Apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Apoptosis↗
Biomedical subjects
K Goto
Publications and source records attributed to K Goto.
Retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma causing variegated colonic lesions.
A 68-year-old man visited our hospital because of heartburn. A firm mass was palpated in the left upper abdominal quadrant. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large left sided retroperitoneal tumor. A barium enema examination showed shallow irregularly depressed or elevated lesions. Colonoscopy revealed an irregularly shaped ulcer and multiple submucosal masses suggesting invasion by an extrinsic malignant tumor. Although colonoscopic biopsy was negative, a resected tumor was histologically diagnosed as a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). When such varigated lesions are detected in the colon, MFH should be considered, and an attempt to sample the submucosal layer may be necessary.
Aged↗
A rare case of 46,XX true hermaphroditism with hidden mosaicism with sex-determining region Y chromosome-bearing cells in the gonads.
The sex-determining region Y chromosome (SRY) triggers testis determination. We report a 46,XX true hermaphrodite who had ambiguous genitalia at birth. A laparotomy at one year of age revealed this patient to have a testis on the right side and an ovotestis on the left side. By polymerase chain reaction analysis no SRY was detected in the DNA from the leukocytes but it was found in the DNA from the ovotestis. The hidden mosaicism with the Y-bearing cells in the gonads is likely the cause of the dual gonads in this patient.
Adult↗
Embolization of cerebral aneurysms using Guglielmi detachable coils--problems and treatment plans in the acute stage after subarachnoid hemorrhage and long-term efficiency.
This study investigated the problems in treating ruptured aneurysms using Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) in the acute stage and evaluated the long-term efficacy in a series of 25 patients with 29 aneurysms. Eight patients with ruptured aneurysm treated within 2 weeks of the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) suffered no mortality or morbidity related to the procedure. Five patients achieved good outcomes despite severe SAH and returned to their previous lives. Three patients had poor clinical outcomes, two related to vasospasm and one related to pulmonary complication. More than 9 months follow-up was completed in 14 patients with 16 aneurysms. All six small aneurysms with small necks were completely obliterated and no recanalization was seen, and two of the eight large or giant aneurysms were completely obliterated. Recanalization was seen in four large or giant aneurysms and one small aneurysm due to coil compaction within 13 months. One patient died of rupture of a large aneurysm 18 months after complete obliteration of the aneurysm. Embolization using GDCs in the acute stage after SAH can prevent rerupture of cerebral aneurysms. However, recanalization due to coil compaction was the major problem in the chronic stage. Intensive follow-up and additional embolization, if necessary, is important.
Aged↗
A poison information service via an automated facsimile (fax) system: an adjunct to the operator-based service.
BACKGROUND: Poison centers are faced with the escalating costs of specialist staffing and increased investments in hardware and databases despite deficit funding. We developed an automated fax information system to access poison information from any fax machine without special training or equipment. METHODS: We provided a 3-month trial service of the fax system in conjunction with the regular operator-based service and analyzed the fax access log, followed by a questionnaire to the 2204 affiliate members regarding the use of the fax. RESULTS: A total 657 accesses to the fax system were made, of which 105 (16%) were unsuccessful; 342 (52%) were made to retrieve the user's manual, 85 (13%) to retrieve the index pages, and 230 (35%) to retrieve documentation on specific substances. The most frequently accessed items concerned disc battery ingestion (13.5%), salicylates (10.3%), mamushi viper (7.1%), acetaminophen (5.8%), and sodium hypochlorite (3.8%). The questionnaires were returned by 666 (30.2%) members; 93 (14%) had actually used the fax system with the average frequency of 1.8 times/user, 63% (59/93) of the respondents considered the service satisfactory, and 33% (31/93) said it was somewhat unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The automated fax information system was accepted and handled by users with only minor difficulty. A facsimile information service may have a valuable role in providing poisoning information and has potential benefits in cases of environmental disasters.
Consumer Behavior↗
Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)--material selection, improved technique, and tactics in the initial therapy of cerebral AVMs.
Successful embolization can be achieved only when the following three factors are correct and in co-operation: catheter tip position, flow control, and the setting time of normal-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA). Otherwise, the procedure may end with unsatisfactory results or complications. The current principle of safe and efficient embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is based on superselective cannulation of every strategically important feeding pedicle and injection of liquid embolic material under flow control. This study was based upon our experiences of embolizing 92 cases with cerebral AVM performed under the above conditions at our department. Results showed very encouraging new observations with implications for further procedures: total removal of the AVM nidus after embolization was achieved in 90% of the cases, preradiosurgical embolization achieved 52% volume reduction and successfully maneuvered all cases into the gamma knife focal spot. Recently improved microcatheters with increased flexibility and minimal friction made it possible to place the tip of the microcatheter into the nidus with a higher success rate and better safety factors. In order to obliterate a substantial amount of the AVM nidus and prevent penetration into the draining veins, the creation of optimal flow status, and optimal setting time of NBCA have paramount importance.
Arteriovenous Malformations↗
Episcleritis associated with pigmentary retinal degeneration in an HTLV-I carrier.
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) has been reported as the cause of a kind of endogenous uveitis (HTLV-I associated uveitis; HAU). We observed a case of episcleritis in a HTLV-I carrier with pigmentary retinal degeneration. HTLV-I infection might be associated with the development of episcleritis and pigmentary retinal degeneration. Patients with episcleritis or pigmentary retinal degeneration should be examined for HTLV-I infection.
Carrier State↗
[Sudden decrease in the level of consciousness due to subarachnoid bleeding attack in a patient undergoing ophthalmic surgery under retrobulbar anesthesia].
We experienced a case of intraoperative subarachnoid bleeding attack under retrobulbar anesthesia in a 71 year-old female. Immediately after retrobulbar anesthesia with bupivacaine, the patient showed a sudden decrease in her level of consciousness, respiratory depression, convulsions and her blood pressure increased to 258/63 mmHg. The clinical symptoms and onset of the attack were very similar to those of acute local anesthetic intoxication, where local anesthetics reached the central nervous system through cerebrospinal fluid or via ophthalmic artery. We gave oxygen and provided ventilatory assist by bag and mask, and administered anticonvulsant and antihypertensive agents. After we confirmed recovery of consciousness and stability of hemodynamics and respiration, the extracapsular lens extraction began. The same attack reoccurred 20 minutes later, and we treated the patient with the same procedure as in the first attack and asked the surgeon to shorten the operation. After surgery the patient was diagnosed by computed tomography as having subarachnoid bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery. When a patient's level of consciousness suddenly decreases under local anesthesia, we recommend terminating the surgery to clarify the cause. In such cases, serious cardio- and cerebrovascular disorders might be involved, rather than complications due to local anesthetic intoxication.
Aged↗
MICA gene polymorphisms and HLA-B27 subtypes in Japanese patients with HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis.
PURPOSE: HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (HLA-B27 AAU) seems to be triggered by external factors in persons with a particular genetic background. It is still uncertain whether HLA-B27 or other gene(s) near the HLA-B region predisposes to uveitis in a linkage disequilibrium with B27. The authors investigated microsatellite polymorphism within the transmembrane region of the MICA gene, located 47 kb centromeric of the HLA-B gene, and HLA-B27 subtypes. METHODS: Seventeen HLA-B27-positive Japanese patients with HLA-B27 AAU, 51 Japanese controls, and 20 B27-positive Japanese controls were examined for MICA gene polymorphism within the transmembrane region using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent automated fragment detection by fluorescent-based technology. Furthermore, B27-positive patients with HLA-B27 AAU and B27-positive controls were examined for HLA-B27 subtypes by the PCR-sequence-specific primer method. RESULTS: The microsatellite allele in the MICA gene, consisting of four repetitions of GCT/AGC (designated A4 allele), was present at a significantly higher phenotype frequency in the patient group (64.7%) than in the control group (25.5%) (chi 2 = 6.95, Pc = 0.042). Furthermore, the frequency of the A4 allele was significantly higher, even when compared with 20% in the B27-positive control group (chi 2 = 5.88, Pc = 0.042). The frequency of HLA-B27 subtypes was not significantly different between B27-positive patients with HLA-B27 AAU and B27-positive controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the MICA gene itself, or other nearby gene(s), linked to the MICA A4 allele may be involved in the development of HLA-B27 AAU and that HLA-B27 subtypes are not important in the development of HLA-B27 AAU in a Japanese population.
Acute Disease↗
Detection and typing of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus RNA from transplantable tumors, mouse liver tissues, and cell lines, using polymerase chain reaction.
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Animals↗
Characterization of endothelium-dependent relaxation independent of NO and prostaglandins in guinea pig coronary artery.
In the presence of N omega-nitro-L-arginine and indomethacin, acetylcholine (ACh) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in guinea pig coronary artery preconstricted with 9,11-dideoxy-9 alpha, 11 alpha-epoxymethano prostaglandin F2 alpha. Dexamethasone and arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone, inhibitors of phospholipase A2, and 17-octadecynoic acid, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, had no effect on the response to ACh. Although proadifen, which is used widely as an inhibitor of cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes, suppressed the ACh-induced relaxation, the drug also inhibited the relaxation induced by cromakalim, a K+ channel opener. In isolated smooth muscle cells of guinea pig coronary artery, proadifen, but not 17-octadecynoic acid, almost abolished delayed rectifier K+ current. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids failed to relax the artery. Apamin and iberiotoxin, inhibitors of small- and large-conductance Ca(++)-activated K+ channels, respectively, did not affect the relaxation induced by ACh. A combination of charybdotoxin plus apamin, but not iberiotoxin plus apamin, abolished the response. However, the combination of charybdotoxin plus apamin had no effect on ACh-induced increase in intracellular free Ca++ concentration in endothelial cells. These results suggest that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids do not contribute to N omega-nitro-L-arginine/indomethacin-resistant relaxation induced by ACh in the guinea pig coronary artery. The present study also proposes that K+ channels on vascular smooth muscle cells, which both charybdotoxin and apamin must affect for inhibition to occur, are the target for endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.
Acetylcholine↗
[Isoproterenol continuous nebulization of childhood status asthmaticus. II. Efficacy and side effects of low-dose method comparing with high-dose method].
We investigated the efficacy and side effects of "low-dose isoproterenol continuous nebulization" for childhood status asthmaticus, and compared them with those of "high-dose method". "Low-dose" is defined as 10 ml or less of 0.5% dl-isoproterenol solution diluted in 500 ml of normal saline. Subjects were 23 children who were hospitalized and underwent the nebulization therapy. The period of continuous nebulization was 26.3 +/- 12.5 hours. The Wood's clinical score clearly decreased in 22 cases, the average score changing from 7.3 +/- 1.2 to 2.8 +/- 1.5. Heart rate was not elevated significantly during the nebulization period, and decreased gradually (142 +/- 22/min at the start of the nebulization, 145 +/- 22/min at 1 hour, and 134 +/- 23/min at 3 hours, and 103 +/- 13/min at the cessation of the nebulization). Serum GOT, LDH, CPK, and potassium were decreased after the nebulization compared with the values before the treatment, the changes of the last 2 items being statistically significant. Two subjects who had vomited before the nebulization therapy complained nausea during the procedure, and one experienced transient finger tremor. We conclude that "low-dose isoproterenol continuous nebulization" is an effective and safe method for childhood status asthmaticus. We expect that this method will be familiar to all clinicians.
Bronchodilator Agents↗
[A case of idiopathic hemochromatosis which occurred in three siblings with high level of serum CA 19-9].
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CA-19-9 Antigen↗
The recent activities of the Japan Poison Information Center.
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Female↗
Chromosomal mapping of genes in the RBCS family in Arabidopsis thaliana.
In Arabidopsis thaliana, four genes have been identified in the RBCS gene family, one being assigned to subfamily RBCS-A and the other three to subfamily RBCS-B (1B, 2B and 3B). To determine the chromosomal location of these genes, hybridization analysis with CIC YAC high-density filters was carried out for the RBCS-A gene, and CAPS analysis for the three RBCS-B genes, based on the finding that restriction fragment length polymorphism is present in the upstream region of the gene RBCS-3B. The RBCS-A gene was mapped at 100.8 cM from the top of chromosome 1 and the three RBCS-B genes at 62.70 cM from the top of chromosome 5.
Arabidopsis↗
Effects of carbon tetrachloride administration on initiation of liver cell foci by the non-hepatocarcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P).
In a development trial for an initiation bioassay system, cell proliferation kinetics after partial hepatectomy (PH) or CCl4 administration (1 ml/kg b.w., i.g.) and the effect of administration time after PH or CCl4 treatment on liver cell foci induction by the direct and indirect non-hepatocarcinogens, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) were investigated. Male F344 rats were killed 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72 or 96 h after PH or CCl4 treatment and liver cell proliferation was examined with the bromodeoxiuridine (BrdU) labeling method. Appreciable increase in the BrdU labeling index was observed 18-36 h after PH with a peak at 24 h, and 18-72 h following treatment with CCl4 with a peak at 48 h. MNNG (80 mg/kg i.g.) or B(a)P (100 mg/kg i.g.) were administered to 7-week-old male F344 rats at various times after PH or CCl4 treatment and lesion induction was assessed using the resistant hepatocyte model. MNNG caused significant numbers of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive liver cell foci in rats when given 12-36 h after PH, with a peak at 24 h. In contrast, the numbers of foci induced by B(a)P were maximal with exposure at 12 h after PH. In the CCl4 study, both MNNG and B(a)P induced significant increase in GST-P-positive liver cell foci when given 12-72 h after CCl4 treatment, with a peak at 48 h, the results being directly in line with the changes in BrdU labeling. From these findings, it is concluded that initiation assay protocols with a CCl4 proliferative stimulus to hepatocytes may prolong the appropriate administration period for effective detection of the initiation potential of both direct and indirect carcinogens targeting sites other than the liver.
Animals↗
[Nervous system diseases and apoptosis].
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Apoptosis↗
Anti-apoptotic action of angiotensin fragments to neuronal cells from angiotensinogen knock-out mice.
The morphological analysis in a congenic line of angiotensinogen knock-out mice (AgKO) revealed the decreased density in granular layer cells of hippocampus and cerebellum, suggesting neuronal cells of AgKO susceptible to apoptotic cell death. This phenomenon was further studied by culture of the hippocampal neurons with decreased concentration of serum. AgKO neuronal cells, which showed apoptosis by lower concentration of the serum within several hours, however, survived much longer in the presence of angiotensin II (AII) and IV (AIV). This anti-apoptotic action was not interfered by AII receptor antagonists, CV11874 and PD123319. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system could play a critical role in central nervous system, preventing neuronal cells from apoptosis not only by AII but also AIV.
Angiotensin II↗