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Biomedical subjects

K Gotoh

Publications and source records attributed to K Gotoh.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Human pulmonary vascular and venous compliances are reduced before and during left-sided heart failure.

Human pulmonary vascular and venous compliances were measured in 41 patients with or without left-sided heart failure. Two methods were used. Method 1 was based on analysis of pulmonary capillary wedge (PCW) pressure tracings according to Cv,PCW = (SF/100)(0.075PCW + 0.90)SV/[(v - d)PCW + 1], where Cv,PCW is compliance of pulmonary venous system, SF is systolic fraction of pulmonary venous flow [related to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) as SF = 82 - 2.01PCW], (v - d)PCW is pulse pressure in PCW position, and SV is stroke volume. The (0.075PCW + 0.90) term equals k", i.e., systolic run-off ratio. Method 2 was used to measure to pulmonary vascular volume-pressure (V-P) relationship and pulmonary vascular compliance (Cvasc) and is based on measurement of pulmonary blood volume (PBV) and its increase with passive elevation of the legs to calculate Cvasc. Assuming the proportion of blood entering pulmonary venous system (in increase of PBV) during passive leg elevation to be 0.8, pulmonary venous compliance (Cv,PBV) was calculated as Cv,PBV = 0.8Cvasc. Cv,PCW correlated fairly closely with Cv,PBV (r = 0.81, coefficient of variation = 31%). This fair agreement between two independent methods suggests strongly that both methods may be valid, although other interpretations are possible. Cv,PCW, Cvasc, and Cv,PBV decreased going from New York Heart Association class I to classes II and III. When PBV was plotted vs. PCW, average V-P line for class II patients was flatter and shifted downward to the right compared with that for class I. This suggests pulmonary vasoconstriction as well as other factors. Average V-P line for class III patients is flatter but not displaced compared with that for class II. Another previously reported series of 50 patients, most of whom had ischemic heart disease, are included in this study.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1995

[Mechanism of analgesic action of Y-23023, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug].

The analgesic mechanism of Y-23023, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was investigated in the writhing response induced by intraperitoneal injection of kaolin and captopril in mice. Y-23023 (0.1-1 mg/kg, p.o.) suppressed the writhing frequency in a dose-dependent manner. Y-23023 also significantly reduced the increased levels of prostaglandin (PG) and bradykinin (BK) in the peritoneal cavity. In contrast, indomethacin, diclofenac sodium, loxoprofen sodium and mefenamic acid inhibited the writhing response, but their efficacies were lower than that of Y-23023. The peritoneal PG levels were dose-dependently reduced to the same extent as Y-23023, whereas the BK levels were not. M1, an active metabolite of Y-23023, inhibited the cyclooxygenase from sheep vesicular gland in a concentration-dependent manner, and its potency was similar to that of indomethacin. These results suggest that in addition to the suppressive effect on PG production via inhibition of cyclooxygenase, the inhibitory effect on BK production is involved in the analgesic action of Y-23023, unlike indomethacin and diclofenac sodium.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1995

Combined therapy with interleukin 2 and indomethacin in mice inoculated with MH134 hepatoma.

The antitumor effects of indomethacin and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were studied in C3H/HeJ mice inoculated with MH134 hepatoma cells. Combined treatment with indomethacin and IL-2 augmented natural killer (NK) cells in mice with MH134-induced peritoneal carcinomatosis, and the survival of the treated mice was significantly longer than the non-treated mice. In animals with subcutaneous MH134 tumors, the combined therapy with indomethacin and IL-2 significantly suppressed tumor growth and induced complete regression of the tumor in three out of five mice. These results suggest that indomethacin and IL-2 therapy could be effective on human gastrointestinal cancer cells as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of pyridoxine on male fertility.

Pyridoxine (PN) was intraperitoneally given at 250 and 500 mg/kg to male rats for 2, 4, or 6 weeks, and its effects on male fertility evaluated in terms of the optimal treatment period and detection parameters. Animals of all PN groups showed depression of body weight gains from week I of treatment onwards, significant at all but the 250 mg/kg 2 week administration I week time point. After 2 weeks treatment, the testes demonstrated only very slight histopathological changes. The 4- and 6-week treatments caused decreased spermatozoal motility and some histopathological changes in the testes including degeneration of germinal epithelial cells with both doses and also decreases in the fertility index and mean velocity of sperm, reduction in the testes and epididymides weights, and changes in testicular proteins. In the animals undergoing a 4-week recovery period following 4 or 6 weeks exposure, changes disappeared with the 250 mg/kg dose, but still remained with 500 mg/kg. From these findings, it is concluded that a treatment period of 4 weeks is sufficient for evaluation of drug effects on male fertility and that histopathology can detect the slightest toxic effects on the testis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Usefulness of 3-dimensional image analysis of skull base lesions].

We have evaluated three-dimensional (3D) images of the skull base lesions for planning cranial base surgery. Fifty 3D images were reconstructed from computed tomographies (CT), and/or magnetic resonance (MR) images or MR angiographic images of 30 patients with skull base lesions. These images have provided useful information for pre-operative evaluation. The 3D image reconstructed from CT provides clear information concerning the bone. Conversely, the 3D image from MR images demonstrates soft tissue very clearly, and that from MR angiography provides a detailed description of the vasculature. For skull base lesions, it is essential to evaluate 3D images from the different modalities, especially CT scan and MR image.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Combination therapy of high dose 5'-DFUR+MMC for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. 5'-DFUR Joint Research Group in the Osaka District for Gastric Cancer].

We conducted multi-center clinical trials of 'Treatment with high dose 5'-DFUR+MMC' in order to evaluate the effects, the possibility for outpatient treatment and the survival effects in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. The treatment schedule was as follow; 5'-DFUR 1,600 mg/body/day was given orally for five consecutive days every week and MMC 6 mg/m2 was injected intravenously once every four weeks. Forty-eight patients were enrolled and 34 cases were evaluated for anti-tumor responses. The overall response rate was 29.4% (10/34 cases). Side effects were mainly diarrhea, but outpatient treatment was possible in most cases. The median survival period was 249 days, which is longer than with other treatments. This result suggests that this combination chemotherapy is useful in patients with advanced or recurrent gastric cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A 54-year-old man with progressive proximal muscle atrophy and gynecomastia].

We report a 54-year-old man with progressive proximal muscle atrophy and gynecomastia. The patient had an insidious onset of weakness in his lower extremities at age 14, in that he noted a difficulty in standing up from a chair. Soon after he noted some difficulty in climbing up stairs. At age 35, he noted weakness in his arms; his weakness slowly progressed in that he became unable to walk or stand alone before 40 years of age. He also noted gynecomastia at that age. He was admitted to our hospital for the work up on September 16, 1993, when he was 54-year-old. On admission, he was alert and oriented; his BP was 150/70 mmHg; he had bilateral gynecomastia, however, no other skeletal deformities were found. On neurologic examination, he was mentally sound without dementia, and his higher cerebral functions were normal. Cranial nerves also appeared intact without facial atrophy, dysarthria, or dysphagia; no atrophy was noted in the tongue. He had marked muscle atrophy in both upper and lower extremities more marked in the proximal portions; muscle strength was approximately in the range of 2/5 to 3/5 in the proximal parts, and 4/5 in the distal parts in both upper and lower extremities. No fasciculation was noted; muscle tone was flaccid; no ataxia was present. Deep reflexes were either lost or markedly diminished. No Babinski sign was noted. Sensation was intact. Laboratory examination revealed normal blood counts; serum CK was slightly increased to 131 IU/l; ECG showed complete right bundle branch block; EMG revealed no active units in the right biceps brachii, deltoid, quadriceps femoris, and triceps surae muscles; in other muscles tested, motor unit potentials of low amplitude and short duration were seen; in the right tibialis anterior muscle, however, motor unit potentials with an amplitude up to 6 m V were also seen. Nerve conduction velocities were normal. A diagnostic procedure was performed. He was discussed in the neurological CPC, and the chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that this patient had Becker type of progressive muscular dystrophy. In her differential diagnosis, the possibility of Kennedy-Alter-Sung syndrome was discussed because this patient had gynecomastia. However, the discussant excluded that possibility because of absence of both bulbar symptoms and typical neurogenic changes in his EMG. The diagnostic procedure was a muscle biopsy on the left tibialis anterior muscle. Histologic observation on HE stained specimens revealed marked inequality in the muscle fiber diameters, increase in endomysial nuclei, proliferation of connective tissue, and fiber splitting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

[Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the accesory nerve--investigation of the site and mechanism of excitation in the cat].

The site where transcranial magnetic stimulation excites the accessory nerve was studied in 5 cats. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the accessory nerve was recorded from the right trapezius. The accessory nerve was stimulated electrically at the C1 level, jugular tubercle and jugular foramen. The latencies of the compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) for each portion were measured and compared with the magnetic response, which was coincidental with that of the jugular tubercle. The accessory nerve was then transected in steps distally from the C1 level, and CMAPs following magnetic stimulation were recorded at each step. The CMAPs disappeared following the nerve transection at the jugular tubercle. The results of both approaches in this study conclude that transcranial magnetic stimulation excites the accessory nerve at jugular tubercle. This stimulation site was anatomically coincidental with that of the facial nerve and trigeminal nerve in being right before the point where the nerve bends. Following the accessory nerve transection at the C1 level, the amputation stump was moved cranially, and CMAPs disappeared. CMAPs recorded after the accessory nerve was returned to its original position. These examinations suggested that sudden alteration of the traveling lie of the nerve participates in the mechanism of transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1994

Augmentation in cytotoxicity of lymphnode lymphocytes by OK-432.

It has been demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cell activity of lymphnode lymphocytes (LNL) is very low and hardly augmented by interferon. In this study, OK-432 was injected into the gastric cancer mass through endoscopy one week before the operation, through which NK activity of LNL was significantly increased. A single cell assay could divide the OK-432-injected patients into two groups; responder and non-responder. In responders, the increased activity induced by OK-432 was found also in the distal lymphnodes.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

"Silent" hepatitis B virus mutants are responsible for non-A, non-B, non-C, non-D, non-E hepatitis.

Since the recent introduction of diagnostic kits for hepatitis C and E, some cases of non-A, non-B, non-C, non-D, non-E hepatitis (so-called hepatitis F) have been revealed. We attempted to demonstrate that so-called hepatitis F is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify serum HBV DNAs from 20 patients with acute hepatitis and 20 patients with chronic hepatitis who had been diagnosed as having so-called hepatitis F on the basis of conventional serological markers. The PCR technique successfully amplified HBV DNAs in 18 (90%) cases of acute hepatitis and 17 (85%) cases of chronic hepatitis. Sequencing of HBV DNAs of six patients (acute 3, chronic 3) revealed equally a T-to-C mutation of DR2 and an 8-nucleotide deletion of the 3'-terminus of the X gene coding region, giving rise to the generation of a C-terminally truncated X protein and probable damage to the enhancer II/core promoter elements. These mutations of the X gene coding region may lead to suppression of replication and expression of HBV DNAs. Thus virtually all cases of so-called hepatitis F appear to be caused by "silent" HBV mutants, at least in Japan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Pathology of livers infected with "silent" hepatitis B virus mutant.

We have discovered that non-A, non-B, non-C, non-D, non-E (so-called type F) acute and chronic hepatitis is caused by a hepatitis B virus (HBV) variant with mutations in the X open reading frame. This silent HBV mutant does not induce immunoserological markers. In the present investigation we attempted to elucidate the putative mechanism of hepatocellular necrosis and expression patterns of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core antigen (HBcAg) in biopsied liver tissue. The subjects consisted of 14 patients with acute hepatitis, 11 with chronic hepatitis and eight with liver cirrhosis, all of whom had been previously diagnosed as having so-called hepatitis F. Nine of the 14, 10 of the 11 and all eight, respectively, of the above patients exhibited significant positive immunostaining for HBsAg within their hepatocellular cytoplasm, diffusely or focally. HBcAg stained in a few hepatocellular nuclei in 24.2% of the patients. Histological features were characterized by necroinflammation, indicating immune-mediated hepatocellular necrosis. Despite the serological-marker negativity, the results of immunostaining for HBsAg and HBcAg support replication and expression of HBV DNA, though weak.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

A wrapping clip combined with silastic sheet for emergent hemostasis: technical note.

The attachment of a thin silastic sheet combined with the use of Sugita's fenestrated aneurysm clip was developed for the emergency repair of vascular perforation during surgery. The sheet is flexible and tailored in the operating room, corresponds to the vascular curve, and is semitransparent, allowing observation of the area of perforation. The device can be applied under severe bleeding conditions without temporary clipping. It may be useful as an emergency tool for vascular repair in the operating room.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Enhancement of the anti-tumor activity of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) by immunocomplexing with an F(ab')2 fragment of murine monoclonal antibody against rIL-2.

We have investigated the biological properties of an immune complex composed of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and an F(ab')2 fragment of a monoclonal antibody against rIL-2 in mice for the induction of killer cells and anti-tumor activity, as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of the immune complex injected subcutaneously into mice. The immune complex demonstrated sustained serum rIL-2 levels, with a 2.4-times longer "mean-residence-time" than free rIL-2. A more significant portion of rIL-2 was detected in lymph nodes after the subcutaneous injection of the immune complex than with rIL-2 alone. Splenic lymphocytes from mice given the immune complex showed higher killer cell activity against YAC-1 and P815 cells than those from mice given rIL-2 alone. The immune complex also exerted a more significant anti-tumor effect in a dose-dependent manner in Meth-A fibrosarcoma-bearing mice than dit rIL-2 alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Increased heart rate and blood pressure response, and occurrence of arrhythmias in elderly swimmers.

Changes in the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, and the occurrence of arrhythmias after swimming were examined in 52 members of swimming classes aged 40 to 76 years. After swimming 25 m twice at a usual intensity, HR increased markedly in the subjects to 87 +/- 11% of predicted maximal HR, while the rate of perceived exertion was modest. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) also increased significantly, and SBP of 200 mmHg or higher was exclusively observed in subjects 60 years or older. After entering the pool, immersing the face and swimming, 28 subjects (54%) developed various arrhythmias. Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) was provoked or aggravated by swimming in 19 subjects. The incidence of PVC provocation or aggravation increased as SBP at rest or age increased. Swimming causes marked rise in HR and SBP in elderly subjects, and frequently provokes or aggravates PVC in older subjects and/or in subjects with higher SBP at rest.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bradykinin and Met-T-kinin-Leu stimulated PGE2 production by rat macrophage and fibroblast.

T-kininogen degradation and kinin release were observed in rat macrophages cultured under acidic conditions. Bradykinin and Met-T-kinin-Leu (a kinin precursor) stimulated PGE2 production by macrophages and fibroblasts but had no effect on O2- production. PGE2 production by macrophages stimulated with 10 microM bradykinin increased by approximately 148% compared to non-stimulated macrophages (0.47 +/- 0.13 vs 0.31 +/- 0.16 ng 10(6) cells-1 30 min-1), and increased by 161% in stimulated as opposed to non-stimulated fibroblasts (0.50 +/- 0.07 vs 0.31 +/- 0.05 ng 10(5) cells-1 30 min-1). No O2- production was detectable in fibroblasts despite stimulation with PMA, A23187, bradykinin, and Met-T-kinin-Leu. O2- production by macrophages was 4.2 +/- 0.3 and 3.0 +/- 0.2 nmol 10(6) cells-1 min-1 after stimulation with PMA and A23187, respectively, but no O2- production was observed after stimulation with bradykinin or Met-T-kinin-Leu. These data suggest that bradykinin and the kinin precursor are implicated in granulomatous tissue formation and wound healing through arachidonic acid and its metabolites but not through O2-.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Survival rate of patients with diabetic retinopathy after vitreous surgery].

We studied various factors affecting the survival rate after vitreous surgery in 140 patients with diabetic retinopathy, who had undergone vitreous surgery between 1982 and 1990, according to the life-table theory and Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year survival rate was 95.8%. The most common cause of death was cerebro-cardiovascular disease in 75.0%. The ratio of the observed number of deaths (O) to the expected ones (E), the O/E ratio, was significantly higher in patients who had undergone surgery between 55 and 69 years of age. The O/E ratio was significantly higher in both cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease groups. Factors associated with a lower survival rate included age at operation, history of nephropathy, and neuropathy.

Adult↗