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Biomedical subjects

K Fukui

Publications and source records attributed to K Fukui.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effect of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide on proteinuria in patients with primary glomerular diseases.

1. The effects of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) on urinary protein excretion were examined in nine healthy subjects and 20 patients with primary glomerular diseases who had proteinuria of 1.0 g or more per day. Synthetic alpha-hANP was intravenously infused into supine subjects at a rate of 8.3 pmol min-1 kg-1 for 40 min. 2. Before alpha-hANP infusion, the plasma concentration of immunoreactive alpha-hANP was significantly higher in the patients with glomerulonephritis than in the normal subjects (44.3 +/- 8.7 vs 19.4 +/- 3.0 pmol/l, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.01) and it showed a positive correlation with mean arterial pressure (rs = 0.84, P less than 0.001) and a negative correlation with creatinine clearance (rs = -0.50, P less than 0.01). 3. During infusion of alpha-hANP, although the urinary excretion of protein did not change significantly in the normal subjects, it increased from 0.6 +/- 0.2 to 3.0 +/- 0.8 mg min-1 m-2 (P less than 0.001) in the patients with glomerulonephritis. The urinary protein/creatinine ratio did not change significantly in the former (from 0.18 +/- 0.05 to 0.22 +/- 0.06; NS), whereas it rose from 3.25 +/- 0.94 to 7.62 +/- 1.31 (P less than 0.001) in the latter. 4. The urinary excretions of albumin and of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta- and gamma-globulins, which were electrophoretically analysed, all increased in eight nephrotic patients during or immediately after infusion of alpha-hANP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Identification and structure of the rat true tissue kallikrein gene expressed in the kidney.

Genomic clones carrying the entire rat true tissue kallikrein gene have been isolated and characterized. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of a unique gene for true tissue kallikrein in the rat haploid genome. The true tissue kallikrein gene was composed of 5 exons and 4 introns, its length being about 4.5 kilobase pairs. We also isolated the rat renal kallikrein cDNA which was expressed in the kidney. The exon sequences of the gene were identical with the corresponding sequences of the kallikrein cDNA. The rat true tissue kallikrein gene was distinct from two rat kallikrein-related genes expressed in the kidney (Chen, Y. et al. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 7189-7196). Primer extension analysis indicated that two identical transcription-initiation sites were used in both the kidney and submandibular gland, although expression of the true tissue kallikrein in the submandibular gland was much higher than that in the kidney. The 3'-noncoding region of this gene contained the polyadenylation signal, AATAAA, observed in the rat renal kallikrein cDNA. The 5'-flanking region was sequenced up to about 800 base pairs, upstream of the cap sites. CATCT, GGGCGG, and TTTAAA boxes were found as common signals required for eukaryote gene expression within about 100 base pairs-upstream of the cap sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Site-specific mutagenesis of lysine-204, tyrosine-224, tyrosine-228, and histidine-307 of porcine kidney D-amino acid oxidase and the implications as to its catalytic function.

In order to evaluate the possible contributions of Lys-204, Tyr-224, Tyr-228, and His-307 in porcine kidney D-amino acid oxidase [EC 1.4.3.3] (DAO) to its catalytic function, we constructed four point mutant cDNAs encoding enzymes possessing Glu-204, Phe-224, Phe-228, and Leu-307 by oligonucleotide-directed in vitro mutagenesis. The four mutant cDNAs and the wild type cDNA could be expressed in vitro with similar efficiencies and about 200 ng of each enzyme protein was produced from 5 micrograms of the respective capped RNA. The electrophoretic mobilities of the in vitro synthesized mutant enzymes on SDS-polyacrylamide gel were almost identical with that of the wild type DAO, and the molecular weight was calculated to be 38,000. The Glu-204 and Phe-224 mutant DAOs showed comparable enzyme activities to that of the wild type enzyme, and were inhibited strongly by sodium benzoate, a potent competitive inhibitor of DAO. The kinetic parameters of the two mutant DAOs were also comparable to those of the wild type DAO. On the other hand, the Phe-228 and Leu-307 mutant DAOs showed no detectable activity. The results indicate that Tyr-228 and His-307 play important roles as to the constitution of the active site or participate in the reaction directly, while Lys-204 and Tyr-224 are not essential in the enzyme reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of bicarbonate on the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in anaerobic fructose-limited chemostat culture.

The effect of bicarbonate on the growth and product formation by a periodontopathic bacterium, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, was examined in an anaerobic chemostat culture with fructose as the limiting nutrient. The chemostat cultures were run at dilution rates between 0.04 and 0.25 h-1 and the maximum growth yield (Ymax fructose) was estimated to be 40.3 and 61.7 g dry wt (mol fructose)-1 in the absence and presence of bicarbonate, respectively. The major fermentation products in the absence of bicarbonate were formate, acetate, ethanol and succinate, with small amounts of lactate. The addition of bicarbonate to the medium resulted in a marked decrease in ethanol production and in a significant increase in succinate production. Washed cells possessed activity for the cleavage of formate to CO2 and H2, which seemed to play a role in supplying CO2 for the synthesis of succinate in the absence of bicarbonate. The study of enzyme activities in cell-free extracts suggested that fructose was fermented by the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. The values of Ymax ATP and the efficiency of ATP generation (ATP-Eff) during fructose catabolism were estimated and higher values were obtained for the culture in the presence of bicarbonate: 20.2 g dry wt (mol ATP)-1 and 3.0 mol ATP (mol fructose)-1, respectively, versus Ymax ATP = 15.1 and ATP-Eff = 2.7 in the absence of bicarbonate.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1989

Uncommon type of meningiomas with conspicuous plasmo-lymphocytic infiltration. An immunohistochemical and histochemical study.

Two cases of meningioma revealing conspicuous plasmo-lymphocytic tissue and hyalinized fibrous tissue components are reported. Histopathological examination of the plasmo-lymphocytic infiltration was performed. Both lesions showed polyclonality of plasma cells as revealed by positive reactions for IgG and paraimmunoglobulin kappa- and lambda-light chains, and amyloid infiltration into the fibrous stroma and blood vessel walls. The histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesion in relation to its etiology are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of cryptococcal meningitis successfully treated with miconazole and CSF drainage].

Cryptococcal meningitis is the most frequent fungal infection of the central nervous system, known readily to complicate with immuno-compromised patients. There are only a few cases of primary infection in healthy non-immuno-compromised patients. Amphotericin-B (AMPH-B) and 5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) are effective agents against Cryptococcal meningitis, although, their toxicity and drug resistance are limiting factors. However, in recent years Miconazole has been widely used against fungal infections and it's effectiveness has been reported. This is a 68 y.o. male who was admitted to Toyohashi Municipal Hospital on March 15, 1987 because of headache, vomiting, diplopia and gait disturbance. Continuous lumbar drainage was performed since lumbar puncture revealed surprisingly high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and presence of many Cryptococcus neoformans, i.v. AMPH-B and p.o. 5-FC was also administrated. A 7 day course of i.v. AMPH-B and p.o. 5-FC showed no improvement with side effects of macrohematuria and anorexia. Then Miconazole was administrated i.v. and intrathecal (i.t.). The clinical signs and CSF laboratory data improved after a 90 day course of Miconazole therapy and the patient was discharged on August 24. But the patient was readmitted from March 10 to April 30, 1988, because of a slight increase of C. neoformans in CSF (17/mm3) and improved by i.v. and i.t. Miconazole. The total Miconazole dosage was 90.6 g (i.t.: 505 mg) at the first admission and 36 g (i.t.: 50 mg) at the second admission, but no side effect was seen. The reduction of elevated CSF pressure with continuous CSF drainage was also important for the treatment of such cases with increased intracranial pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Renal vasoconstriction by the endothelial cell-derived peptide endothelin in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of endothelin on systemic and renal hemodynamics in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats were examined. Endothelin (500 ng i.v. +1,000 ng/hr per 300-g rat) elevated mean blood pressure by 13% (p less than 0.02) and decreased renal blood flow by 71% and glomerular filtration rate by 66% (both p less than 0.01), resulting in a 430% (p less than 0.05) increase in renal vascular resistance (RVR) in SHR. This rise in blood pressure was associated with a significant increase in hematocrit (+8%), but a decrease in urinary sodium excretion (-51%). This dose of endothelin reduced cardiac output by 40% (p less than 0.001) and brought about a 96% (p less than 0.01) rise in systemic vascular resistance (SVR). However, the SVR increase was significantly smaller than the RVR increase. These changes in systemic and renal hemodynamics were observed in a dose-dependent manner, and the degrees of change did not differ between the two strains. Additional infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (0.33 microgram/kg/min) into SHR completely reversed the changes in blood pressure and renal hemodynamics caused by endothelin, resulting in pronounced natriuresis (+760%). The renal vascular casting study revealed that endothelin mainly constricted the arcuate and interlobular arteries, as well as afferent arterioles. These results suggest that endothelin may be involved in blood pressure and body fluid volume regulation through systemic and renal vasoconstriction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Isolation of galactosaminoglycan moiety (CO-N) from protein-bound polysaccharide of Cordyceps ophioglossoides and its effects against murine tumors.

A galactosaminoglycan moiety was obtained from an antitumor polysaccharide fraction (SN-C) isolated from Cordyceps ophioglossoides culture. SN-C was subjected to sonication, then a protein-bound galactosaminoglycan (CO-N) was isolated specifically by precipitation with 10% ammonium hydroxide. When given intraperitoneally to mice, CO-N inhibited the proliferation of sarcoma 180 cells inoculated into the peritoneal cavity and exhibited a marked life-prolonging effect against ascitic tumors such as Ehrlich carcinoma and IMC carcinoma. CO-N also showed an inhibitory effect against solid Ehrlich carcinoma when given intratumorally and significantly inhibited the growth of a syngeneic solid tumor (MM46 mammary carcinoma) upon intravenous administration at a low dose. CO-N showed a cytocidal effect against cultured cells of IMC and P388D1 in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that fluorescein isothiocyanate-CO-N binds to the surface of Ehrlich cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Interaction between sympathetic nerve activity and atrial natriuretic peptide with respect to the effects on renal hemodynamics in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Since it is still controversial as to whether or not atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) antagonizes norepinephrine (NE)-induced vasoconstriction, we examined the interactions of ANP and NE with respect to renal circulation. (I) Although ANP infusion at 25 ng/kg/min for 40 min caused a decrease in total peripheral resistance (-11%, p less than 0.01) in 34 patients with cardiovascular disease and 15 normotensives (NTs), renal vascular resistance (RVR) was not reduced consistently by ANP. However, there was a negative correlation between changes in RVR and the preinfusion plasma NE level (r = -0.51, p less than 0.001). (II) When NE infusion into 6 NTs at 100 ng/kg/min was followed by ANP infusion, urinary Na excretion was increased to a greater degree than that by ANP infusion alone (+234% vs +34%, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, ANP brought about a recovery in NE-induced falls in renal blood flow (+40%) and glomerular filtration rate (+38%, both p less than 0.05). These effects were attributed to both a decrease in calculated renal afferent resistance and an increase in efferent resistance (-43% and +17%, respectively, p less than 0.05). Thus, increased sympathetic nervous activity seems to augment the renal effects of ANP, and the antagonistic effects of ANP to NE-induced preglomerular vasoconstriction may counteract Na retention caused by excessive sympathetic tone.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1989

The effects of atrial pacing and ballooning on the plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide in anesthetized dogs with or without vagotomy.

To study the mechanisms of release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the plasma concentration of ANP, atrial pressure and urinary sodium excretion were determined in anesthetized dogs during balloon inflation in the left atrium or during rapid atrial pacing. The effects of bilateral cervical vagotomy on these variables were also examined. Balloon inflation which elevated the left atrial pressure by more than 4 mmHg increased the plasma concentration of ANP (+40%, p less than 0.05). This increase in ANP concentration was not altered by vagotomy. Rapid atrial pacing at rates of more than 160 beats/min also significantly increased the left atrial pressure (+2.3 mmHg, p less than 0.02), urinary sodium excretion (+45%, p less than 0.05) and plasma concentration of ANP (+130%, p less than 0.05). Vagotomy did not affect these changes. The degree of the increase in plasma ANP concentration was significantly greater during rapid atrial pacing than during intraatrial ballooning. These results suggest that the release of ANP is stimulated in part by elevating the left atrial pressure and in part by increasing the frequency of atrial contractions and that the increase in the plasma ANP concentration is possibly involved in the so-called atrial natriuresis. Furthermore, the release of ANP was proven to be independent of the vagal nerve reflex.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1989

A possible physiological role of atrial natriuretic peptide in body fluid volume regulation.

To study whether or not atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is physiologically involved in body fluid volume regulation, we examined the relationship between plasma ANP level and renal function during NaCl loading and ANP infusion. In study I, six normotensives (NTs) and seven hypertensives (HTs) were placed on 7-day low (3 g/day) and then 7-day high NaCl diets (20 g/day). The plasma ANP level increased by 60% (p less than 0.01) on the high NaCl diet. Although the plasma ANP level was higher in HTs than in NTs, the changes in plasma ANP due to NaCl loading were similar between the two groups. Furthermore, increases in urinary Na excretion due to ANP infusion at 25 ng/kg/min were greater for the high NaCl diet than for the low NaCl diet (p less than 0.02). In study II, graded doses of ANP were infusion into 16 other HTs and Nts on an 8 g/day NaCl diet. ANP infusion at 2.5 ng/kg/min increased the plasma levels of ANP by 80% (p less than 0.001). Such increments were associated with an increase in urinary Na excretion by 25% (p less than 0.02) in both HTs and NTs. This rise in plasma ANP was comparable to that induced by high NaCl intake. Thus, a slight increase in plasma ANP induced by dietary Na loading seems to augment renal Na excretion, suggesting that ANP may play a physiological role in body fluid volume regulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Postoperative evaluation of mandibular prognathism corrected by sagittal splitting osteotomy].

The purpose of this study is to examine short-term postoperative stability of mandibular prognathism subjected to the surgical-orthodontic treatment. Eight skeletal Class III patients (7 females and 1 male) corrected by sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy after preoperative orthodontic treatment. The stable occlusions at six months after the orthognathic surgery were evaluated. Cephalometric radiographs and cephalometric laminagraphs were used as materials. The results were as follows: 1) Surgical changes: Pogonion was repositioned by 9.8 mm in an average. Overjet was increased of 9.1 mm in an average. Condyles were displaced antero-inferiorly in 3 cases. 2) Changes during intermaxillary fixation: Antero-superior rotation of the proximal segments were found. Region of chin moved inferiorly. Upper and lower incisors were inclined lingually. Variation of lower incisor inclination was larged. Condyle was displaced. 3) Changes from immediately before the release of intermaxillary fixation to the first month thereafter: Anterior-displacement of pogonion and antero-superior rotation of the proximal segment were found. Upper and lower incisors were inclined labially and lingually, respectively. Overjet was decreased. 4) Changes from the 1st to the 6th month after the release of intermaxillary fixation: Antero-superior rotation of the proximal segment and anterior displacement of pogonion were found to a slight extent. Upper incisor presented labial inclination and condyle tended to return to its preoperative position. The above results revealed that the aspect of relapse presented different changes between intermaxillary fixation period and after the release thereof. It was suggested to be ascribable to the setting up of the posterior margin of the distal segment in a position susceptible to the influence of soft tissues at skeletal fixation and to the extension of medial pterygoid muscle adherent to the distal segment. Therefore, appropriate retention of Class III elastics after the release there of were judged to be useful as countermeasures against relapse. In order to obtain postoperative stability, appropriate positioning of the proximal segment and countermeasures to the stress of medial pterygoid muscle during operation remain to be required further.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[A primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with remarkable lymphatic metastasis diagnosed by the stomach and lymph node biopsy].

This report describes the case of a 74-year-old female, who had been admitted to hospital because of epigastralgia and appetite loss. An ultrasonogram and a CT scan of the abdomen revealed a remarkable lymph node metastasis. Through an upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) X-ray, a Borrmann III type gastric carcinoma was detected. Under endoscopic guidance, a gastric and a lymph node specimen were taken and biopsied, revealing a keratinous, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, leading to a diagnosis of a primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with a remarkable lymphnode metastasis. After chemotherapy, a CT scan, a UGI X-ray, and an endoscopic examination revealed distinct tumor reduction.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Closure of interposition mesocaval shunt in a case of idiopathic portal hypertension.

Interposition mesocaval shunt for hemorrhagic esophageal varices was carried out in a patient with idiopathic portal hypertension without preoperative hepatic dysfunction. The esophageal varices were controlled, but the hemodynamics of the portal vein subsequently underwent gradual change and attacks of hepatic encephalopathy occurred frequently the following year. Therefore, the shunt was closed after about 2 yr. Hepatic encephalopathy disappeared after this surgery, but the varices obviously worsened on the 5th postoperative day and bled spontaneously on the 33rd postoperative day. A distal splenorenal shunt constructed 35 days after the operation resulted in the reduction, but not the complete disappearance, of esophageal varices. Episodes of hepatic encephalopathy or bleeding from the esophageal varices were not observed in the 24 months following the second shunt surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Species identification of blood stains using a biotin-labeled DNA probe.

In an attempt to identify blood stains of human origin, DNA was extracted from human and animal dried blood stains and examined using recombinant DNA techniques. As a DNA probe, biotin-labeled or radioisotopically labeled human repetitive sequence 2.3 Kb Hind III fragment (pH 12) in pBR 322 was used. The probe clearly hybridized with human DNA, but not with DNA extracted from frog, fish, mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, cat, dog, and sheep. DNA from a Japanese monkeies and from a chimpanzee also hybridized with comparable efficiency. The minimum amount of the blood for the species identification was estimated to 0.4 microliter of fresh blood, 2.1 microliters of 2 weeks old blood stain and 3.8 microliters of 3 months old blood stains, indicating that only one drop of human blood is sufficient for species identification. There was no difference of "signal" between isotopic and non-isotopic procedures for DNA analysis. The advantages of the non-isotopic method for species identification of blood stains in forensic science is briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of site-specific mutagenesis of tyrosine-55, methionine-110 and histidine-217 in porcine kidney D-amino acid oxidase on its catalytic function.

To assess the contributions of Tyr-55, Met-110 and His-217 in porcine kidney D-amino acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3, DAO) to its catalytic function, we constructed three mutant cDNAs coding for the enzymes possessing Phe-55, Leu-110 and Leu-217 by site-specific mutagenesis. The mutant and wild type cDNAs could be expressed in vitro with similar efficiency. The three mutant enzymes thus synthesized showed catalytic activities comparable to that of the wild type oxidase. It is concluded that Tyr-55, Met-110 and His-217 are not directly involved in the catalytic function.

Amino Acid Sequence↗