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Biomedical subjects

K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to K Gupta.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphology of some uncommon tumors of childhood and adolescence.

With the advent of newer adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimes resulting in dramatic improvement in survival, it is mandatory to obtain quick correct diagnosis, which is provided by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Cytology of childhood tumors was studied to find any distinguishing features, which would help in arriving at a diagnosis. Cytomorphology of 386 childhood and adolescent (0-19 years) tumors diagnosed between 1984 and 1993 were studied. Lipoma was the commonest benign tumor in 0-14 years age group. Fibroadenoma of the breast was the common benign tumor in adolescent (10-19 yrs) girls and pleomorphic adenoma in adolescent (15-19 yrs) boys. Wilms' tumor was the most frequent solid malignant tumor in preschool children and Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed cellularity in the school going age (5-19 yrs). Malignant tumors were more frequent (199). In addition, some rare malignancies like hepatoblastoma, meningioma, ganglioneuroblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, clear cell sarcoma kidney and malignant histiocytosis were diagnosed. The cytological features and the differential diagnoses are discussed. It is possible to diagnose these uncommon tumors if particular attention is paid to the distinguishing cytomorphological features in correlation with clinicoradiological findings and cytochemistry.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic optimization of fed-batch bioreactors using the ant algorithm.

The ant colony algorithm, mimicking the cooperative search behavior of ants in real life, has been employed for the dynamic optimization of fed-batch bioreactors. To test the capability of this new heuristic algorithm, two well-known and extensively studied systems have been chosen. The algorithm rapidly converges to optimal feed rate profiles, which maximize the overall production of the desired product and the profits in a computationally efficient and robust manner. The optimal profiles evolved are easy to implement in plant operation. The algorithm compares favorably with the other known techniques.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of ovarian metastasis of gall bladder carcinoma simulating primary ovarian neoplasm: diagnostic pitfalls and review of literature.

The ovary is a relatively frequent site of metastases from malignant neoplasia arising elsewhere in the body, the majority of these originating from the gastrointestinal tract. The best-known tumor of this type is signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (Krukenberg tumor) of gastric origin and large bowel. The gall bladder and bile ducts are extremely rare sources of these metastases. The casuistic describes a female patient, presented with pelvic mass and jaundice. While clinical and imaging results suggested a primary ovarian carcinoma with incidental cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis, the final diagnosis was obtained on the basis of histopathologic findings of resected specimen.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective peer review in fine needle aspiration cytology. Another step toward quality assurance.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a prospective peer review program on diagnostic accuracy in a routine cytopathology laboratory. STUDY DESIGN: For the study, 4,836 consecutive cases subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) over a one-year period were used. Nine pathologists performed both reporting and peer review functions. Disagreements were classified into "diagnostic errors" and "diagnostic discrepancies," depending on their impact on patient care. The effect of this review on turnaround time was statistically analyzed. A retrospective review of 4,025 cases from the preceding year was performed for comparison. RESULTS: Sixty-six cases with diagnostic disagreements were detected by prospective review. There were 28 diagnostic errors and 38 diagnostic discrepancies. The initial turnaround time for diagnostic FNAC in 90% of total cases was < 24 hours; mean delay for the remainder was 3.3 days. Prospective peer review added a further delay of 1 and 1.5 days, respectively. The number of diagnostic disagreements was significantly higher in the retrospective review (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Prospective peer review of diagnostic FNAC resulted in improved accuracy of diagnosis and reduced potential for inappropriate therapy; however, turnaround time was significantly increased.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphologic patterns in Calmette Guerin bacillus lymphadenitis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the cytomorphologic patterns of Calmette Guerin bacillus (BCG) lymphadenitis and compare it to those of tuberculous lymphadenitis. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cytomorphologic study of 136 cases of clinically diagnosed BCG adenitis. All fine needle aspiration smears of lymphadenitis in the age group 2 months to 2 years during a three-and-half-year period were analyzed. RESULTS: Three distinct cytomorphologic patterns were seen in 112 cases. They were acid-fast bacilli in a necrotic background (62), granulomas with necrosis (47) and granulomas in a reactive lymphoid background (3). CONCLUSION: The cytomorphologic patterns in BCG lymphadenitis were similar to those seen in tuberculous lymphadenitis; however, an exudative response and high acid-fast bacillus positivity was seen more frequently in BCG lymphadenitis. Moreover, Ziehl-Neelsen staining helped to distinguish these cases from pyogenic abscesses.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphology of leprosy across the Ridley-Jopling spectrum.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible role of cytology in classifying leprosy lesions on the Ridley-Jopling scale. STUDY DESIGN: A double-blind, prospective study comparing cytologic assessment of 30 clinically diagnosed cases of leprosy with their histopathology. May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Ziehl-Neelsen stain were done on slit skin smears and fine needle aspiration material. RESULTS: Cytologic subclassification was possible in 23 cases as tuberculoid leprosy (11), midborderline (3), borderline lepromatous (5) and lepromatous leprosy (4). These correlated with histologic subtypes. CONCLUSION: May-Grünwald-Giemsa complements Ziehl-Neelsen stain, yielding information almost comparable to that from histologic examination of skin biopsies.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laser treatment of diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy.

The Authors report laser treatment of 18 eyes (14 patients) with a variant of central serous chorioretinopathy associated with widespread decompensation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the macula, diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE). All eighteen eyes with DRPE were treated with Krypton red laser photocoagulation in a grid pattern to leaking RPE in areas of neurosensory retinal detachment. All eyes showed anatomic improvement with resolution of the serous macular detachment and lipid exudation. The visual acuity was stabilized in 15 eyes (83%) at 6 months' follow-up, but only 3 eyes (17%) demonstrated improved visual acuity in the same time interval. At eighteen months, 2 of 15 eyes (13%) retained improved visual acuity, 11 eyes (74%) remained unchanged, and 2 eyes (13%) had visual loss. In this series of patients with DRPE, grid laser photocoagulation treatment was uniformly successful in producing an anatomic improvement in the exudative manifestations of the macula and in preventing or slowing progression of vision loss.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrapericardial benign teratoma with unusual presentation.

Benign teratoma, also referred as dermoid cyst, do occur in the mediastinum. However, their intrapericardial location has been reported very occasionally. This case of intrapericardial benign solid teratoma is being presented because of its rarity and its unusual presentation as a case of empyema, with features of cardiac compression and pericardial effusion.

Adult↗
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Metastatic craniopharyngioma.

We report a unique case of metastatic craniopharyngioma. Initially, the patient had a right frontal craniotomy for resection of a suprasellar mass, which was determined to be an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Seven years later, an MR study of the brain showed two peripheral enhancing lesions adjacent to the dura and contralateral to the craniotomy site. Pathologic examination again showed adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Although recurrence, both local and along surgical tracts due to implantation of craniopharyngioma tissue, has been reported, this case raises the possibility of meningeal seeding to remote sites.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of single inhalation of a salbutamol, ipratropium bromide and beclomethasone on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) is associated with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the mucus producing glands. The beneficial effect of inhaled drug may be due to improved mucociliary function. The present study was done to evaluate the effect of salbutamol, ipratropium bromide and beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation on mucociliary clearance in patients with COAD. METHODS: Ten patients of COAD were taken up, two patients however did not complete the study. Salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, beclomethasone dipropionate and placebo inhalation were given randomly to each patient on four separate days. Radioaerosol inhalation lung cine-scintigraphy after inhalation of the different drugs was followed up to two hours and than after 24 hours. RESULTS: There was no significant visually noticeable increased mucociliary clearance on any of the days. Two patients showed definite steep slope in the time activity curves with salbutamol as compared to other drugs or placebo. All the quantitative indices analysed at the end of one hour and two hours for the three drugs were comparable to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of inhaled salbutamol, ipratropium bromide and beclomethasone dipropionate has no appreciable effect on mucociliary clearance in patients with COAD.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus: is conservative surgery always justified?

A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus in a 7-year-old boy is reported. The patient underwent right pneumonectomy. Histologically, the tumor was a low-grade muco-epidermoid carcinoma arising from the bronchus with lymph node metastasis in the drainage area. Presence of lymph node metastasis in this low-grade tumor suggests the possibility of early progression of disease in what has until now been considered a very slow growing tumor. Aggressive surgery may be necessary in these situations.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A thyroid tubercular abscess and bilateral symmetrical hilar lymphadenopathy: a rare association.

An 18-year-old boy presented with a rare association of a thyroid tubercular abscess and bilateral symmetrical hilar lymphadenopathy. He was put on a Category I regimen with standard short course daily chemotherapy of four anti-tubercular drugs under the National Tuberculosis Programme. After a six-month of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT), the boy showed clinical and bacteriological improvement. The thyroid scan with Technetium 99 (Tc 99) and the chest skiagram also became normal.

Abscess↗
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Radial immuno diffusion estimation of maternal serum alpha feto-protein in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Maternal Serum Alphafeto Protein (AFP) levels were measured in maternal serum of normal pregnancy & pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) by using M-partigen immuno diffusion plates. A total of 80 cases (30 normal pregnancy and 50 of PIH) were taken for study. AFP levels were significantly lower in pre-eclamptic and eclamptic pregnancies as compared to normal pregnancy. Strong positive correlation between gestational age and maternal AFP levels was observed in normal pregnancy. While in PIH no significant positive or negative relationship was found. Observations suggest that estimation of maternal serum AFP may help in early detection of PIH.

Eclampsia↗
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Effects of acute administration of nifedipine on glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of sodium and uric acid in patients with mild-moderate essential hypertension.

A prospective study was conducted in 25 patients with essential hypertension to study the effects of sublingual administration of nifedipine on some renal functions. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by radioisotope clearance techniques using Tc-99m diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The change in urinary excretion of sodium and uric acid were also monitored. A basal estimation of these parameters was followed by repeat studies after lowering the blood pressure to normotensive levels by sublingual administration of nifedipine. It was observed that acute administration of nifedipine does not produce a significant change in the glomerular filtration rate, but causes marked and significant natriuresis and uricosuria.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accidental poisoning in children in Lusaka.

An analysis of 378 cases of accidental poisoning by ingestion or inhalation in children admitted to the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, in 1978, is presented. The distribution was as follows: paraffin poisoning (57.1%), food poisoning (18.3%), other household poisons (11%) and "medicines" (10.8%). In 9 cases poison could not be identified. Two patients (0.5%) died.

Adolescent↗