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Biomedical subjects

K Furuse

Publications and source records attributed to K Furuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[A phase II study of etoposide (NK 171) in small cell lung cancer--comparison of results between intravenous administration and oral administration].

A phase II study of Etoposide (NK 171) was carried out in 13 institutions of the National Chest Hospital Lung Cancer Cooperative Study Group. Twenty-two patients (pts.) were treated by intravenous (i.v.) administration of etoposide, 80 mg/m2/day, for 5 consecutive days, and 25 pts. by oral administration of the same drug, 130 mg/m2/day, for 5 consecutive days. Eight (36.4%) out of 22 evaluable pts. given i.v. etoposide showed partial response (PR) while 7 (28%) out of 25 evaluable pts. given oral etoposide showed PR. Thirteen (41%) out of 32 previously untreated pts. were responders, but only 2 (13%) out of 15 previously treated pts. responded. The average total dose of i.v. etoposide was 664 (368-1552) mg/m2 while that of oral etoposide was 1320 mg/m2, or about double the dose of i.v. etoposide. The major dose-limiting factor was leukopenia (less than 3000/mm3). being observed in 63.6% of the i.v. treated pts. and 31.8% of the orally-treated pts. The oral and i.v. etoposide provided equivalent results. Despite the advantage of the reduced myelotoxicity of oral etoposide, we may recommend that all pts. are treated parenterally at present until the problem of erratic absorption of the oral drug is resolved.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas].

Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas requires: (1) correct identification of the effective postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, (2) eradication of any of the micrometastatic foci that may have already occurred in many of the patients with these sarcomas, (3) easier and safer limb-salvage procedure, being clearly defined, with shrinkage of the primary lesion. For this purpose, a preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimen making practical use of intra-arterial CDDP (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II) infusion is desired in multi-drug combined chemotherapeutic treatment, including HDMTX (high-dose methotrexate), ADR (adriamycin) and CDDP. In this paper, the clinical application of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy to skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas with combination of HDMTX and CDDP is presented in the light of the observations of tumor response to these anticancer agents, and the possibility of to establishing a new preoperative adjuvant protocol is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma in Japan--past, present and future].

The therapeutic results for osteosarcoma were very discouraging before 1970 in Japan despite many modes of treatment. In 1960, Miki introduced the regional perfusion technique into the treatment of osteosarcoma, and in 1963, Akaboshi pioneered the intraarterial infusion technique. By these methods, a five-year survival rate about 30% was achieved during the period from 1971 to 1976. In Japan, the five-year disease-free survival rate will soon exceed 50% thanks to intensive multi-drug adjuvant chemotherapy, considering the therapeutic results of 117 cases of JOOG treated during 6 years from 1975 to 1980 and 114 cases included in the Group Study of Osteosarcoma treated during 8 years from 1973 to 1981. In most cases, ablative surgery must still be considered the standard method of treatment. However, the importance of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is emphasized because limb-saving operations have become an increasingly common feature in the management of osteosarcoma as a result of the recent advances achieved by intensive multi-drug adjuvant chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

Biochemical characterization of RNA coliphage MX1.

In order to clarify the taxonomic status of an RNA coliphage, MX1 (a serological intermediate between groups III and IV), we examined (i) read-through protein synthesis in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system, (ii) the peptide map of the coat protein and (iii) the RNA sequence in the 3'-terminal region of MX1 RNA. We found that the characteristics of MX1 were closer to those of group III phages than to those of group IV. For example, the gel elecrophoretic pattern of the protein coded for by MX1 RNA was the same as that of group III phage proteins. Peptide fingerprints of the coat protein of MX1 showed that seven tryptic peptides overlapped with corresponding peptides of Q beta (group III phage), whereas only two peptides overlapped with those of SP (group IV phage). Furthermore, in the base sequence of the first 200 nucleotides from the 3'-end of MX1 RNA, about 70% of the nucleotides were homologous to those of the Q beta RNA, whereas the homology to SP RNA was only 53%. These results suggest that MX1 is more closely related to group III phages than to group IV phages and we propose that it should be assigned to the former group.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Bacteriophage distribution in human faeces: continuous survey of healthy subjects and patients with internal and leukaemic diseases.

In order to elucidate the ecological role of bacteriophages in the human intestine, we analysed the numbers of coliphages and of coliphage strains present in faecal samples collected from healthy individuals and from patients with certain intestinal diseases. The isolated phages were grouped according to their serological properties. The samples with low phage titres, observed in both healthy subjects and patients, contained mainly temperate phages (many were related to phi 80 and lambda), and those with higher titres, observed in patients, contained virulent phages. From successive surveys of coliphages and their host, Escherichia coli, in faecal samples of each subject, it was concluded that temperate phages are maintained in the human intestine through spontaneous induction of lysogenic bacteria. Qualitative and quantitative differences existed between phages isolated from faecal samples from healthy subjects and from patients. Simultaneous changes in the distribution patterns of coliphages and of the clinical symptoms were observed in a continuous survey of a leukaemic patient in a protective environmental ward.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1983

Distribution of RNA coliphages in Senegal, Ghana, and Madagascar.

The distribution patterns of RNA coliphages (phages) in Senegal, Ghana, and Madagascar were investigated by collecting sewage samples from domestic drainage in November, 1980. In Senegal, among 65 sewage samples collected mainly from Dakar and its vicinity, 14 (22%) contained RNA phages (16 strains). By serological analysis, 13 of 16 strains were found to belong to group III. This is consistent with the distribution pattern of RNA coliphages in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. In Ghana, however, among 106 samples collected from Accra, Suhum, and their vicinities, only seven (7%) contained RNA phages (seven strains) (groups I, II, and III [1:3:3]). In Madagascar, among 124 samples collected from Antananarivo, Moramanga, and their vicinities, seven (6%) contained RNA phages (seven strains) (groups I, II, III, and IV [1:1:1:4]). In spite of the low isolation frequency, it can be said that Madagascar appears to have a unique distribution pattern (abundance of group IV phages) which differs from that of any other countries we have examined. The generality of the distribution pattern of RNA phages in the tropical region (abundance of group III phages) was thus verified at least in Senegal.

Coliphages↗
PubMed1983

Studies on spermicidal activity of surfactants. I. Correlation between spermicidal effect and physicochemical properties of p-menthanylphenyl polyoxyethylene (8.8) ether and related surfactants.

The spermicidal activities of seven nonionic surfactants against human spermatozoa were objectively determined by a statistical method, and two types of ionic surfactants were also studied for purposes of comparison. The nonionic surfactants, p-menthanylphenyl polyoxethylene adducts used in this work were synthesized from turpentine oil. These surfactants were used in the experiment after a careful confirmation of their chemical composition and molecular weight distribution. The spermicidal activities of the surfactants in terms of minimum concentrations to accomplish irreversible immobilization of all sperms in zero time was, in decreasing order, nonionic, cationic and anionic. When the most commonly used nonionics alone were considered, the sequence of decreasing spermicidal potency was isononylphenyl polyoxyethylene (9.0) ether (nonoxynol-9), p-menthanylphenyl polyoxyethylene (8.8) ether (menfegol), isooctylphenyl polyoxyethylene (9.0) ether (octoxynol-9). The surface tension and wetting time of these surfactants were determined with a view to finding physico-chemical measures of their spermicidal activity. In the statistical analysis regarding all the nine surfactants, there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between spermicidal potency and critical micelle concentration (cmc) whereas there was no significant relationship between spermicidal potency and cmc regarding the seven nonionics. There was again no significant correlation between spermicidal potency and wetting time in all but nonionics with a common hydrophobic structure. As neither surface tension nor wetting time appeared to be a valid factor, general measure of spermicidal potency of nonionic surfactants, the partition ratios between n-octanol or n-hexane and water was determined. As a result, it was revealed that there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between spermicidal potency and partition coefficient, when four types of nonionic surfactants with different hydrophobic group, which were chosen from among the seven nonionics, were tested with n-hexane. The close relationship between spermical activity and partition coefficient suggests that the spermicidal activities of these surfactants are associated with their structural affinity to the lipids of spermatozoal cell membrane.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

Randomized controlled study of adjuvant immunotherapy with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton for inoperable lung cancer.

In order to evaluate the clinical benefit of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS), a randomized controlled study was performed with inoperable lung cancer patients entered in 5 institutions from October 1978 to June 1981. Patients without pleural effusions were treated initially with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, according to common protocol, and then patients in performance statuses 0 to 3 were randomized into control and N-CWS groups with stratification into 16 categories according to 4 histological types and 4 clinical stages In the N-CWS group, 400 micrograms N-CWS were initially injected once or twice into the bronchial tumor using a fiberoptic bronchoscope, and subsequently 200 micrograms of N-CWS were injected at monthly intervals into the skin from the shoulders to upper arms. Of 309 patients, 118 patients in the N-CWS group and 108 patients in the control group were eligible for statistical analysis. There was statistically no significant difference in survival rate between the control and the N-CWS groups. According to histological type, significant prolongation of the survival period was observed in patients with small-cell carcinoma. The 97 patients with pleural effusions were initially randomized into control and N-CWS groups. In the control group, local chemotherapy with Adriamycin was performed and, in the N-CWS group, local administrations and monthly intracutaneous injections of N-CWS were given. Tube thoracostomy was performed in both groups. The local response rate was statistically greater in the N-CWS group than in the control group, and survival period was also prolonged significantly in the N-CWS group. The main adverse reactions to N-CWS were skin lesions in the injected sites and fever, but these were temporary and not serious.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Primary liposarcoma of the lung: report of a case.

We reported one case of a primary liposarcoma of the lung which has been reported only in six cases to date worldwide, and we added some documented study. A 49-year-old female complained of exertional dyspnea with about 100 ml of hemoptysis. The chest X ray showed a coin lesion at the left upper field. After left pneumonectomy, the histological examination revealed liposarcoma of the lung. Six months after the operation, she died from severe dyspnea; the autopsy revealed the relapse of liposarcoma in the right lung, and no liposarcomas in other organs. This is the seventh case according to a worldwide review of the literature.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Enzyme histochemical study on bone tumors.

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

[Pulmonary metastasis from primary lung cancer and its treatment].

In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms, pathways and patterns of pulmonary metastasis from lung cancer. For seven years from 1975 to 1981, 1,158 patients with primary lung cancer were admitted to our hospital. On admission, pulmonary metastases were radiographically found in 44 of 529 patients with adenocarcinoma (8.3%), 8 of 427 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (1.9%) and 2 of 150 patients with small cell carcinoma (1.3%). In adenocarcinoma, the radiographical patterns of pulmonary metastasis were divided into 2 types, that is, "cannon ball" type and "snowstorm" type. Of 24 patients with "cannon ball" type, there were 17 bilateral, 4 contralateral and 3 ipsilateral pulmonary metastases. Of 20 patients with "snowstorm" type, 19 patients had bilateral and one patient contralateral metastasis. In squamous cell carcinoma, there were 3 bilateral, 4 contralateral and 1 ipsilateral metastasis. In small cell carcinoma, 1 bilateral and 1 contralateral metastasis. In extensive disease which had pulmonary metastases etc., response to chemotherapy did not directly lead to the prolongation of survival, the causes of which were discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Distribution of ribonucleic acid coliphages in animals.

To determine the distribution pattern of ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages (classified by serological groups I through IV) in animal sources, we isolated RNA phages from (i) feces samples from domestic animals (cows, pigs, horses, and fowls), some other animals in a zoological garden, and humans, (ii) the gastrointestinal contents of cows and pigs, and (iii) sewage samples from treatment plants in slaughter houses. These samples were then analyzed serologically. The concentration of RNA phages in the first and second kinds of material was fairly low (10 to 10(3) plaque-forming units per original phage sample), whereas that in the third kind of material was fairly high (10(3) to 10(5) plaque-forming units per original phage sample). Concerning the group types of the RNA phages in the first and second kinds of material, human feces contained RNA phages of groups II and III almost equally, the gastrointestinal contents of pigs included those of groups I and II equally, and the feces or gastrointestinal contents of other mammals other than humans and pigs had those of group I exclusively. In the third type of material we found mostly group I phages with a minor fraction of group II phages. Thus, the prominent features of the distribution pattern of RNA phages are the predominance of groups III and II in humans and the predominance of group I in animals.

Animals↗