[Does something go wrong with the hands in bicycling?].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Gill
Publications and source records attributed to K Gill.
Bone ingrowth into porous calcium phosphate ceramics: influence of pulsing electromagnetic field.
The effect of a pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) on bone ingrowth into porous hydroxyapatite (HA) and porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) implanted in rabbit tibiae was studied. To quantitate the biological response, a recently developed method of surface measurement using a scanning electron microscope was used. The morphometrical findings in the HA pores demonstrated a significantly greater amount of bone and thicker bone trabeculae in the PEMF group as compared with the nonpulsed control group at 3 to 4 weeks postimplantation. No significant differences for these parameters were found in the TCP pores. Histologically, more bone and wider bone trabeculae were observed in the HA implants for the PEMF-treated animals at the early time periods when compared with those of the control animals. Alternatively, the histological findings of the TCP implants were similar between these two groups. These histological results tended to correlate with the morphometrical data. Together, these results suggest that accelerated bone formation and bone maturation occurred in response to PEMF in the HA pores but was without effect in the TCP pores. This stimulatory effect is most significant after 3-4 weeks of PEMF stimulation.
Animals↗
Synovial fluid crystals.
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Repeatability of four clinical methods for assessment of lumbar spinal motion.
Spinal motion usually is recorded from subjective observation of the fully flexed trunk using a goniometer or the distance from the fingertips to the floor. To quantify functional improvement in the low-back pain patient, the repeatability of four clinical techniques was studied: the common fingertip-to-floor distance; the modified Schober; the two-inclinometer method, and a photometric technique. Ten normal subjects (five men, five women), ages 24 to 34 years old, were examined in full flexion, full extension, and the erect position, both standing and sitting. Repeatability was poor for the fingertip-to-floor method in all postures and for the two-inclinometer method in full flexion. Although other methods for various postures had good repeatability, the modified Schober method of determining lumbar spinal motion was the most repeatable and is recommended for a routine, noninvasive, clinical evaluation of lumbar spinal motion.
Adult↗
Posterior plating of the cervical spine. A biomechanical comparison of different posterior fusion techniques.
Posterior arthrodesis is a preferred treatment for posttraumatic instability of the cervical spine. While most surgical constructs yield predictably high rates of fusion in satisfactory alignment, certain injury patterns involving fractures of the lamina or spinous processes may preclude rigid immobilization by simple wiring techniques. Plate fixation of the posterolateral masses has been advocated for such injuries. The purpose of this biomechanical study was to test the relative stiffness provided by different posterior fusion constructs, including lateral mass plating. All testing was performed on fresh, unembalmed cadaveric spines divided into two vertebral segment units. Muscular tissue was stripped from the specimens, but all discal and ligamentous structures were preserved. Four different posterior fixation constructs were tested. These included 1) Rogers interspinous wiring, 2) Halifax laminar clamps, 3) bilateral 1/3 tubular plates on the lateral masses, using unicortical screws, and 4) bilateral 1/3 tubular plates on the lateral masses, using bicortical screws. Stiffness measurements were taken in both flexion and extension on all specimens. Yield strength and fatigue strength of the spines were not measured. It was found that 1/3 tubular plates secured with bicortical screws to the lateral masses provided the highest mean stiffness. Less stiffness was found in spines stabilized by Halifax clamps, interspinous wiring, and plates secured with unicortical screws. There was, however, no statistically significant difference in stiffness provided by any of these four implants. It was concluded that there is no advantage in plate fixation over standard fusion constructs in augmenting the stiffness of posterior fixation of the cervical spine.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
[Minor complaints in family medicine: hordeolum].
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Cysts↗
Hemophagocytosis secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
A patient with hemophagocytosis secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is described. This adds another entity to the already protean manifestations of M. pneumoniae infection.
Adult↗
Undertreatment of asthma in Dutch general practice.
The relationships between the medication prescribed and four measures of morbidity were assessed in 150 Dutch patients with asthma in general practice. Undertreatment was operationalized as a discrepancy between medication and morbidity severity. Of the patients, 11.3% were undertreated as measured by the number of days during which activities were interrupted by asthmatic symptoms. Additional measures such as the number of nights interrupted by asthma, number of attacks and episodes of wheezing, indicated that 28.0%, 24.0% and 34.5% of the patients respectively were undertreated. It is concluded that asthma seems to be undertreated in general practice in The Netherlands, a finding which is consistent with research on this subject in the UK and other countries. Possible reasons for the persistence of undertreatment of asthma are discussed, and suggestions for overcoming it are offered.
Adolescent↗
Effects of serotonin uptake blockade on food, water, and ethanol consumption in rats.
Previous research has demonstrated that the serotonin uptake blocker, zimeldine, reduced voluntary ethanol consumption in rats and humans. It has been suggested that zimeldine interfered with the processes that mediate the reinforcement derived from ethanol ingestion. However, there are considerable data which suggest that serotonergic pharmacological agents may produce a general inhibition of food and fluid consumption. The present investigation was therefore designed to directly examine the effects of zimeldine on food intake. The results indicated that zimeldine had a potent anorexic action. Furthermore, the drug appeared to primarily affect food intake, with secondary decreases in the fluid most closely associated with prandial drinking. The results were discussed in terms of the effects of serotonin uptake blockade on motivational processes in general.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Conditioned taste aversion to ethanol induced by zimeldine.
Conditioned taste aversions (CTA) were induced to both ethanol and saccharin solutions with the serotonin uptake inhibitor Zimeldine. When animals were pretreated with Zimeldine prior to the presentation of a novel flavour a CTA did not result. However, there is evidence that Zimeldine induces an unconditioned suppression of drinking. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to Zimeldine's effects on voluntary ethanol consumption.
5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
Voluntary ethanol consumption in rats: an examination of blood/brain ethanol levels and behavior.
The temporal pattern of food, water, and ethanol consumption was examined in rats maintained on a 24-hr ethanol access schedule. These data demonstrated that rats consume ethanol in discrete, short bouts mainly during the lights-out cycle. Simulation of a single ethanol drinking bout was carried out by limiting ethanol access to a short time period each day. Detectable levels of blood and brain ethanol were observed following these individual drinking bouts. Behavioral evidence is provided indicating that rats drink ethanol in quantities sufficient to produce pharmacological effects.
Alcohol Drinking↗
Classification of injuries to the thoracolumbar spine.
Significant advances have been made over the past 40 years in the understanding of the pathoanatomy, biomechanics, and neurophysiology of thoracolumbar injuries. These improvements are reflected in the sophisticated classifications currently in use. Yet, we remain in a transitional phase of our classification of these fractures. Future schemes will probably offer two precise classifications--one neurologic and one structural--for every injury.
Fractures, Bone↗
Murine megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor: its relationship to interleukin 3.
A protocol for the partial purification of murine megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor from WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium is described. The procedure involving separation by anion exchange chromatography and molecular sieving on Sephadex G100, gave a 260-fold purification over starting material, as determined by in-vitro megakaryocyte colony formation. Fifty percent of maximum colony numbers were obtained at a dose of 1 microgram protein/ml. Electrophoretic analysis of the partially purified preparation followed by silver nitrate staining revealed four major protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 67 Kd, 43 Kd, 38 Kd and 28 Kd. All megakaryocyte colony stimulating activity and interleukin 3 activity was found in the 22-25 Kd fraction from a preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel using non-reducing conditions, a molecular weight range that coincided with the 28-Kd molecule obtained when reducing conditions were employed.
Animals↗
Induction of stable L-forms of Salmonella typhi and Listeria monocytogenes.
Stable L-forms of Salmonella typhi and Listeria monocytogenes were produced using penicillin (4500 units/ml) as inducer, and sucrose, normal horse serum and Mg++ as stabilizers. Stable L-forms were produced after 100 and 56 passages, then adapted to grow and multiply in a medium free of inducer and stabilizers so that they did not revert to parental forms even after 12 continuous passages.
L Forms↗
A biomechanical comparison of various methods of stabilization of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur.
Subtrochanteric femoral fractures with and without bony contact were simulated in cadaver specimens, fixed with one of seven different types of intramedullary or plate implants, and tested biomechanically. The implants used were Enders pins, Zickel nail, compression hip screw, AO angled blade plate, and intramedullary locked nail systems of the Klemm-Schellman, Brooker-Wills, and Grosse-Kempf types. Femur-implant constructs using intramedullary devices were a maximum of 5% as stiff in torsion as intact cadaveric femora tested in the same manner, while plate-fixed fractures were nearly 50% as stiff. In bending, all devices except the Enders pins were approximately 80% as stiff as intact femora. Loss of bony contact at the fracture site had little effect on stiffness except in the case of the keyless compression hip screw, where the screw rotated freely in the barrel. In combined bending and compression to failure, a test to simulate forces due to body weight, the intramedullary locked rods were found to support between 300 and 400% of body weight while the plate systems failed at loads between 100 and 200% of body weight.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
Selective depletion of norepinephrine in brain by N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine fails to alter the voluntary consumption of ethanol in rats.
The effects of the selective norepinephrine neurotoxin, DSP-4, on the maintenance of voluntary consumption of ethanol was tested in male Long-Evans rats. The drug, DSP-4, produced a 51% reduction in whole brain levels of NE without affecting the consumption of ethanol. These results, however, do not rule out a role for NE in mediating this behavior.
Alcohol Drinking↗