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K Galley

Publications and source records attributed to K Galley.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Walker mutations reveal loose relationship between catalytic and channel-gating activities of purified CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator).

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions as an ATPase and as a chloride channel. It has been hypothesized, on the basis of electrophysiological findings, that the catalytic activity of CFTR is tightly coupled to the opening and closing of the channel gate. In the present study, to determine the structural basis for the ATPase activity of CFTR, we assessed the effect of mutations within the "Walker A" consensus motifs on ATP hydrolysis by the purified, intact protein. Mutation of the lysine residue in the "Walker A" motif of either the first nucleotide binding fold (CFTRK464A) or the second nucleotide binding fold (CFTRK1250A) inhibited the ATPase activity of the purified intact CFTR protein significantly, by greater than 50%. This finding suggests that the two nucleotide binding folds of CFTR are functioning cooperatively in catalysis. However, the rate of channel gating was only significantly inhibited in one of these purified mutants, CFTRK1250A, suggesting that ATPase activity may not be tightly coupled to channel gating as previously hypothesized.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1999

ClC-2 activation modulates regulatory volume decrease.

ClC-2 belongs to a large family of chloride channels and its expression in certain cell types is associated with the appearance of swelling-activated chloride (Cl-) currents. In the present report, we examined the hypothesis that ClC-2 plays a role in regulatory volume decrease by expressing ClC-2 in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus system. First, we showed that ClC-2 protein expression is associated with appearance of a Cl- conductance which is activated by hypo-osmotic shock and can be distinguished from swelling-activated chloride currents endogenous to Sf9 cells on the basis of its pharmacology and specific inhibition by an anti-ClC-2 antibody. Second, we show that the rate of regulatory volume decrease is significantly enhanced in Sf9 cells expressing ClC-2 protein. Hence, our data support the hypothesis that ClC-2 is capable of mediating regulatory volume decrease.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1998

A conserved region of the R domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is important in processing and function.

The R domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) connects the two halves of the protein, each of which possess a transmembrane-spanning domain and a nucleotide binding domain. Phosphorylation of serine residues, which reside mostly within the C-terminal two-thirds of the R domain, is required for nucleotide-dependent activation of CFTR chloride channel activity. The N terminus of the R domain is also likely to be important in CFTR function, since this region is highly conserved among CFTRs of different species and exhibits sequence similarity with the "linker region" of the related protein, P-glycoprotein. To date, however, the role of this region in CFTR channel function remains unknown. In this paper, we report the effects of five disease-causing mutations within the N terminus of the CFTR-R domain. All five mutants exhibit defective protein processing in mammalian HEK-293 cells, suggesting that they are mislocalized and fail to reach the cell surface. However, in the Xenopus oocyte, three mutants reached the plasma membrane. One of these mutants, L619S, exhibits no detectable function, whereas the other two, D614G and I618T, exhibit partial activity as chloride channels. Single channel analysis of these latter two mutants revealed that they possess defective rates of channel opening, consistent with the hypothesis that the N terminus of the R domain participates in ATP-dependent channel gating. These findings support recent structural models that include this region within extended boundaries of the first nucleotide binding domain.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1997

A novel procedure for the efficient purification of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).

This report describes a novel, single-step strategy for the purification of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator from Sf9 cells, which will facilitate studies of the structure-function relationships of this clinically important molecule. The new method combines the use of the novel detergent sodium pentadecafluoro-octanoate with metal-affinity chromatography to produce a high yield of purified protein which can be functionally reconstituted as a chloride channel and an ATPase.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1997

Coupling of ATP hydrolysis with channel gating by purified, reconstituted CFTR.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel situated on the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Our recent studies of purified, reconstituted CFTR revealed that it also functions as an ATPase and that there may be coupling between ATP hydrolysis and channel gating. Both the ATP turnover rate and channel gating are slow, in the range of 0.2 to 1 s(-1), and both activities are suppressed in a disease-causing mutation situated in a putative nucleotide binding motif. Our future studies using purified protein will be directed toward understanding the structural basis and mechanism for coupling between hydrolysis and channel function.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

ATPase activity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

The gene mutated in cystic fibrosis codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cyclic AMP-activated chloride channel thought to be critical for salt and water transport by epithelial cells. Plausible models exist to describe a role for ATP hydrolysis in CFTR channel activity; however, biochemical evidence that CFTR possesses intrinsic ATPase activity is lacking. In this study, we report the first measurements of the rate of ATP hydrolysis by purified, reconstituted CFTR. The mutation CFTRG551D resides within a motif conserved in many nucleotidases and is known to cause severe human disease. Following reconstitution the mutant protein exhibited both defective ATP hydrolysis and channel gating, providing direct evidence that CFTR utilizes ATP to gate its channel activity.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗