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Biomedical subjects

K Goto

Publications and source records attributed to K Goto.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pharmacological characterization of novel mammalian tachykinins, neurokinin alpha and neurokinin beta.

Pharmacological studies were performed with neurokinin alpha and beta, new tachykinins isolated from porcine spinal cord, on smooth muscle preparations exhibiting two subtypes of substance P receptor (SP-P and SP-E receptors). The results showed that both neurokinin alpha and beta possessed the typical tachykinin activities and they exhibited SP-E-type ligand characteristics. The potency studies of SP6-11 and (Val8)SP6-11 have revealed that (VAL8)SP6-11 was comparable to SP6-11 in contracting the guinea-pig ileum (SP-P system), but greater than SP6-11 and also substance P in potentiating nerve stimulation-induced contraction of the rat vas deferens (SP-E system). The contractile response of the rat duodenum to neurokinin alpha was slow at onset and long-lasting compared with those to neurokinin beta and substance P. The residual immunoreactivity of each tachykinin in the organ bath decreased in parallel with the fading of the contractile response. The order of the half-life of each immunoreactive peptide was as follows: neurokinin alpha greater than neurokinin beta greater than substance P. The results were discussed from the viewpoints of structural significance in manifestation of pharmacological properties and in inactivation process, as well as the physiological roles of these novel mammalian tachykinins.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Gas exchange and facilitation of high-frequency ventilation in intrathoracic surgery.

High-frequency ventilation (HFV) of the jet type was evaluated for facilitation of intrathoracic operations because HFV does not necessitate ventilatory movement of the lung and reduces the volume of the lung. The feasibility of HFV as a substitute for the current respiratory management of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) was determined in 12 patients with cancer of the lung by employing two types of HFV-HFV alone (Group 1) and HFV on physiological dead-space volume (VD) (Group 2). For the 6 patients in Group 1, HFV was set at a frequency of 3 Hz and a driving pressure of 0.5 kg/cm2. For the 6 patients in Group 2, HFV was set at 6 Hz with the same driving pressure but was superimposed on a small tidal volume equal to a dead space. High-frequency ventilation facilitated intrathoracic operations because of the disappearance of ventilatory movement and the reduced volume. No significant difference between the groups was found for arterial oxygen tension. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in patients in Group 1 remained in the normal range, although it was slightly acidotic. The PaCO2 in Group 2 was acidotic. Therefore, it was concluded that HFV alone can be substituted for IPPV in gas exchange and provides good accessibility to the operative field.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Changes in the plasma concentration of immunoreactive arginine vasotocin during oviposition in the domestic fowl.

The plasma concentrations of immunoreactive arginine vasotocin (AVT) were measured during oviposition and shortly before ovulation of the first egg (Cl) of a clutch. Immunoreactive AVT was determined on bentonite extracts of 0.5 ml plasma samples using the method of Rosenbloom and Fisher (1974). The R-70 antiserum used to measure AVT cross reacted with arginine vasopressin (AVP), however the fowl pituitary does not synthesise AVP. Over a period of 10 to 90 min before oviposition the plasma AVT concentration was about 20 pg/ml; during oviposition it increased four-fold. Measurements made at frequent intervals showed that plasma AVT concentration increased 5 to 6 min before oviposition, reached a peak during oviposition itself and decreased rapidly in the following 5 to 6 min. The surge in plasma AVT occurred on average 48 min before Cl ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Analysis of the vagal reflex tracheal constriction in the dog.

We devised a preparation for measuring the vagal reflex tracheal constriction following the bronchoconstriction induced by histamine inhaled in the bronchial side in dogs. Properties of the vagal reflex tracheal constriction were investigated using this preparation. Histamine inhaled in the bronchial side caused the tracheal constriction following the bronchoconstriction. The tracheal constriction was inhibited by section of the bilateral superior laryngeal nerves or vagal cooling, respectively, but was not completely blocked. The combination of section of the bilateral superior laryngeal nerves and vagal cooling abolished the tracheal constriction. An i.v. administration of pentobarbital reduced both bronchoconstriction and tracheal constriction. These findings indicate that the tracheal constriction observed in the present study is mediated by the vagal reflex arc and that the extravagal pathway consisting of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves plays a role in a part of the afferent pathway of the vagal reflex airway responses. When the bronchoconstriction was completely abolished by isoproterenol inhaled in the bronchial side, the reflex tracheal constriction still existed. Transient inflation and deflation of the lungs caused reflex tracheal dilatation and constriction, respectively. We conclude that the vagal reflex airway constriction is due to complex effects which may be mediated by plural sensory receptors in the airways.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Carbonic anhydrase activity of the reproductive tract tissues of aged male fowls and its relationship to semen production.

A significant positive correlation was found between the carbonic anhydrase activity of the testes or ductus deferens and the volume of semen, spermatozoa or seminal plasma per collection. No relationship was found between the carbonic anhydrase activity of tissue from the epididymal region and semen production. The intramuscular injection of greater than 25 mg acetazolamide/kg body weight, a known carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, significantly reduced the carbonic anhydrase activity in the testes, epididymides and ductus deferens. As the dose was increased, the carbonic anhydrase activity of the reproductive tract tissues decreased in a linear manner. The reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity was associated with significantly lower volumes of semen, spermatozoa and seminal plasma per collection.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1984

Effects of gonadotrophins, sex steroids and adenohypophysectomy on the activities of proteolytic enzymes in the ovarian follicle wall of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

LH and progesterone added to cultures of the follicle wall of hens increased the total activity of neutral and acid proteases and collagenase and the increase was greater for follicle tissues from the stigma region. Adenohypohysectomy of hens resulted in the decreased activities of neutral and acid proteases and collagenase in the first and second largest follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of traxanox on antibody formation in BALB/c mice].

The production of spleen- and thymus-rosette forming cells (RFC) in BALB/c mice 4 days after immunization with 5 X 10(8) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was inhibited by traxanox at doses of 10-30 mg/kg, p.o. This agent (100 mg/kg, p.o.) suppressed the 19S hemagglutinin titer and elevated the 7S hemagglutinin titer. The transfer of spleen-RFC of thymus-RFC into syngeneic recipient mice 4 days after immunization with SRBC increased the production of spleen hemolytic plaque forming cells (HPFC). This increase was abolished by the transfer of spleen-RFC obtained from mice treated with traxanox (30 mg/kg, p.o.), but not by the transfer of spleen-RFC treated with anti-Lyt 2.2 antiserum and complement. The viability of the spleen-RFC in mice treated with traxanox was decreased by treatment with anti-Lyt 2.2 antiserum and complement. Traxanox (3-30 mg/kg, p.o) significantly increased the inhibition of HPFC, spleen-RFC and thymus-RFC production by Concanavalin A at a dose of 50 micrograms/mouse. This agent (3-30 mg/kg, p.o) inhibited the production of HPFC, spleen-RFC and thymus-RFC in mice 4 days after the secondary immunization. These results suggest that traxanox may inhibit antibody production via the induction of Lyt 2.2 positive cells (suppressor T cells).

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Generation of an interleukin-I-like lymphocyte-stimulating factor at inflammatory sites: correlation with the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Using a mouse thymocyte co-stimulation assay, we demonstrated thymocyte-stimulating activity in murine peritoneal fluid obtained from the early stage (3 to 9 h) of casein-induced inflammation. This early inflammatory stage coincided with the time at which an influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) into the inflamed site was observed. Similar thymocyte-stimulating activity was produced in vitro by PMN purified from 4-h peritoneal exudate but not by purified PMN obtained at a later stage (24 h) of the inflammation. The inflammatory factor was interleukin (IL)-I-like; it was devoid of IL-2 activity when tested with IL-2-dependent cells. It could stimulate murine thymocytes to produce IL-2. On a Sephadex G-75 column, the factor was eluted between the molecular sizes of 10 000 and 30 000; its peak activity was at 21 000. The factor mainly consisted of two (pI 6.5 and pI 5.0) iso-electrophoretically different factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Production of a lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor by purified polymorphonuclear leucocytes from mice and rabbits.

Highly pure polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) were prepared from peritoneal exudate cells which were induced by an i.p. injection of casein into C3H mice and rabbits. The PMN were tested for the production of a lymphocyte proliferation potentiating factor with various stimulations in vitro. In both animal species, the purified PMN from the inflammatory site 3 hr after injection (3-hr PMN) produced the factor upon stimulation with kaolin, while the purified PMN from the lesion 24 hr after injection (24-hr PMN) did not. The 3-hr PMN produced the potentiating factor during a relatively earlier period after in vitro stimulation with kaolin. Protein synthesis inhibitors did not inhibit the factor production, suggesting the release of a preformed factor from 3-hr PMN. The effect of kaolin did not appear to be simply due to its cytotoxicity, because the release was dependent on the metabolism of 3-hr PMN and not parallel with 51Cr-release from the PMN. The factor produced by mouse PMN had an MW of about 15,000-25,000; it consisted of two isoelectrophoretically distinct factors, i.e. pI 9.4 and 5.4. The rabbit PMN factor was slightly smaller (MW ranging between 10,000 and 20,000) than the mouse PMN factor and was composed of three pI species, i.e. 7.2, 5.4, and 4.5.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Choroid plexus papilloma. Light and electron microscopic study.

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) was observed by light and electron microscopy, using surgically excised tissues in 7 cases and cultivated cells. CPP cells had numerous microvillous processes showing balloon-like features, lysosomes containing haemosiderin, and highly electron-dense irregular granules about 150-300 nm in diameter. Interstitial cells with highly electron-dense cytoplasm inserted their long and thin processes into the invagination of basal plasmalemma of CPP cells, occasionally breaking down the basal lamina. Many of them were located in the intercellular space among CPP cells, sometimes adhering to the ventricular surface of CPP cells. Ruthenium red stain was positive on the surface of CPP cells and was especially intense on the surface of microvilli and cilia. In culture, CPP cells and interstitial cells migrating from the CPP cell mass showed a phagocytic activity after treatment with Latex.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Malignant papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. Light and electron microscopic study.

A case of malignant papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor consisted mainly of a characteristic papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, but the feature of epithelial components varied greatly in separate portions of the tissue; papillary adenoma-, tubular adenocarcinoma-, acinic cell tumor- or oncocytoma-like features were observed, the tumor cells showing "atypia" in major components. Numerous intracytoplasmic inclusions were found in many oncocytic cells arranged in acinar structure, and stained with PAS, AZAN or Alcian blue. Electron microscopically, large numbers of very large, swollen and closely packed mitochondria were observed in almost all the tumor cells. The intraplasmic inclusions were composed mainly of a long dense body enclosed by a single unit membrane, and the contents constituted bundles of fine filament running parallel to the longer axis. The inclusions were often observed to unite with lysosomes and to co-exist with secretory granules in the cytoplasm.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1983

Case report of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, histochemical and electron microscopic study.

A rare case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin in a 83-year-old male Japanese was reported. Histological, electron microscopical and cytological studies were performed on the surgically removed tumor tissue and the cultured tissue. The tumor occurred at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of the right elbow, and spread to the right brachial region and axilla. Histologically, the tumor consisted mostly of small anaplastic cells, closely resembling lymphocytes. They showed a characteristic uniformity without rosette or trabecular formation in the usual histological sections, but an epithelial-like arrangement of tumor cells was readily observable both in the tissue culture and imprint preparations. Grimelius' stain was weakly positive in the periphery of the cytoplasm. Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) activity was high both in the serum and in the tumor mass. No gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones were detected. Electron microscopically, membrane-bound granules of neurosecretory type, 90 to 170 nm in diameter were observed in the cytoplasm. These granules were characteristically distributed along the periphery of cytoplasm beneath the plasma membrane and in clusters in the cell processes. The tumor cells had sparse rudimentary desmosome-like junctions and a few cytoplasmic finger-like projections. Either a neurogenic or APUD cell origin of the tumor was suspected. The serum NSE value, suggesting to be a neurogenic origin before the histological examination in the present case, is considered to be a valuable marker substance for screening and therapeutic monitoring of neurogenic tumors.

Aged↗