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Biomedical subjects

K Fukunaga

Publications and source records attributed to K Fukunaga.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Basic and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Ceftazidime (CAZ), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The absorption and tissue penetration of CAZ into intrapelvic genital organs were good after a single drip infusion of 1.0 g for 30--60 minutes. The maximum level of 76.4 micrograms/ml was obtained in uterine artery serum at 8 minutes after administration. The high concentrations were also obtained in genital tissues; the maximum concentrations ranged from 46.8--62.1 micrograms/g at 20 minutes after administration and the levels were as high as 2.1--7.7 micrograms/g at 5 hours and 40 minutes after administration. The concentration curves in tissues were consistent with those of serum levels. The concentrations of CAZ in retroperitoneal dead space exudate were determined after intravenous drip infusion of 1 g. The peak levels ranged from 26 to 32 micrograms/ml after 30 minutes of administration and the level of 8.53 micrograms/ml was sustained even 6 hours later. Good response was obtained in cases of gyneco-obstetric infections such as intrauterine infection, intrapelvic infection and external genital infection with daily dose of 2--4 g. CAZ was effective in 13 out of 14 cases (the efficacy ratio; 92.9%). As to side effects, gastric discomfort and vomiting were observed in 1 case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of human B cell growth factor (BCGF) from cloned T cells or mitogen-stimulated T cells.

An assay system for the measurement of human BCGF was established by employing anti-id-stimulated B-CLL cells, anti-mu-stimulated normal B cells, or a transformed B cell line. PHA-Sup from PHA-stimulated T cells induced proliferation of anti-lg-stimulated B cells or augmented proliferation of a B cell line, and the activity was dose-dependent. BCGF, IL 2, and BCDF activities in PHA-Sup were eluted in a 17K fraction by gel filtration in 0.5 M NaCl. BCDF activity (pl 5.8) was isolated by chromatofocusing, but BCGF and IL 2 activities (pl 6.5 and 6.9) were not separated. Absorption with an IL 2-dependent T cell line or anti-id-stimulated B-CLL cells showed BCGF and IL 2 were distinct molecules. An IL 2-dependent helper T cell clone, d4, secreted BCGF with the m.w. of 50K. The 50K-BCGF fraction had no IL 2 activity and was eluted in a 19K fraction by gel filtration in 4 M urea and 1 M NaCl. PMA stimulation of normal T cells induced 50K-BCGF, the m.w. of which was reduced to 19K in 4 M urea and 1 M NaCl. 50K-BCGF from d4 cells and 17K-BCGF from PHA-Sup showed a synergistic effect on the proliferation of anti-lg-stimulated B cells. The results show the existence of two distinct kinds of BCGF and the presence of the synergism between them.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical application of latamoxef during the perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic studies and clinical evaluations of latamoxef (LMOX) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants. LMOX was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection and intravenous drip infusion in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak blood levels. Placental transference to the fetus was favorable. After intravenous injection and intravenous drip infusion of 1.0--2.0 g of LMOX, drug concentration of the cord blood, amniotic fluid and fetal blood exceeded MICs of the main pathogenic organisms. By administration of the dose of 1.0--2.0 g twice a day, it is possible to successfully prevent or treat uterine infections. LMOX was effective in the prophylaxis or therapy of perinatal infections. Moreover, newborn infants delivered from mothers receiving LMOX treatment having drug concentrations exceeded MICs of main pathogenic organisms however not remained more than 12 hours after birth, and did not exhibit any laboratory test abnormalities. The above results demonstrated that LMOX is a clinically useful antibiotic for the prophylaxis and treatment of perinatal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefroxadine in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cefroxadine (CXD) was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology and the following results were obtained. MIC values of CXD against 55 clinical isolates were investigated, from 6.25 to 12.5 micrograms/ml for 8 strains of E. coli, 6.25 micrograms/ml for 3 strains of K. pneumoniae and from 0.39 to 3.13 micrograms/ml for 9 strains of anaerobes such as Peptostreptococcus and Peptococcus in 10(6) cells/ml. Transfer of CXD into intrapelvic organ such as uterus, uterine tube and ovary after the oral administration of 500 mg was investigated. The concentrations in the tissues of genitalia ranged from 5.84 to 7.44 micrograms/g about 2 hours later after the administration. CXD was orally given to 18 patients with infections of genital organs at daily dose of 1,500 mg (500 mg 3 times a day). The clinical response was good, and efficacy rate was 88.9%. No remarkable side effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of tinidazole on anaerobic infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The bacteriological and clinical effect of tinidazole (TDZ) was evaluated in 16 cases of intrauterine, intrapelvic and vulvar infection caused by anaerobic organisms and the following results were obtained. Anaerobes were detected in 16 cases, including 1 case with anaerobes alone and 15 cases with mixed anaerobes and aerobes. Eight different species and 24 strains were detected. A single species was isolated from 9 cases, 2 species from 6 cases and 3 species from 1 case. The main species detected were Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus spp. of which 9 strains (37.5%) each were isolated. Escherichia coli and B. fragilis was the most frequently occurring combination. The peak MIC values of TDZ were 0.78 micrograms/ml for B. fragilis and 1.56 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus spp. Most other organisms were also sensitive to TDZ. The bacteriological response of the anaerobic infections to TDZ was 87.5% and overall clinical efficacy was 87.5%. Few side effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

BRL 25000, consisting of 250 mg amoxicillin (AMPC) and 125 mg clavulanic acid (CVA), was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Tissue concentrations The concentrations in venous serum and arterial serum of uterus, different sites uterus, oviduct and ovarium were determined. Tissue concentrations of AMPC and CVA corresponded to 45--75% and 20--50%, respectively of serum concentrations. The good responses were obtained in cases with intrapelvic infection and the overall clinical effective responses were obtained in 100% of patients. Effectiveness was found microbiologically and clinically in infections due to AMPC resistant organisms. No side effects were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Multiple specificities of brain Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase for substrate.

The purified Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from rat brain, which has a M.W. of 120,000 by gel filtration analysis, showed a broad substrate specificity. In addition to myosin light chain from chicken gizzard, the enzyme phosphorylated myelin basic protein, casein and two endogenous substrates in a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent manner. In contrast, chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase exclusively phosphorylated myosin light chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Purification and characterization of a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from rat brain.

A Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase was purified from rat brain cytosol fraction to apparent homogeneity at approximately 800-fold and with a 5% yield. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 640,000 as determined by gel filtration analysis on Sephacryl S-300 and a sedimentation coefficient of 15.3 S by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and resulted in a single protein band of MW 49,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that the native enzyme has a large molecular weight and consists of 11 to 14 identical subunits. The purified enzyme exhibited Km values of 109 and 30 microM for ATP and chicken gizzard myosin light chain, respectively, and Ka values of 12 nM and 1.9 microM for brain calmodulin and Ca2+, respectively. In addition to myosin light chain, myelin basic protein, casein, arginine-rich histone, microtubule protein, and synaptosomal proteins were phosphorylated by the enzyme in a CA2+- and calmodulin-dependent manner. The purified enzyme was phosphorylated without the addition of the catalytic subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Our findings indicate that there is a multifunctional Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the brain and that this enzyme may regulate the reactions of various endogenous proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Dissociation of alterations in levels of myosin light chain kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in rabbit myometrium during pregnancy.

The alteration in levels of myosin light chain kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was studied in rabbit myometrium during pregnancy. The specific activity of myosin light chain kinase was 160.9 +/- 2.7, 128.1 +/- 3.5, and 126.5 +/- 4.4% at the 10th, 20th and 28th days after pregnancy, respectively, in comparison with the value seen in samples from non-pregnant rabbits. On the other hand, the specific activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase gradually decreased to 75.9 +/- 1.7, 58.7 +/- 3.5 and 36.9 +/- 1.9% of that of the control at each time with the increase in the time of gestation. The protein kinase inhibitor was not involved in the decrease in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. These results suggest that the dissociation of the dynamic states of the two enzymes may make it possible for the myometrium to efficiently respond to contraction in the last stage of pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The study group was organized to evaluate the usefulness of cefmenoxime (CMX) injection, a new synthetic cephalosporin, for the treatment of infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Fundamental and clinical studies were made by the society and the following results were obtained. 1. The peak distribution of CMX's MIC for E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Bacteroides sp. and Peptococcus sp. isolated from obstetrical and gynecological infections with relatively high frequencies area 0.1, less than or equal to 0.05, 0.2, 3.13, 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, with an inoculation of 10(6) cells/ml. 2. When 1 g of CMX is administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 hour, the maximum concentrations in various tissues of female genital organs were as follows: 14.2 and 13.2 micrograms/g in ovary and oviduct, respectively, at 1.20 hours after the start of administration, and 16.9 and 26.3 micrograms/g in corpus uteri and cervix uteri, respectively, after 1 hour. As for the transfer to the exudate in the pelvic dead cavity, the peak concentration was 15.6 micrograms/ml after 2.13 hours. 3. In the clinical studies, CMX was given to 258 cases with female genital organ infections and others. As for the clinical effects, with exclusion of 3 cases in which other antibiotics are concomitantly used, responses were excellent in 76 cases, good in 162 cases and poor in 17 cases, among 255 cases in total. The efficacy rate was 93.3%. The efficacy rates by diseases were 97.1% (68/70) for intrauterine infections, 88.8% (79/89) for intrapelvic infections, 98.4% (62/63) for adnexitis, and 100% (23/23) for infections of external genital organs. As for the clinical effects on causative bacteria, the efficacy rates were 100% (19/19) for single infections due to Gram-positive bacteria, 94.8% (55/58) for single infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, and 88.2% (15/17) for single infections due to anaerobic bacteria. And its efficacy rates were 89.6% (69/77) for mixed infection cases. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (0.8%); 1 case with eruption, and 1 case with diarrhea and vomiting. As for abnormal laboratory findings, lower white blood cell count was observed in 2 cases and elevation of the values regarding hepatic functions in 9 cases. All cases were returned to the normal after the completion of the administration. Cefmenoxime showed a satisfactory clinical efficacy and a potent bacteriological effect in treatment of the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and it has been concluded that cefmenoxime will be useful addition to the antibiotics for the therapy of these infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[A study of clinical application of cefotaxime in the perinatal period].

Pharmacokinetic studies of cefotaxime (CTX) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants. CTX was promptly absorbed after intravenous injection, intravenous drip infusion and intramuscular injection in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak blood levels. Placental passage to the fetus was favorable. After intravenous injection, intravenous drip infusion and intramuscular injection of 500--1,000 mg of CTX, drug concentrations of the cord blood, amniotic fluid and fetal blood exceeded MICs of the main pathogenic organisms. By administration of this dose 1 to 2 times daily it is possible to successfully prevent or treat uterine infections. Passage of CTX into the milk of lactating mothers was minimal, suggesting that only minute quantities can possibly be transferred from the milk to newborn infants. Absorption of CTX in neonatal infants was prompt. The peak blood levels of 47.9 micrograms/ml were attained 15--30 minutes after intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg. The half-life ranged from 2.4--5.56 hours, depending on the number of days postpartus. CTX was effective in the prophylaxis and therapy of perinatal uterine infections.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

[The effect of tinidazole on the anaerobic bacterial flora in patients undergoing gynecological surgery].

The various effects have been examined against the anaerobes by administering tinidazole when the operations of gynecology and obstetrics and the following results were obtained. 1. The serum concentrations after the single administration of 1,000 mg of TDZ showed 56.6 micrograms/ml of the peak value (3 hours) and 27.7 micrograms/ml of 24 hours value, and the antibacterial potency was maintained for a long duration. The concentration in the vaginal secretions was 21.8 micrograms/tampon within 24 hours. 2. The detections of anaerobes were made in 74 cases, before the administration, with the results of 1 case alone and 73 cases mixed with aerobes, 10 species and 133 strains being detected, which comprise 33 cases with 1 species, 27 cases with 2 species mixed, 10 cases with 3 species mixed and 4 cases with 4 species mixed. The main species detected were Bacteroides fragilis in 46 strains (34.6%), Peptostreptococcus spp. in 31 strains (23.3%) and Peptococcus spp. in 26 strains (19.5%). 3. The MIC values of the detected bacteria to the TDZ centered upon 0.78 micrograms/ml for Bacteroides fragilis, 3.13 micrograms/ml for Peptococcus spp. and 0.78 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus spp. and those of the others were low, a lot of those being of sensitive strains. 4. The bacteriological effects on the anaerobes were, after the medication, observed to be 71.4% and found significantly more effective than 33.3% of natural eradication and decrease observed in the not administered group. 5. Clinically, no anaerobic infections were observed often operation and the therapeutical effects were observed. A little side effect was observed. 6. According to the above-mentioned results, it was observed possible to prevent from the anaerobic infections after operation in gynecology and obstetrics by administration of TDZ.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Effects of anesthetics on piperidine levels in mouse brain.

Piperidine is one of the biogenic amines possessing potent pharmacological activity. Recent interest has focused on its possible role as an endogenous hypnogenic substance. Using a mass fragmentographic technique with deuterium-labelled piperidine as an internal standard, piperidine concentrations in brains of waking and deeply anesthetized mice were analyzed to compare piperidine levels in the brain under distinctly different states of consciousness. A rapid and significant increase in piperidine concentrations was found in the brain but not in blood of mice anesthetized with any one of pentobarbital, urethane, ether and halothane. The results, showing that CNS depression is accompanied by accumulation of piperidine in the brain, are consistent with the idea that piperidine may have a close connection with the mechanisms controlling the level of consciousness.

Anesthetics↗