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Biomedical subjects

K Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to K Fukuda.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cerebral vein disorders and postoperative brain damage associated with the pterional approach in aneurysm surgery.

The possible causes of postoperative brain damage were examined in 100 cases of cerebral aneurysms operated on by the pterional approach. Postoperative brain damage occurred in 15% of cases, located mostly in the inferior frontal lobe. Its incidence was higher in early than in delayed operation and increased with severity of preoperative clinical conditions but not correlated with patient age and aneurysm location. The venous perfusion patterns in the inferior frontal lobe were classified into three types based on preoperative venograms: Sylvian type drained mainly into the superficial Sylvian veins (SSVs), Frontal type drained mainly into the frontal bridging veins, and Intermediate type. Postoperative brain damage was most frequent in the Sylvian type with statistical significance (p < 0.01). The brain retraction procedure impairs regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Venous congestion in the retracted inferior frontal lobe, caused by stretching and narrowing of SSVs due to both brain retraction and dissection of the Sylvian fissure, also reduces rCBF. Thus, a marked reduction in rCBF in the retracted area causes postoperative brain damage. Postoperative venograms showed the SSVs to be obscured in 24% of patients, indicating that the pterional approach possibly influences the SSV perfusion. A venous perfusion disorder during the pterional approach is the most important factor in postoperative brain damage, and careful preoperative assessment of cerebral veins is indispensable.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Maternal and other factors of cryptorchidism--a case-control study in Japan.

A case-control study of cryptorchidism was undertaken in Japan. A hundred and eight mothers of children with cryptorchidism and mothers of their matched controls were surveyed. After 4 pairs which consisted of one of twin siblings either in the cases or the controls were excluded, 104 paired data of singletons were analyzed. As a result, a significantly smaller proportion of the case mothers had suffered from vomiting during the index pregnancy than that of the control mothers (odds ratio, or OR = 0.50, 95% confidence interval, or CI 0.28-0.89). A significantly larger proportion of the case mothers had delivered the index child by vacuum or breech extraction, or Caesarean section than that of the control mothers (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.01-3.98). A significantly larger proportion of the case mothers had never breast-fed the index child than that of the control mothers (OR = 3.50, 95% CI 1.20-10.21). Significantly larger proportions of the cases had inguinal hernia (OR = 9.00, 95% CI 1.29-62.97), or congenital cardiac diseases (OR = 8/0, p < 0.05) than those of the controls. It was inferred that endogenous hormonal milieu of a mother, rather than exogenous hormones, might be associated with the occurrence of cryptorchidism.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1992

Retention fluids of chronic sinusitis induce neutrophil adherence to microvascular endothelial cells.

The adherence of circulating leukocytes to the vascular endothelium is a critical step in the emigration of leukocytes through blood vessel walls to inflammatory lesions. The influence of nasal secretions on the adherence of neutrophils to the vascular endothelium was investigated using monolayers of human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells derived from the inferior turbinate. Preincubation of vascular endothelial cells with retention fluids from the maxillary sinus of the patients with chronic sinusitis showed increased neutrophil adherence. Recombinant IL-1 beta was also tested and found to induce adherence of neutrophils to human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells. However, no adhesive effect was observed with the nasal secretions of nasal allergy. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected considerable amounts of IL-1 beta in the chronic sinusitis retention fluids, while the amounts of IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha were very low. The increased adhesion of the neutrophils by the retention fluids of chronic sinusitis was also neutralized by the incubation with anti-IL-1 beta antibody in a dose dependent manner. These findings suggest that IL-1 beta in the paranasal secretion of chronic sinusitis induces the adherence of neutrophils to vascular endothelium and subsequent infiltration of neutrophils in the paranasal sinuses, thus contributing to the persistence of chronic sinusitis.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of respiratory system diseases using radio isotopes].

Common respiratory diagnostic imaging techniques using radioisotopes are ventilation-perfusion, perfusion, aerosol inhalation and tumor scintigraphy. The special features of respiratory imaging diagnostic techniques using radioisotopes are the possibility of early detection of disease and the non-invasiveness of the procedure. Also, no patient effort is required. The kinds of isotopes used are as follows: ventilation-perfusion (133Xe, 13N, 99mTc-pseudogas), perfusion (131I, 99mTc), aerosol inhalation (99mTc), tumor (67Ga, 201Tl). The advantages of these procedures are expected to lead to further developments in respiratory examinations using radio isotopes.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Characteristics of jugular venous pulse and its genesis in Ebstein's anomaly].

To clarify the characteristics of the jugular venous pulse and its genesis in Ebstein's anomaly, 6 patients with Ebstein's anomaly whose mean age was 45 +/- 9 years, and 10 normal subjects with a mean age of 27 +/- 6 years were studied by phono-mechanocardiography and echocardiography. The parameters included the relative height of the jugular "c" wave, the relative timing of the upstroke (Q-Cu interval) and the peak of the jugular "c" wave (Q-Cpeak interval), the relative timing of the upstroke of the carotid artery pulse, the relative timing of tricuspid valve closure (Q-Tc interval), the excursion of the closing motion of the anterior tricuspid leaflet (TV excursion), the distance between the anterior mitral annulus and the septal tricuspid annulus (M-T distance), the area of atrialized right ventricle (ARV area) and the maximum area of the tricuspid regurgitant signal. Among 6 patients with Ebstein's anomaly, tricuspid regurgitation was predominant in 4 and mild in the remaining 2. The results were as follows: 1. A large jugular "c" wave was observed in 4 of the 6 patients. Two patients with large ARV area had giant "c" wave. 2. The interval of the upstroke of the carotid artery pulse and that of the jugular "c" wave was about 39.2 msec. 3. The Q-Tc interval was significantly longer and the TV excursion was significantly greater in the patients than in the normal controls. 4. There was only a weak positive correlation between the Q-Cpeak interval and the Q-Tc interval. No significant correlation was observed between the relative height of the jugular "c" wave and the TV excursion. 5. There was a positive correlation between the relative height of the jugular "c" wave, the ARV area and M-T distance. 6. No obvious correlation was observed between the grade of tricuspid regurgitation and the relative height of the jugular "c" wave. These results suggest that augmentation of the "c" wave of the jugular venous pulse is characteristic of Ebstein's anomaly and that it correlates closely with the severity of displacement of the tricuspid valve and the size of the atrialized right ventricle.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical significance of the click intervals for the diagnosis of dysfunction of the Medtronic-Hall prosthetic valve].

To investigate the clinical significance of click interval for evaluation of prosthetic valve dysfunction, 20 patients underwent Medtronic-Hall (MH) valve replacement (14 in the mitral position and 6 in the aortic position) were studied by simultaneous high-speed recordings of phonocardiogram, echocardiogram and/or Doppler echocardiogram. Two of the 20 patients, one in the mitral and the other in the aortic position, showed MH valve dysfunction. Eleven patients with normally functioning Björk-Shiley (BS) valve in the mitral position served as controls. Results were as follows: 1. There were usually 3 opening clicks (OC1, OC2, OC3) in patients with normally functioning MH valve in the mitral position. These 3 clicks coincided in timing with the beginning of opening, maximum opening and the end of sliding motion, respectively. Both OC1 and OC2 of the MH valve occurred in similar timing with those of the BS valve (A2-OC1 interval: MH = 65.4 +/- 11.8 msec vs BS = 72.3 +/- 17.2 msec; OC1-OC2 interval: MH = 31.2 +/- 7.7 msec vs BS = 27.3 +/- 6.1 msec). However, OC3 occurred significantly later in MH valve than in the BS valve (OC2-OC3 interval: MH = 32.3 +/- 7.5 msec vs BS = 16.4 +/- 3.8 msec, p < 0.01). 2. There were 2 closing clicks (CC1, CC2) in normally functioning the MH valve in the aortic position. These 2 clicks coincided in timing with the beginning and the end of the closing motion, respectively. Mean value of CC1-CC2 interval in 5 prosthetic patients with normal function was 31.0 +/- 9.6 msec. 3. A patient with malfunctioning MH valve in the mitral position showed a markedly prolonged OC1-OC2 interval, ranging from 66 to 140 msec, and she had multiple diastolic clicks after the OC2 phase. Prolonged OC1-OC2 interval was mainly caused by the delay of appearance of OC2, and it was thought to be due to temporary limitation of opening motion of the valve by valve thrombosis. 4. A patient with malfunctioning MH valve in the aortic position showed a markedly prolonged CC1-CC2 interval (100 msec), and he had a significant severe aortic regurgitation during this phase. At operation, fibrinoid thrombus was attached to the aortic annulus at the side of minor orifice of the valve. Closing motion of the valve was disturbed by this thrombus, and the completion of valve closure was markedly delayed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Mitral valve prolapse associated with partial absence of commissural chordal insertion: report of two cases].

We reported 2 cases of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) associated with partial absence of the chordae tendineae. Case 1 was a 25-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for further examinations of an apical pansystolic murmur (Levine 4/6) and the abnormal shadow on his chest radiograph. He was diagnosed as having grade 3 + mitral regurgitation (MR) by the Sellers classification and pulmonary varix by cardiac catheterization. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed MVP of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet and MR blowing into the pulmonary varix. Case 2 was a 60-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of congestive heart failure and apical pansystolic murmur (Levine 4/6). Parasternal echocardiography revealed prolapse of both the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets and moderate MR. In both cases, absence of insertion of anterolateral commissural chordae was confirmed after surgery, and the abnormalities of chordal arrangement and insertion were considered as causes of MVP in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Secretion of hyaluronic acid from synovial fibroblasts is enhanced by histamine: a newly observed metabolic effect of histamine.

We obtained evidence for the presence of histamine H1 and H2 receptors in normal synovial fibroblasts. Histamine enhanced proliferation of these synovial fibroblasts and stimulated the release of hyaluronic acid from these tissues. The molecular weight of hyaluronic acid decreased with this stimulation. The release of lower molecular weight hyaluronic acid from the synovium by histamine may be an important factor in joint disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Study for the nature of interfering substances responsible for non-specific reactive phenomena occurred occasionally in EIA determination of CA125].

We studied the nature of IgM-like protein responsible for non-specific reactive phenomena occurred occasionally in EIA determination of CA125. We isolated highly purified IgM-like protein from two patients with non-specifically high CA125 serum values in affinity high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using anti-human IgM antibody-TSKgel Tresy15PW column. The isolated IgM-like protein possessed CA125 activity determined in EIA method. SDS-PAGE profiles of this isolated IgM-like protein were compatible with that of normal human IgM, and were distinct from those of CA125 antigen. Moreover, we ruled out the possibility that the Fc region of anti-CA125 monoclonal antibody might be responsible for the non-specific reactive phenomena. Thus, the data obtained from the present study indicate that the IgM-like protein is an anti-idiotypic antibody against the anti-CA125 monoclonal antibody (OC125).

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1992

[The effects of oxygen and vasodilators on pulmonary hemodynamics and blood gases in chronic lung disease].

The effects of oxygen inhalation, nitroglycerin (NTG) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on pulmonary hemodynamics and blood gases were studied in 15 patients with chronic lung disease (CLD). Cardiac catheterization was performed with Swan-Ganz catheter, and pulmonary hemodynamics and cardiac output were measured. After baseline hemodynamics and blood gas measurements were made, 15 patients inhaled oxygen for 15 minutes and the same measurements were repeated. Twenty minutes later, oxygen inhalation was stopped. Then the 15 patients were divided into two groups; one group was administered sublingual NTG (7 patients) and the other was administered PGE1 by continuous intravenous infusion (8 patients). Pulmonary hemodynamics and blood gas measurements were then performed. Oxygen inhalation significantly reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 22.2 +/- 8.8 to 20.0 +/- 6.4 mmHg; p < 0.01) and heart rate (from 78.1 +/- 12.0 to 75.5 +/- 12.5 beats/min; p < 0.05). With respect to oxygenation, oxygen inhalation significantly increased PaO2 (from 68.6 +/- 10.7 to 113.4 +/- 31.4 mmHg; p < 0.01), PvO2 (from 35.1 +/- 3.7 to 38.0 +/- 3.3 mmHg; p < 0.01). Therefore, oxygen inhalation was thought to be useful in patients with chronic lung disease with pulmonary hypertension. Sublingual administration of NTG significantly reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure (from 24.1 +/- 0.2 to 17.6 +/- 6.8 mmHg; p < 0.01), C.I. (from 2.9 +/- 0.2 to 2.3 +/- 0.2 ml/min/m; p < 0.01), O2-transport (from 589.1 +/- 168.4 to 457.0 +/- 105.8 ml/min; p < 0.01), and had a tendency to decrease PvO2 (from 34.3 +/- 3.0 to 32.1 +/- 1.8 mmHg; p < 0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Lean hypertension].

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Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of fibrotic lung diseases by long-term evaluation with 133Xe functional imaging].

Semiquantitative analysis of regional lung function was carried out using 133Xe functional imaging, which can be performed repeatedly in a non-invasive and effortless way, on 33 patients with fibrotic lung disease, which often occurs in aged patients with decreased lung function. The results of this analysis were compared with those obtained by conventional methods, including chest X-ray and CT examinations and testing of whole lung function. The results obtained from the 33 patients (fibrotic group) were also compared with those obtained from 28 normal adults (control group), and 7 of the 33 patients were followed up for a long period of time. In the fibrotic group, both V/V and Q/V decreased in bilateral lower lung zones, while Q/V increased in upper lung zones, resulting in a tendency toward less differences in V/Q among upper, middle and lower zones. The mean MWT in the whole lung was shortened to 68 +/- 13 sec. in the fibrotic group from 74 +/- 9 sec. observed in the control group. Such a difference in MWT between the fibrotic and control groups was also seen in the upper and middle zones. As for long-term changes, although V/V showed no marked changes, Q/V demonstrated progressive and remarkable decreases in the lower lung zone, therefore, V/Q was uniformly distributed over the whole lung in appearance. MWT was prolonged with time in all of the 7 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Histamine receptors in arthritis].

Histamine H1 and H2 receptors in lymphocytes, bone marrow mononuclear cells, synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes were measured by binding assay and pharmacological study. Histamine suppressed IgG production through H1 and H2 receptors and cytotoxic activity through H2 receptor in lymphocyte. Histamine increased the production of hyaluronic acid in synovial fibroblast through H1 and H2 receptors. In the production of keratan sulfate in the chondrocyte, histamine increased through H1 receptor and decreased through H2 receptor. In arthritis, the functions of H2 receptor in the lymphocyte, bone marrow mononuclear cell and synovial fibroblast were decreased, and the function of H1 receptor in the chondrocyte was decreased. On the other hand, histamine content was reported to increase in synovial fluid with RA. Our data indicate histamine had suppressive effects on IgG production and cytotoxic activity, but the functions of histamine receptors, especially H2 receptor, were decreased in RA. The beneficial effects of histamine in RA synovial fluid might therefore be decreased by hypofunction of the H2 receptor. These data suggest that abnormalities in histamine receptors in arthritis could be involved in perpetuating the inflammatory process in RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Characteristics of dehydroepiandrosterone as a peroxisome proliferator.

Treatment of rats with dehydroepiandrosterone (300 mg/kg body weight, per os, 14 days) caused a remarkable increase in the number of peroxisomes and peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity in the liver. The activities of carnitine acetyltransferase, microsomal laurate 12-hydroxylation, cytosolic palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, malic enzyme and some other enzymes were also increased. The increases in these enzyme activities were all greater in male rats than in female rats. Immunoblot analysis revealed remarkable induction of acyl-CoA oxidase and enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme in the liver and to a smaller extent in the kidney, whereas no significant induction of these enzymes was found in the heart. The increase in the hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity reached a maximal level at day 5 of the treatment of dehydroepiandrosterone and the increased activity rapidly returned to the normal level on discontinuation of the treatment. The increase in the activity was also dose-dependent, which was saturable at a dose of more than 200 mg/kg body weight. All these features in enzyme induction caused by dehydroepiandrosterone correlate well with those observed in the treatment of clofibric acid, a peroxisome proliferator. Co-treatment of dehydroepiandrosterone and clofibric acid showed no synergism in the enhancement of peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity, suggesting the involvement of a common process in the mechanism by which these compounds induce the enzymes. These results indicate that dehydroepiandrosterone is a typical peroxisome proliferator. Since dehydroepiandrosterone is a naturally occurring C19 steroid in mammals, the structure of which is novel compared with those of peroxisome proliferators known so far, this compound could provide particular information in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the induction of peroxisome proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Demonstration of cross-linked cytokeratin polypeptides in transplantable rat hepatoma cells.

Covalently cross-linked multimers of cytokeratins were shown to be present in transplantable Morris hepatoma 7777 cells. These high molecular weight antigens were not detectable in normal rat liver cells. However, identical high molecular weight antigens were also demonstrated in rat liver cells when the cells were homogenized in solutions containing Ca2+. The cross-linking reaction was suggested to be mediated by the action of tissue transglutaminases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Modulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity by nonspecific lipid transfer protein in human liver--possibly altered regulation of its cytosolic level in patients with gallstones.

Nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) partially purified from human liver stimulated human microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Addition of the nsLTP preparation to the reaction mixture enhanced the activity two-fold. Treatment of the nsLTP preparation with anti-rat nsLTP antiserum, which cross-reacts with human nsLTP, reduced the 7 alpha-hydroxylase-stimulating ability. These observations suggested that nsLTP plays a role in regulating the 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the human liver. 7 alpha-Hydroxylase activity in eight patients with cholesterol gallstones (4.7 +/- 1.6 pmol/min per mg microsomal protein) was significantly lower than that in five controls (7.9 +/- 3.4) (P less than 0.05). The amount of nsLTP in the cytosolic fraction (105,000 X g supernatant) of human liver was determined by dot-blotting immunoquantitation with the antiserum. The cytosolic level of nsLTP in the liver of the patients (716 +/- 239 cpm/3 micrograms protein) was higher than that in the controls (438 +/- 184) although the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. This suggested that control of the cytosolic level may be affected in patients with cholesterol gallstones.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and genetic study of p-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine-resistant mutants overproducing beta-phenethyl-alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

p-Fluoro-DL-phenylalanine (PFP)-resistant mutants which produce a large amount of beta-phenethyl-alcohol, a rose-like flavor component, were isolated from the isogenic strains X2180-1A and X2180-1B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells of these mutants accumulated phenylalanine and tryptophan more than 3-fold times that of wild-type cells, while they accumulated less than half the tyrosine. The activity of prephenate dehydrogenase (PDG) (EC 1.3.1.12) was markedly decreased while that of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (EC 4.1.2.15) was increased. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutation occurred at the TYR1 locus, encoding PDG, and that the mutated TYR1 gene, try1-pfp, caused both PFP resistance and beta-phenethyl-alcohol overproduction. This was supported by molecular genetic studies with cloned tyr1-pfp DNA.

Alleles↗