Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K G Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to K G Taylor.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Comparison of the hypotensive and metabolic effects of bendrofluazide therapy and a high fibre, low fat, low sodium diet in diabetic subjects with mild hypertension.

Fifty diabetic patients with mild hypertension were treated by a high fibre, low fat and low sodium diet or bendrofluazide for a three-month period. These two well-matched groups had a similar highly significant decrease in both systolic (P less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001). Both groups lost weight, the weight loss being greater in those receiving dietary therapy. Only dietary therapy was associated with a significant elevation of HDL2 level (P less than 0.05) and decrease in glycosylated haemoglobin (P less than 0.01). Bendrofluazide therapy resulted in significant elevation of glycosylated haemoglobin level (P less than 0.05) and at the end of the study this group had significantly higher glycosylated haemoglobin level (P less than 0.05) than the diet treated group. In those patients who were also hyperlipidaemic, dietary therapy resulted in a significant decrease of mean serum cholesterol (P less than 0.02), triglyceride (P less than 0.01) and glycosylated haemoglobin (P less than 0.01) while bendrofluazide treatment tended to elevate these levels. We conclude that a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regimen lowers blood pressure, improves several other coronary risk factors and appears free of side-effects. This modified diet may be an attractive alternative to thiazide diuretic therapy in the mildly hypertensive diabetic subject.

Bendroflumethiazide↗
PubMed1984

Effect of a high fibre, high carbohydrate dietary regimen on serum lipids and lipoproteins in type II hypertensive diabetic patients.

Fifty Type II diabetic patients with mild hypertension were treated by a high cereal fibre, low fat and low sodium diet in a controlled trial for a 3-month period. The modified diet and control diet groups were well matched although the control group had significantly increased levels of HDL2-cholesterol (p less than 0.05). The modified diet group had a significant reduction of mean serum triglyceride (p less than 0.05) and elevation of HDL2 (p less than 0.05) levels. There was also a reduction of systolic (p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001), weight (p less than 0.01) and glycosylated haemoglobin (p less than 0.001). No changes were observed in the control group. In those patients with added hyperlipidaemia, dietary therapy resulted in a significant decrease of mean serum cholesterol (p less than 0.02), triglyceride (p less than 0.01) and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (p less than 0.01). The control group had a significant reduction of HDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.02). We conclude that a high cereal fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regimen is associated with improvement in cardiovascular risk over a 3-month period, especially in those with hyperlipidaemia. Contrary to previous reports, no deleterious effect on serum triglyceride, HDL- and HDL2-cholesterol levels were recorded in this study. These data add further support to the recent dietary recommendations of several Diabetic Associations.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of the hypotensive and metabolic effects of metoprolol therapy with a high fibre, low sodium, low fat diet in hypertensive type 2 diabetic subjects.

The clinical and biochemical response over a 3 month trial period of 21 hypertensive diabetics who were given metoprolol, 200 mg twice daily, have been compared to an age, sex, blood pressure, known duration of diabetes and diabetic treatment matched group who were treated with a high cereal fibre, low sodium and low fat diet. Both treatment groups had a significant reduction of systolic (p less than 0.001 on the diet; p less than 0.02 on metoprolol) and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001 respectively). On metoprolol the heart rate significantly decreased throughout the study (p less than 0.001). Only the modified diet was accompanied with a reduction of mean glycosylated haemoglobin (p less than 0.01) and weight (p less than 0.001). By the end of the study mean serum triglyceride level was lower in the diet treated group (p less than 0.05) compared to the metoprolol group. In hyperlipidaemic patients only dietary therapy significantly decreased mean serum triglyceride (p less than 0.02) and glycosylated haemoglobin (p less than 0.001). We conclude that although both treatments had a similar hypotensive response only the modified diet beneficially influenced other cardiovascular risk factors. These data suggest that this diet might be considered an alternative to metoprolol in hypertensive diabetic patients.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Possible role for insulin receptors in the mechanism of thiazide induced glucose tolerance.

The role of cellular insulin receptors in the mechanism of thiazide induced glucose intolerance was studied in 10 non-diabetics and six diet controlled type II diabetics with mild essential hypertension. Glucose tolerance tests (75 g) were performed at the start of the study, after one month of placebo and after one month on bendrofluazide 5 mg daily. Erythrocyte insulin receptor status was measured on each occasion in the fasting state. In non-diabetics, low affinity insulin receptor concentration increased after bendrofluazide but high affinity receptor concentration remained unchanged. In the diabetics, there was no change in either high or low affinity insulin receptor concentration. No change in insulin receptor affinity occurred in either group. In the long term, non-diabetics may maintain normal glucose tolerance on thiazide diuretics by increasing insulin receptor numbers. This adjustment did not occur in diabetic patients which may explain the deterioration in glucose tolerance.

Bendroflumethiazide↗
PubMed1983

Effect of metformin on insulin receptor binding and glycaemic control in type II diabetes.

To investigate the effect of metformin on insulin receptor binding and diabetic control, eight obese type II diabetic patients were studied before treatment, after one and four weeks of taking metformin (500 mg thrice daily), and four weeks after withdrawal of the drug. After one and four weeks of treatment the number of erythrocyte insulin receptors had increased by 116% and 184% respectively. This was due almost entirely to an increase in the number of low affinity binding sites. The number of receptors was still raised four weeks after metformin had been withdrawn. Diabetic control as assessed by urinary glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1), and glucose tolerance values was significantly improved during metformin treatment, while plasma insulin concentrations were not altered. These results indicate that metformin produces a rapid and protracted increase in low affinity insulin receptors in type II diabetes, associated with greater insulin sensitivity and improved diabetic control.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous abortion and diabetes mellitus.

In 58 consecutive pregnancies in insulin-dependent diabetic women, glycosylated haemoglobin levels were abnormally high in 78% at the time of booking for antenatal care. Spontaneous abortion was the outcome in 15 pregnancies, 10 occurring before the 15th week of gestation. Glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in those women who aborted spontaneously than in women who delivered successfully (12.8 +/- 1.8% v. 11.2 +/- 2.3%, mean +/- s.d.). These results emphasise the inadequacy of diabetic control in the first trimester and lend further support to the importance of good control at this critical time in insulin-dependent diabetes.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1983

The ethnic prevalence of hypertension in a diabetic clinic.

Using the WHO criteria of hypertension, we have demonstrated that 40% of randomly selected diabetic clinic attenders under the age of 65 were hypertensive. Black diabetics had a significantly greater prevalence (P less than 0.001) of hypertension than either white or Asian diabetics. Hypertension was commoner in black and white females compared with males (P less than 0.001); in Asians this difference was not statistically significant. Systolic hypertension was the most common form in all ethnic groups. Only 38.7% of diabetics receiving antihypertensive therapy had normal blood pressure readings. Blood pressure measurement should therefore be routinely performed in all diabetic patients under the age of 65, particularly in females of all ethnic groups and in black males.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effects of a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regime on diabetic hypertensive patients of different ethnic groups.

Fifty-three diabetic patients with mild hypertension were allocated to a treatment diet with a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regime or a control diet. After a 1-month treatment period, the modified-diet treated group (n = 35) showed a highly significant reduction in mean diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001) accompanied by significant reduction in urinary sodium excretion (P less than 0.01). The mean values of diastolic pressure (P less than 0.05) and urinary sodium/potassium ratio (P less than 0.01) were also significantly reduced at 1 month compared to control. White (n = 16) and West Indian (n = 10) diabetic hypertensive patients demonstrated a similar significant hypotensive response (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.01 respectively) with reduction in urinary sodium excretion to the modified diet. In contrast, Asian patients demonstrated no significant changes. Treatment of hypertension in diabetic subjects with a high fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regimen may have a hypotensive response after a period of 1 month and there is a similar response in both black and white ethnic groups. Further observation of these patients will determine long-term response and compliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A prospective study of the effect of 12 months treatment on serum lipids and apolipoproteins A-I and B in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.

Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride and apolipoproteins A-I and B were studied at diagnosis and after 12 months conventional treatment in a group of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. No significant deleterious effect on serum lipids and apolipoproteins was seen in any of the subgroups during the treatment period, although in the overall group there was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol in females. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly in obese males treated with calorie restriction alone. There was a significant increase in serum apolipoprotein A-I in obese females treated with calorie restriction and metformin and in non-obese females treated with carbohydrate restriction and glibenclamide.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1982

Positive coooperativity in the binding of Streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite.

The adherence of Streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite beads has been analyzed by binding isotherms, Langmuir isotherms, and Scatchard plots. For saliva-coated beads, the Scatchard curves contained components with both positive and negative slopes. The results are interpreted as evidence for positive cooperativity in the binding process. Although all Scatchard curves were similar in shape, distinct differences were observed between saliva samples from different individuals. Salivary agglutinins against whole S. sanguis cells did not appear to influence the shapes of the curves or the extent of adherence. In addition, different strains of S. sanguis yielded similar Scatchard plots. When the binding of S. sanguis to buffer-coated hydroxylapatite beads was analyzed by Scatchard plots or binding isotherms, curves were generated which suggested that either direct ligand-ligand or nonspecific interactions were occurring. Hill plots of the adherence data yielded curves with slopes greater than unity for saliva-coated beads, providing additional support for the view that the interactions between S. sanguis and the pellicle involve cooperative phenomena. In contrast, a Hill plot for the binding data of S. sanguis to buffer-coated hydroxylapatite beads gave a curve with a slope of 0.91 +/- 0.07, suggesting negative cooperativity or limited specificity. When adherence data were plotted by the Langmuir method, curves were obtained which could not discriminate between the binding of the bacteria to the hydroxylapatite beads coated with either saliva or buffer. It was also observed that several different proteins and whole saliva tended to inhibit adherence. Scatchard plots, however, describing the binding of S. sanguis to the proteincoated beads were unique and revealed possible specific and nonspecific interactions. Scatchard analyses of binding data may be useful in understanding the mechanism(s) of adherence of streptococci to smooth surfaces.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1982

Pyridine analogs inhibit the glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans.

Soluble glucan synthesis catalyzed by dextransucrase preparations from Streptococcus mutans 6715 were inhibited by pyridoxal-5-phosphate and several other pyridine analogs, including pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine-5-phosphate, pyridoxal, and 4-pyridoxic acid. Pyridine and pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde were not effective inhibitors of the enzyme. Kinetic analyses suggested that pyridoxal-5-phosphate is a noncompetitive inhibitor of dextransucrase. The inactivation was dependent on time, pyridoxal-5-phosphate concentration, and hydrogen ion concentration. Apparent Ki values were 4.9 mM at pH 7.0 and 4.2 mM at pH 5.5. Dextransucrase activity could be restored by dialysis to remove the inhibitors. Maximum inhibition was observed after a 120-min incubation of the enzyme with pyridoxal-5-phosphate. The pH optima for inhibition by pyridoxal-5-phosphate were 4 and 7. The sucrose-dependent adherence of S. mutans cells to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite beads was also inhibited by pyridoxal-5-phosphate but only marginally by the other pyridine anatogs. In addition, pyridoxal-5-phosphate markedly reduced the rate of acid production by intact S. mutans cells from sucrose or glucose substrates. Another pyridoxal-5-phosphate analog, 2-methyl-5-hydroxypyridine, was also effective in preventing the production of acid by S. mutans from sucrose or glucose. When S. mutans cells were preincubated with pyridoxal-5-phosphate or pyridine analogs, significant reductions in the rate of D-glucose uptake were observed. It is suggested that the inhibition of dextransucrase occurs because of a change iun enzyme conformation which results from the binding of the pyridine derivatives. The results suggest that pyridoxal-5-phosphate or structural analogs may ultimately be useful in reducing the incidence of dental caries.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1982

Hydrophobic interactions and the adherence of Streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite.

Streptococcus sanguis demonstrated a high affinity for hydrocarbon solvents. When aqueous suspensions of the organism were mixed with either hexadecane or toluene, the cells tended to bind to the nonaqueous solvent. Increases in temperature resulted in a greater affinity of cells for hexadecane. Interaction between the cells and hexadecane was also enhanced by dilute aqueous sodium chloride and by low pH (pH less than 5). The results suggest that the cell surface of S. sanguis has hydrophobic properties. Isolated cell walls also tended to partition into the nonaqueous solvent. Amino acid analyses of the walls revealed the presence of several amino acids which possess hydrophobic side chains. It is likely that the hydrophobic amino acids associated with the cell wall contribute to the hydrophobicity of intact S. sanguis. When the adherence of S. sanguis to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite was measured, it was found that hydrophobic bond-disrupting agents, such as the Li+ cation, the SCN- anion, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, were capable of inhibiting the cell-hydroxylapatite union. In addition, it was observed that both urea and tetramethylurea were inhibitors of the adherence, although the latter reagent was the superior inhibitor. The results suggest that the adherence of S. sanguis to saliva-coated smooth surfaces is at least partially dependent on the formation of hydrophobic bonds between the cell and adsorbed salivary proteins. Hydrophobic bonding may contribute to cooperative interactions involving S. sanguis and saliva-coated hydroxylapatite (Nesbitt et al., Infect. Immun. 35:157-165, 1982).

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1981

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels at diagnosis in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were decreased in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes at diagnosis when matched with a control population for sex, age, obesity, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. There was no association between serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and the percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin A1 (HbA1). Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in diabetics over the whole range of serum triglyceride levels, and particularly in hyper-triglyceridaemic diabetics. Serum apolipoprotein A-I levels were not decreased in diabetics with normal serum triglyceride levels, so that the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I was significantly decreased in diabetics (p Less Than 0.005). Decreased HDL-cholesterol levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes could be relevant to the subsequent development of atherosclerosis.

Adult↗