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Biomedical subjects

K Galvin

Publications and source records attributed to K Galvin.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Retinoblastoma and p53 tumor suppressor genes in human hepatoma cell lines.

We analyzed the status of retinoblastoma and p53 genes in 10 human hepatoma cell lines. Polyclonal anti-peptide antibodies generated against peptides homologous to COOH-terminal and leucine-zipper domains of the retinoblastoma protein allowed us to identify two cell lines (Hep 3B and FOCUS) with abnormal expression. The same cell lines have both lacked p53 expression. In contrast to the retinoblastoma gene, the expression of the p53 gene was abnormal in six additional cell lines. Indeed, only the Hep G2 hepatoblastoma cell line (and its derivative Hep G2/2215) appeared to have normal p53 and retinoblastoma gene expression. Our studies indicate that p53 abnormalities are common but retinoblastoma gene aberrations are rare in human hepatoma cell lines.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

The major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-binding protein p88 is the product of the calnexin gene.

A 90-kDa phosphoprotein (p90) of the endoplasmic reticulum was identified by a monoclonal antibody generated against human hepatoma cells. Pulse-chase experiments with [32P]phosphate and [35S]methionine demonstrated that p90 formed both stable and transient complexes with other cellular proteins, suggesting its role as a molecular chaperone. This protein associates with heavy chains of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins, suggesting that it is the human homolog of the recently described 88-kDa protein that transiently associates with murine class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum. The p90 protein also associates in B lymphocytes with membrane immunoglobulin mu heavy chains and may serve as a chaperone for many membrane-bound polypeptides. A partial human p90 cDNA was cloned from a lambda gt11 expression library and identified as the human homolog of calnexin, a major canine calcium-binding protein found to be associated with the signal-sequence receptor in endoplasmic reticulum membranes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Identification of polymorphic simple sequence repeats in the genome of the zebrafish.

The zebrafish has drawn a great deal of attention as a developmental system because it offers the ability to combine excellent embryology and genetics. Here, we report that simple sequence repeats are abundant in the zebrafish genome and are highly polymorphic between two outbred lines, making them useful markers for the construction of a genetic map of this organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Teicoplanin vs cephradine and metronidazole in the prophylaxis of sepsis following vascular surgery: an interim analysis of an ongoing trial.

This paper presents further preliminary results of a trial of the prophylaxis of sepsis in 165 patients undergoing vascular surgery. The efficacy and safety of a single dose of teicoplanin was examined and compared with three doses of cephradine plus metronidazole. No significant differences were detected in the prophylactic efficacy in either group. The first interim report indicated abnormalities in liver function, maximum at 7 days, in both groups. These findings are confirmed in this second interim report. Raised levels of GGT and alkaline phosphatase are more prominent in patients receiving teicoplanin. Liver function improved by 28 days, however, suggesting that any abnormality is transient.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Variability in protection afforded by half-mask respirators against styrene exposure in the field.

Concentrations of styrene were measured in the breathing zone and inside the facepiece of air-purifying half-mask respirators of 13 workers for three to six 1-hr periods while they were engaged in the production of fiberglass-reinforced products. These data were used to estimate the protection afforded by the respirators. In arriving at these estimates, it was necessary to correct the concentration measured inside the mask for pulmonary retention of styrene by the workers. Workers were classified as sprayers or as other production line workers not directly carrying out spraying operations. An analysis of variance showed no evidence of differences in the level of protection afforded by the respirators between the two job classes. A second analysis of variance showed that protection varied between workers as well as for a single worker during different wearing periods. The geometric standard deviation (GSD) between workers was 1.92, the common within-worker GSD was 2.93, and the total GSD was 3.51. One-half of a population of wearers with similar protection would be expected to experience long-term average workplace protection factors in excess of 44 and one-half below that value. The observation of between-worker and within-worker variability in protection indicates that both sources of variability have to be taken into account in the specification of maximum use concentrations.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Enhanced expression of the protein kinase substrate p36 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

A basic phosphoprotein defined by a monoclonal antibody named AF5 was found to be highly abundant in human hepatocellular carcinoma by Western immunoblotting. Under the same conditions, the levels of this phosphoprotein were low or undetectable in normal liver extracts. The AF5 antibody was used to screen a cDNA expression library of a human hepatoma cell line named FOCUS. A 960-base-pair cDNA was isolated and found to be a partial cDNA encoding the human protein-tyrosine kinase substrate p36, also known as lipocortin II. p36 expression was highly abundant in hepatocellular carcinomas at both the transcript and protein levels. Its expression was not induced significantly during rat liver regeneration following a partial hepatectomy. These results suggest that the induction of p36 expression is associated with malignant transformation of hepatocytes. p36 was previously shown to be phosphorylated upon transformation of normal fibroblasts by retroviral oncogenes without significant modulation of expression. We report here the initial description of the association of increased p36 expression with malignant transformation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of teicoplanin vs. cephradine and metronidazole in surgical prophylaxis: an interim analysis.

The preliminary results of a trial to examine and compare the safety, tolerability and efficacy of a single dose of teicoplanin with three doses of cephradine combined with metronidazole are presented in a series of 113 patients undergoing elective vascular surgery. There were no obvious differences in the infection rates and sepsis indicators in either group. Neither drug regimen produced any evidence of renal or hepatic damage, though the levels of three hepatocellular enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), were seen to be transiently elevated, peaking 7 days post-operatively. The trial continues.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1988

Urine toxicology as a predictor of continuation in outpatient alcoholism treatment.

Urine for toxicology was obtained from 93% of 62 alcoholics (60 males, 2 females) applying for alcoholism treatment. Fourteen urines were positive, with cocaine (35%) and minor tranquilizers (35%) being most common. History of drug use did not correlate with toxicology results nor was there an association with simultaneously obtained alcohol levels. Treatment outcome was analyzed retrospectively at 4 months. Subjects were more likely to remain in outpatient therapy if the screening urine toxicology was negative.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of brazil, pecan, pine, pistachio and cashew nuts.

Nuts contain bioactive constituents that elicit cardio-protective effects including phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. The objective of the present study was to determine the total oil content, peroxide value, fatty acid composition and levels of tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols in oil extracted from freshly ground brazil, pecan, pine, pistachio and cashew nuts. The total oil content of the nuts ranged from 40.4 to 60.8% (w/w) while the peroxide values ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 mEq O2/kg oil. The most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1), while linoleic acid (C18:2) was the most prevalent polyunsaturated fatty acid. The levels of total tocopherols ranged from 60.8 to 291.0 mg/g. Squalene ranged from 39.5 mg/g oil in the pine nut to 1377.8 mg/g oil in the brazil nut. beta-Sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 1325.4 to 4685.9 mg/g oil. In conclusion, the present data indicate that nuts are a good dietary source of unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, squalene and phytosterols.

Anacardium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health care support workers in the critical care setting.

The 1999/2000 winter demands on the NHS have once again highlighted deficits in UK critical care provision (Daily Telegraph, 2000; London Evening Standard, 2000) Recent years have seen the development of the role of health care support workers in the NHS; some critical care units now employ health care support workers This research examined the views of critical care unit staff on the introduction of health care support workers into the critical care unit It is concluded that the role is viable within the setting of this study A framework is outlined that could form the basis for a critical care health care support worker training programme

Attitude of Health Personnel↗