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Biomedical subjects

K G Nicholson

Publications and source records attributed to K G Nicholson.

104 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Interference induced in GL-V3 monkey kidney cells by rabies virus strains.

Resistance to superinfection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) occurred in GL-V3 monkey kidney cells infected with the CVS-11, Pitman Moore, LEP Flury, but not the ERA strain of rabies virus. Specific immunofluorescent staining of intracellular rabies antigen showed that the number and size of fluorescent foci increased after the onset of interference, and that this was paralleled by increasing yields of infectious virus. Although CVS-11 and ERA differed in their ability to induce interference, the virus yields from monolayers infected with either strain were similar. Interference apparently had no effect on the replication or dissemination of the inducing virus, and seems unrelated to the long incubation period or aberrant forms of infection in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Interferon response to human diploid cell strain rabies vaccines in man.

Circulating interferon was found in volunteers immunized with 3.0 ml and 1.0 ml doses of human diploid cell strain (HDCS) rabies vaccines. Peak interferon titres were observed 17--25 hours after primary vaccination and the response diminished upon revaccination. The response was dose-related and did not correlate with the antigenic value of the vaccines or with the titre of infections virus in the vaccines before inactivation.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1979

Immune responses of humans to a human diploid cell strain of rabies virus vaccine: lymphocyte transformation, production of virus-neutralizing antibody, and induction of interferon.

Lymphocyte transformation, production of neutralizing antibody, and interferon activity of 20 healthy volunteers in response to a human diploid cell strain (HDCS) of rabies virus vaccine were studied. Ten vaccines received 1.0 ml of HDCS vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, and 14, and five of these volunteers received, in addition, 20 international units of human rabies immune globulin/kg of body weight on day 0. All 10 volunteers developed high titers of neutralizing antibody, and eight of the 10 had lymphocytes that were immunologically stimulated by HDCS rabies virus antigen. The interferon responses of eight vaccines to 1.0 ml of HDCS vaccine given intramuscularly on days 0 and 28 and of two vaccines to 1.0 ml of vaccine given intradermally in eight body sites on the same days were measured; low levels of interferon-like activity were found in eight of nine volunteers after the first vaccination, and no activity was found upon revaccination. The high titers of neutralizing antibody that developed did not correlate with lymphocyte stimulation or interferon-like activity, but it is true that all 20 volunteers did develop high titers of neutralizing antibody after 1.0 ml of HDCS vaccine was given intradermally.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Immunization with a human diploid cell strain of rabies virus vaccine: two-year results.

Antibody responses following primary vaccination with 1.0 ml of intramuscularly (im) or 0.1 ml of intradermally (id) administered human diploid cell rabies virus vaccine were observered for two years. Three primary doses of vaccine were given to 77 volunteers on days 0, 28, and 56. An antibody response was detected in all vacinees after a single dose; at one month, the response in the group that received vaccine id was identical to that in the group that was given vaccine im, although only 1/10th of the dose of vaccine was used. After the second and third doses, the antibody responses were higher with the primary im regimen; this difference was significant at two, three, and 12 months when the geometric mean titers of antibody were twofold higher for im than for id vaccination. The antibody responses to a booster dose of vaccine administered to randomly grouped volunteers by the subcutaneous or id route at six, 12, or 24 months were similar irrespective of the method of primary immunization but were greater with increasing intervals between primary and booster doses.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1978

Studies with human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine and human antirabies immunoglobulin in man.

Seventy healthy veterinary students with no previous history of rabies vaccination were inoculated either with human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) alone, human diploid cell strain (HDCS) vaccine alone, or combinations of both. HRIG, prepared either at the Lister Institute or by Cutter Laboratories, was inoculated (20 i.u./kg) on day 0, vaccine was inoculated on days 0, 3, 7 and 14 either in 0.1 ml doses intradermally (i.d.) or in 1.0 ml doses intramuscularly (i.m.). Neutralizing antibodies were measured by the mouse neutralization test on samples taken from each group of 10 volunteers on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 50 and 90. The treatments were well tolerated and no serious reactions were seen. Antibody estimations, as yet incomplete, indicate that in those subjects receiving HRIG alone, low levels of antibody were detectable in most but not all cases after 24 hours; peak titres (0.16 i.u./ml : 1 in 7.2) were observed on days 2 and 3 and became undetectable after 30 days. Most subjects receiving vaccine and HRIG also had detectable antibody at 24 hours and all had antibody by 48 hours. Peak titres (GM +/- 18 i.u./ml) were recorded at 21 to 30 days. The response to vaccine administered by either route does not appear so far to be markedly suppressed by HRIG.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine. Rapid prophylactic immunisation of volunteers with small doses.

The clinical and antibody responses of volunteers to three intradermal schedules of human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine (0.4 ml on day 0; 0-1 ml on days 0, 1, 2, 3; and 0-1 ml on days 0, 3, 7, and 14) are described. Vaccine was administered to 114 contacts of two rabid patients in order to evoke a rapid antibody response and the antibody titres of 30 of those who were vaccinated and bled were measured. High antibody titres were obtained in all subjects irrespective of their immunisation schedule; there were only minimal local reactions. All volunteers had titres greater than 1/78 (1.7 I.U./ml) by day 14, and 7 of 10 receiving 0.1 ml into each limb on day 0 had detectable antibody by day 7.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

WRL 105 strain (H3N2) live attenuated influenza vaccine: acceptability, reactivity, and antibody response in normal, bronchitic, and geriatric volunteers.

The acceptability, reactivity, and antibody responses of recombinant WRL 105 strain, live, attenuated influenza virus vaccine administered intranasally were studied in seventeen normal adults, and in seventeen bronchitic and twenty-one geriatric volunteers. The effect on peak flow and 1-second forced expiratory volume (F.E.V.1) on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days after vaccination was measured in the bronchitic and normal groups. Seroconversion occurred in 80% to tht homologous virus, in 40.6% to A/Victoria/3/75, and in 26.5% to A/England/864/75 in subjects with pre-vaccination haemagglutination inhibition titres of less than 1/40. A fourfold or greater increase in homologous anti-neuraminidase antibody was found in 48% of twenty-seven infected subjects when measured by a new elution inhibition technique. The frequency and nature of symptoms were similar in both infected and non-infected groups. No significant changes in F.E.V.1 occurred, but on days 5 and 7 there was a decrease in peak flow measurements in both infected and non-infected groups when assessed as the percentage change of the pre-vaccination value.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies of respiratory function in volunteers given live influenza virus vaccine.

Measurements of peak flow, vital capacity, FEV1 and flow volume studies were performed in healthy volunteers for 20 weeks following intranasal vaccination with live-attenuated A/Victoria/3/75 recombinants or placebo. Despite differing attenuation of the two candidate strains, no effect on pulmonary function was detected.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Don't forget dengue! Clinical features of dengue fever in returning travellers.

BACKGROUND: Dengue virus infection is an increasingly important cause of imported fever, but many cases remain unrecognised. This study reviews the clinical features of dengue fever in patients seen at a regional department of infection and tropical medicine. SUBJECTS: All patients with dengue fever presenting to the Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine in Leicester over a three year period. RESULTS: The diagnosis of dengue fever was confirmed in 15 patients. The age range of patients was 19-61 years, and 80% were immigrants returning from a visit to their country of origin. In 11 (73%) patients, infection was associated with travel to India; others had gone to South-east Asia, Barbados and Uganda. All patients presented within three weeks of their return to the United Kingdom. The clinical manifestations of infection were often non-specific. They included fever, nausea, headache, cough and diarrhoea; 5 (33%) patients had a macular rash. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 7 (47%) patients, but only one had evidence of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue infection was confirmed by serology in 14 (93%) patients. In one, dengue virus type 1 was identified by polymerase chain reaction, and the virus was subsequently isolated in tissue culture. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue virus infection should be considered in all febrile travellers who have recently returned from areas where the disease is endemic and in whom tests for malaria are negative.

Adult↗