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Biomedical subjects

K Gohji

Publications and source records attributed to K Gohji.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Prognostic significance of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 ratio in recurrence of urothelial cancer after complete resection.

The relationship between the serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2):tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) ratio and disease recurrence was examined in 53 urothelial cancer patients with muscular invasion or with lymph node metastasis who underwent complete resection. The mean MMP-2:TIMP-2 ratio in 31 patients with recurrence was significantly higher than that in 22 patients without recurrence (P < 0.05). Disease-free survival of patients with high MMP-2:TIMP-2 ratios was extremely poor compared with that of patients with lower ratios (P < 0.01). Cox's multivariate analysis suggests that the serum MMP-2:TIMP-2 ratio would be a new independent prognostic indicator of urothelial cancer recurrence.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Usefulness of digital rectal examination, serum prostate-specific antigen, transrectal ultrasonography and systematic prostate biopsy for the detection of organ-confined prostate cancer.

The detection rate of organ-confined prostate cancer by digital rectal examination (DRE), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of the prostate, as well as the value of a directed, guided transrectal core biopsy for the prostate (TRUS-guided biopsy) combined with systematic biopsy, were evaluated. The subjects were 171 patients with urinary symptoms suggestive of prostatic disease excluding those with clinical stage C and D prostate cancer. Twenty-five patients (14.6%) had prostate cancer, 127 (74.2%) had benign prostate hypertrophy, four (2.3%) had prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, eleven (6.4%) had inflammation, and four (2.3%) had normal prostate tissue. The incidence of detection of hypoechoic findings by TRUS in the patients in whom nodules were detected by DRE or who had elevated serum PSA was higher than that in patients with negative diagnostic findings. In 22 of the 25 patients with prostate cancer, the cancer was detected by recognition of a hypoechoic area on TRUS. In 10 of these 22 patients, prostate cancer was also detected by systematic biopsy in isoechoic areas. Prostate cancer was detected by systematic biopsy in three patients without hypoechoic findings. The positive predictive value for patients with abnormal findings on all three tests was 64.3%, which is significantly higher than that for patients with any other combination of findings (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that the combination of DRE, serum PSA and TRUS is useful for the detection of organ-confined prostate cancer, and that TRUS and TRUS-guided prostate biopsy combined with systematic biopsy should be performed in patients with abnormal findings for both DRE and PSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Correlation of transrectal ultrasound imaging and the results of systematic biopsy with pathological examination of radical prostatectomy specimens.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and systematic biopsy by correlating these results with pathological findings after radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pre-operative TRUS examination combined with the findings on systematic biopsy in 15 patients (mean age 70.6 years, range 57-87) who underwent radical prostatectomy between October 1992 and February 1994 were compared retrospectively to the histological features of whole mount sections of the surgical specimens. RESULTS: In all cases, the tumour was visualized as a hypoechoic area on the sonogram. In addition, in six of 15 cases the tumour was localized in an isoechoic area which was examined before the operation by systematic biopsy. In this series, a systematic biopsy before operating detected tumour grade and localization of the tumour in 14 and 15 patients, respectively. The positive predictive value of capsular penetration and seminal vesicle invasion on the sonogram was 0.71 and 1.00, respectively, while sensitivity was 1.00 and 0.33, respectively. Five of seven patients with findings of capsular penetration on the sonogram revealed capsular penetration in the resected prostate, whereas, of three patients with pathologically detected seminal vesical invasion, only one had findings of seminal vesicle invasion by ultrasonography. The serum prostate specific antigen level of all three patients was more than 30 ng/mL. Moreover, in this series of 15 patients TRUS detected the precise stage in 11 patients. In the remaining four patients, two were overstaged and two were understaged. Tumours with hypoechogenicity were of higher grade and larger than tumours with isoechogenicity. All tumours with hypoechogenicity were palpable and all with isoechogenicity were not. CONCLUSIONS: TRUS combined with a systematic biopsy was useful in predicting tumour grade, exact location and capsular penetration. However, it was not useful for determining tumour stage or predicting seminal vesicle invasion of prostate cancer. TRUS-guided seminal vesicle biopsy must be performed in patients with a serum prostate specific antigen of more than 30 ng/mL.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Clinicopathological study of incidental renal cell carcinoma].

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological features of incidental renal cell carcinoma, compared with non-incidental carcinoma. METHODS: Between July 1st, 1984 and June 30, 1994, 87 renal cell carcinoma patients were treated at our hospital; 56 had non-incidental renal cell carcinoma and 31 had incidental carcinoma. The clinicopathological features were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of incidental cancer ranges from 0 to 66%, and the incidence has increased in recent years. The median value of maximal tumor size was 4.0cm (1.5 approximately 8.0cm) for incidental cancer, and 8.0cm (3.0 approximately 16cm) for incidental cancer, and 8.0cm (3.0 approximately 16cm) for non-incidental cancer, i.e., the incidental cancer was significantly smaller than the non-incidental one (p < 0.001). The pathological stage of the resected non-incidental renal cell carcinoma (n = 47) was pT1, pT2, pT3 and pT4 in 0, 23, 21 and 3 patients, respectively. For the resected incidental renal cell carcinoma (n = 31) 3, 26, 2 and 0 patients showed pathological stages pT1, pT2, pT3 and pT4, respectively; the pathological stage of incidental renal cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that of non-incidental carcinoma (p < 0.001). Eighteen and 29 resected non-incidental renal cell carcinoma were grades 1 and 2, respectively, whereas 17 and 14 resected incidental renal cell carcinomas were in grades 1 and 2, respectively. Vascular invasion by tumor cells was shown in 31 (66.0%) and 8 (25.8%) patients with non-incidental and incidental renal cell carcinomas, respectively; the incidence of vascular invasion in incidental cancer being significantly lower than in non-incidental cancer (p < 0.001). The performance status and general condition in patients with incidental renal cell carcinoma were superior to those in patients with the non-incidental cancer. The 1, 3 and 5-year survival rate of all 87 renal cell carcinoma patients was 81, 62 and 57%, respectively. These rates for patients with non-incidental renal cell carcinoma were 72, 48 and 41%, respectively, and those for incidental cancer patients were 100%. The survival of patients with incidental renal cell carcinoma was significantly better than that of non-incidental carcinoma patients (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the detection of incidental renal cell carcinoma will increase, and that the prognosis for renal cell carcinoma will improve. However, even in incidental renal cell carcinoma, careful long-term follow up may be necessary, since some tumors are comparatively large and exhibit vascular invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Bilateral peripelvic fat simulating renal pelvic tumor.

Lipomas are benign tumors which may simulate peripelvic masses and usually originate in the renal cortex or the perirenal adipose tissue. Excessive proliferation of the peripelvic fat of the kidney simulating a renal pelvic tumor was detected in our case, illustrating a rare instance in which the kidney was salvaged.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Human recombinant interferons-beta and -gamma decrease gelatinase production and invasion by human KG-2 renal-carcinoma cells.

We investigated the effects of human recombinant interferons (r-IFNs) on gelatinase production and invasion by human renal-cell carcinoma (HRCC). Incubation of KG-2 HRCC with human r-IFN-beta or -gamma (but not -alpha) suppressed transcription of the 72-kDa gelatinase gene and, hence, production of gelatinase activity. These inhibitory effects of interferons (IFNs) were independent of their antiproliferative effects. Treatment of KG-2 cell with r-IFN-beta or -gamma significantly inhibited cell invasion through reconstituted basement membrane toward chemoattractants produced by kidney fibroblasts. The inhibitory activity of r-IFNs was specific to the KG-2 cells since gelatinase activity by various fibroblasts was unaffected. These findings suggest that r-IFN-beta or IFN-gamma may be used to inhibit the invasive potential of HRCC.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1994

Malignant gonadal stromal tumor.

A case of malignant gonadal stromal tumor is reported, and the 24 cases reported in the English and Japanese literature are reviewed. A thirty-four-year-old male visited our hospital with a painless tumor in the left scrotum. Left high orchiectomy was performed under a diagnosis of testicular tumor, and histologic examination of the resected specimen demonstrated that it was a malignant gonadal stromal tumor. There has been no evidence of disease for forty-one months following surgery. Of the 15 cases reported in the English literature, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed in 3 cases, and metastasis was present in the resected lymph nodes in 2 of the cases. These 3 patients survived with no evidence of disease for follow-up periods ranging between six months and five years. However, lymph node metastasis was observed in 5 of 6 patients who underwent orchiectomy alone or in combination with radiation to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The 3 patients described in the Japanese literature who had received high orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection survived with no evidence of disease for follow-up periods ranging from eighteen months to forty-one months following surgery. These findings indicate that retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is useful as a treatment for malignant gonadal stromal tumor. However, the prognosis for patients with advanced disease is very poor, because neither chemotherapy nor radiotherapy is effective. Corroborative study of many patients is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of malignant gonadal stromal tumor and to develop useful treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Preoperative computerized tomography detection of extensive invasion of the inferior vena cava by renal cell carcinoma: possible indication for resection with partial cardiopulmonary bypass and patch grafting.

The relationship of the diameter of the inferior vena cava as measured by computerized tomography (CT) and tumor invasion of the inferior vena caval wall was determined in patients with renal cell carcinoma. In addition, the indications and usefulness of surgery using partial cardiopulmonary bypass and a polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) patch graft are discussed. In all 7 patients with an inferior vena caval diameter of 40 mm. or larger on CT tumor had extensively invaded the vessel wall macroscopically and microscopically. Therefore, resection of the inferior vena caval wall and repair with a patch graft were necessary. Partial cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 6 of these 7 patients. On the other hand, of 11 patients with an inferior vena cava less than 40 mm. in diameter only 2 with extensive tumor invasion of the vessel wall underwent a patch graft procedure without partial cardiopulmonary bypass. One patient who had massive hemorrhage before bypass was started died while in a coma. The survival of the remaining patients ranged from 6 to 131 months (median 19 months). Blood loss in patients who underwent surgery with partial cardiopulmonary bypass was much less than that in patients without bypass. In our series, there were no complications related to the graft itself and graft patency was excellent. Our results indicate that an inferior vena caval diameter of 40 mm. or more on CT probably indicates extensive tumor invasion. Although further experience and observation are necessary to evaluate whether partial cardiopulmonary bypass and/or a patch graft improves the prognosis of patients with extensive inferior vena caval invasion by renal cell carcinoma, this method was relatively safe and decreased blood loss.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Regulation of gelatinase production in metastatic renal cell carcinoma by organ-specific fibroblasts.

We have recently established a human renal cell carcinoma KG-2 line that is tumorigenic in the subcutis (ectopic) and kidney (orthotopic) of nude mice but spontaneously metastasizes to the lung only after orthotopic implantation. KG-2 cells growing in the kidney (orthotopic) and lung metastases secreted higher levels of gelatinase than did cells growing in the subcutis (ectopic). We examined whether organ-specific fibroblasts play a role in the regulation of gelatinase production and invasion by renal carcinoma cells. The gelatinase level in the culture supernatants of KG-2 cells was increased by their cultivation with mouse kidney or lung fibroblasts. In contrast, cocultivation of KG-2 cells with mouse skin fibroblasts resulted in a significant reduction of gelatinase activity. Similar results were obtained by culturing KG-2 cells in the media conditioned by the different mouse fibroblasts. We, therefore, investigated effects on KG-2 cells of cytokines and growth factors known to be produced by fibroblasts of various origins. Of ten cytokines and growth factors tested, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) stimulated gelatinase expression by the cultured KG-2 cells. Parallel immunohistochemical analyses revealed that mouse kidney and lung fibroblasts produced higher levels of TGF-beta 1 than did skin fibroblasts. These results indicate that gelatinase production by KG-2 renal cell carcinoma cells is influenced by the organ microenvironment. Specifically, organ-specific fibroblasts regulate the production of degradative enzymes by KG-2 cells and, hence, profoundly influence their invasive and metastatic capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Role of organ specific fibroblasts in metastasis of human renal cell carcinoma: regulation of type IV collagenase production from human renal cell carcinoma by organ specific fibroblasts].

An orthotopic metastatic human renal cell carcinoma model in nude mice was established to evaluate the mechanism of metastasis as a preliminary phase in the development of a treatment to prevent cancer metastasis. The effect of host fibroblasts from different organs on the production of type IV collagenase by human renal cell carcinoma and the factors which influenced the enzyme production and secretion by fibroblasts were also investigated. KG-2 cells were established from human renal cell carcinoma, and produced tumors following implantation to both the subrenal capsular space (orthotopic site) and subcutis (ectopic site). Histologically, the tumors in the subcuit (SC tumors) were well encapsulated with a thick fibrous capsule and did not produce metastasis or invasion, whereas those in the subrenal capsular space (SRC tumors) lacked a fibrous capsule and produced metastasis at the lung or regional lymph nodes. The production of type IV collagenase in conditioned media from metastatic SRC tumors and lung metastatic lesions was larger than that from non-metastatic SC tumors. The conditioned media separated from mouse kidney or lung fibroblasts stimulated the production of type IV collagenase by KG-2 cells, whereas, that separated from mouse skin fibroblasts decreased the enzyme production. The production of type IV collagenase by KG-2 cells was stimulated by cocultured KG-2 cells and fibroblasts from the kidney or lung, whereas it was suppressed by cocultured KG-2 cells and skin fibroblasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical study of total prostatectomy for prostatic cancer].

Total retropubic prostatectomy was performed on 31 patients with prostatic cancer (median age; 70 years). The accuracy of staging was 55% (17 patients). In 11 patients (35%) the staging had been underestimated, and in 3 patients (10%) overestimated. The pathological stage and grade were stage B in 14 patients, stage C in 4 patients, stage D1 in 13 patients (pN1; 8 patients, pN2; 5 patients), well differentiated adenocarcinoma (WDA) in 8 patients moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (MDA) in 7 patients, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA) in 16 patients. The WDA were all stage B, and 85% of the PDA were stage D1. The positive surgical margin rate was 21% in stage B, 50% in stage C, 85% in stage D1, 13% in WDA, 43% in MDA, and 75% in PDA. Five of the patients died, and the causes of death were prostatic cancer in 2 patients (pN2/PDA), and others in 3 patients (1 patient; stage B/PDA, 2 patients; pN2/PDA). The 5-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 84% on the whole, 83% for stage B, 100% for stage C, 83% for stage D1, 100% for WDA, 100% for MDA, 71% for PDA, 86% for pN0, 100% for pN1, and 38% for pN2.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

A case of papillary renal cell carcinoma suggestive of Bellini duct origin.

A case of Bellini duct carcinoma is reported. A left renal tumor was detected by abdominal computerized tomography in a 76-year-old male, although he had no symptoms, such as hematuria, weight loss or flank pain. Radical nephrectomy was performed under the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma in the left kidney. Macroscopic examination of the resected kidney revealed a tumor 2.0 cm in diameter, with a yellow-brown cut surface, located in the renal medulla. Histological examinations showed malignant tumor cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm with a papillary growth pattern. Immunohistostaining examinations using Lectin and two kinds of monoclonal antibodies demonstrated no significant staining with soybean agglutinin, peanut agglutinin, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin or cytokeratin, and negative staining with Tamm-Horsfall protein. Although the results of immunohistostaining did not provide support, both macroscopic and microscopic findings strongly suggested that this tumor originated from Bellini duct epithelium (Bellini duct carcinoma). The patient is alive with no evidence of disease 1 year after surgery. Bellini duct carcinoma is a rare malignant condition and the prognosis is usually poor. Differential diagnosis from other renal or pelvic tumors is difficult and long-term careful follow-up is necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Establishment and characterization of a new human renal cell carcinoma cell line (KG-2) and metastatic model in nude mice].

A new cultured cell line (KG-2) derived from human renal cell carcinoma and a metastatic model in nude mice were studied. KG-2 was cultured from renal cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma) of the left kidney. In vitro doubling time of KG-2 was approximately 50 hours. KG-2 cells produced tumors in both the subcutaneous and renal sub-capsular space in nude mice, with tumorigenicity of 75%, showing no difference between the two sites. Histologically, tumors formed in the subcutaneous sites were hypovascular granular cell carcinoma. Moreover, each tumor was encapsulated by a thick fibrous capsule and never produced distant metastasis or invasion into the surrounding tissue. However, tumors formed in the subrenal capsular space were clear cell carcinoma. These tumors were hypervascular, and produced distant metastases. The most common metastatic site was the lung. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-human collagenase type IV antibody on tumors formed in subcutaneous and subrenal capsular sites demonstrated that the expression of this enzyme in tumors formed in the subrenal capsular space was much higher than that in tumors formed in the subcutaneous site. Additionally, immunohistochemical study using anti-mouse collagen type IV antibody, a major components of the vascular wall, demonstrated many small densely growing vessels in tumors formed in the subrenal capsular space. In contrast, few vessels were produced in tumors formed in subcutaneous sites. These findings suggest that factors relating to the different injection sites may regulate the production of collagenase type IV secreted by KG-2 cells and neovascularity in nude mice. This metastatic model may be useful in the study of the mechanism of cancer metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive urothelial cancer: experience with a methotrexate, vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and bleomycin (MVP-CAB) regimen: a preliminary report.

MVP-CAB chemotherapy (methotrexate, vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and bleomycin) was administered to 28 patients with high grade, locally-invasive or regional lymph node-involved urothelial cancer as an adjuvant therapy after radical surgery. The median follow-up period of all the evaluated patients was 24 (range, 5-62) months. The median disease-free durations in patients with pT1b+2+3 bladder and upper urothelial cancer were 26 and 22 months, respectively. In contrast, all patients with pT4 disease or lymph node metastases had a recurrence within 24 months of surgery. The median disease-free durations in patients with pure transitional cell carcinoma (grade 3) of the bladder and upper urothelial cancer were 19 and 18 months, respectively. The median disease-free duration in patients with grade 3 pT1b+2+3 pure transitional cell carcinoma was 19 months. In contrast, the median disease-free duration in bladder cancer patients with pT1b+2+3 squamous cell carcinoma components was 35 months. The three-year actuarial survival rates were 79 and 89% for pT1b+2+3 bladder and upper urothelial cancer, respectively, while the three-year actuarial survival rates of patients with pT4 bladder cancer and pT4 upper urothelial cancer were 0 and 100%, respectively. The two-year actuarial survivals in the bladder cancer and upper urothelial cancer patients with lymph node involvement were 0 and 100%, respectively. The three-year actuarial survivals of patients with pure transitional cell carcinoma (grade 3) were 53 and 80% in bladder cancer and upper urothelial cancer patients, respectively. The three-year actuarial survival rate in patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma components which did not recur was, however, 100%. Although randomized studies comparing MVP-CAB and M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastin, adriamycin and cisplatin) or other chemotherapeutic regimens will be necessary, we believe our results indicate that MVP-CAB chemotherapy may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for patients with urothelial cancer, including those with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma components. More intensive MVP-CAB chemotherapy, i.e., increasing the dose of cisplatin and giving at least five courses, as well as the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and a new antiemetic drug (granisetron), will, however, be necessary for patients with pT4 or lymph node-involved disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma with elevated serum basic fetoprotein: a case report.

A case of paratesticular leiomyosarcoma associated with elevated serum basic fetoprotein level is reported. A 45-year-old male visited our hospital with a 6-month history of a painless left scrotal mass. High orchiectomy was performed under the diagnosis of left testicular tumor. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the resected tumor demonstrated it to be paratesticular leiomyosarcoma. The value of serum basic fetoprotein, which is a newly identified oncofetal protein and useful as a tumor marker in some kinds of malignant neoplasm, was elevated before therapy, and its fluctuation was correlated with his clinical course. In spite of chemotherapy and resection of metastatic lesions in the lung, his condition gradually deteriorate with increasing serum basic fetoprotein level, and he died with carcinomatosis 2 years and 6 months after his admission. We suggest that basic fetoprotein is a useful tumor marker in this disease.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗