulas 100 mM L-phenylalanine was delivered to the duodenum at a rate of 25 ml/15 minutes. Pancreatic secretion and plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentration were monitored. Phenylalanine induced a slight rise in pancreatic volume output and a considerable increase in protein secretion in the pancreatic juice as well as a significant (p less than 0.01) increment of plasma PP over basal levels. Administration of atropine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited the PP release and reduced the pancreatic protein output (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the release of PP following intraduodenal phenylalanine involves a cholinergic mechanism and may be mediated by an enteropancreatic reflex and/or endogenous CCK peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer in a rural Liberian community. An endoscopic prospective study.

In a prospective study on a Liberian rubber plantation lasting over 12 months, 79 consecutive patients with recurrent epigastric pain as well as 15 controls without evidence of gastrointestinal disease were endoscoped with a fiberoptic instrument. Peptic ulcers were found in 7 (9%) of the 79 patients; 3 were in the prepyloric antrum and 4 in the duodenal bulb. The incidence of symptomatic peptic ulcer disease estimated from the data was 0.15 per 1000 population per year. Histology revealed superficial gastritis in 34, atrophic gastritis in 23 and duodenitis in 23 of the patients and in 3, 2 and 1 respectively of the control group. The differences observed between patients and controls were statistically significant for the stomach (p less than 0.01) but not for the duodenum. No correlation was found between the presence of histological gastritis and either dietary and social habits or the presence of intestinal parasites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Functional diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis].

Established and modern methods for assessment of exocrine pancreatic function are reviewed and discussed with regard to diagnostic workup in chronic pancreatitis. Determination of chymotrypsin in stool or oral admit BT-PABA suffice as screening methods, while more sensitive methods such as Lundh test, secretin, or secretin/pancreozymin are suitable for confirmation of diagnosis.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1980

[Chemical structure and biological activity of cholecystokizin octapeptides with respect to the stomach and pancreas].

Dose response curves of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) and 3 of its methoxinine analogues have been established in 4 conscious dogs with respect to gastric and pancreatic secretion. In the analogues the methionine was replaced by methoxinine in position 3 (B) and (D) or 6 (C). Of the 4 tested substances CCK-8 exhibited most activity with regard to pancreatic protein secretion, followed by B, C, and D. Analogue C had the strongest stimulating effect on gastric acid secretion, while its effect on pancreatic secretion was minor. Correlation of chemical structure with biological activity points to the importance of the methionine residue in position 6.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Somatostatin and cimetidine in peptic-ulcer haemorrhage. A randomised controlled trial.

In a randomised controlled trial somatostatin was compared with cimetidine in the treatment of severe and persistent gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcer. The study was of a sequential design and lasted 2.5 years, when the designated level of significance had been reached. Of the 20 patients studied, 10 received somotostatin and 10 received cimetidine. In 7 of the 10 pairs of patients somatostatin was more effective than cimetidine; in 2 pairs somatostatin and cimetidine were both ineffective; and in 1 pair they were equally effective. Somatostatin may therefore be suitable for controlling peptic-ulcer bleeding in many patients who are unsuitable for surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Biological activity of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin, of three of its analogues and of caerulein in the dog.

Dose-response curves of the C-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) of cholecystokinin, of 3 of its methoxinine analogues, and of caerulein for various variables of exocrine pancreatic secretion have been established in conscious dogs. The following relative potencies were calculated for the protein secretion activity of CCK-8 (100%), [Mox3]-CCK-8 (52%), [Mox6]-CCK-8 (27%), [Mox3,Mox6]-CCK-8 (19%) and caerulein (178%).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[The study of exocrine pancreas function by means of orally administered N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-praaminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA-test). Evaluation after 5 years clinical experience].

Exocrine pancreatic function was assessed in 588 persons by oral administration of 1 g of the chymotrypsin-labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-paraaminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) from 1974 to 1979. The BT-PABA-test was performed in 126 controls, 217 patients with pancreatic diseases, 196 patients with various non-pancreatic gastrointestinal diseases, 18 patients with renal diseases, and 31 patients with various other diagnoses. In 62 of 72 patients (86.1%) with chronic pancreatitis and in 19 of 25 patients with pancreatic carcinoma the excretion of paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA) in the urine was significantly less than in the controls. In contrast, 328 of 353 controls and patients with non-pancreatic diseases (92.9%) had a PABA excretion within normal limits. The sensitivity and specificity of the BT-PABA observed in this study is sufficient to detect moderate to severe disturbances of exocrine pancreatic function. The replacement of the liquid test-meal by a standard breakfast and additional meals taken during the collection period 4 or 5 hours after peptide intake did not influence the results of the BT-PABA-test, thus considerably simplifying the BT-PABA-test.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1980

The oral pancreatic function test with N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid: acute toxicity and effects of renal function on this test.

The oral pancreatic function test with N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid was performed on 24 healthy test subjects, and its toxicity was examined. Eight patients with restricted renal function and known renal disease were also investigated. The pancreatic function test and the same procedure using free p-amino-benzoic acid were performed at 2-3-day intervals. During all the investigations with the pancreatic function test, no clinical side effects were observed. All parameters investigated at all the test times fell within the normal range. No toxicity of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-amino-benzoic acid could be found. The excretion of p-aminobenzoic acid after administration of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid ws greatly reduced in all patients with restricted renal function. Four of eight patients also showed essentially no increase in excretion rate when free p-aminobenzoic acid was given instead of the peptide. It is therefore not possible to correct the pancreatic function test results in patients with renal insufficiency by calculating the ratio of p-aminobenzoic acid excretion after peptide intake to that after free p-aminobenzoic acid ingestion. Adequate renal function is therefore a prerequisite for the pancreatic function test.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1980

[Somatostatin and cimetidine in peptic ulcer hemorrhage. A randomized controlled study].

The efficacy of somatostatin in 20 patients with severe and persistent gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcer was investigated in a randomised controlled trial in comparison with cimetidine. Seven of the 10 pairs of patients showed a result favourable for somatostatin, but no pair showed an outcome in favour of cimetidine. Three pairs were tied: 2 with double failure and 1 with double success.

Cimetidine↗