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Biomedical subjects

K Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to K Fukuda.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical study of p53 in gastric carcinoma.

The authors had previously reported that the accumulation of p53 is clearly demonstrable in microwave-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of colorectal carcinomas. In the present paper, the authors performed an immunohistochemical study of p53 in gastric carcinomas prepared by microwave irradiation. Using a monoclonal antibody (PAb1801), nuclear p53 was detected in 22 of 45 (49%) cases of gastric carcinoma, and no staining for p53 was demonstrated in the adjacent normal epithelium, including areas of intestinal metaplasia. The incidence of p53 accumulation was not affected by clinical features, such as tumor stage, depth of invasion, and metastasis; however, positivity for p53 was significantly higher in intestinal-type carcinomas (56%) than in diffuse-type (27%) carcinomas. Furthermore, a large number of carcinoma cells expressed p53 in the intestinal-type, but only a few cells were positive for p53 in the diffuse-type. The results of the present immunohistochemical study of p53 accumulation in gastric carcinomas suggest that gene alterations of p53 are not rare in gastric carcinomas and may participate in the carcinogenesis of intestinal-type carcinomas of the stomach.

Gastric Mucosa↗
PubMed1994

Deficient activity of stimulatory nucleotide-binding regulatory protein in lymphocytes from patients with essential hypertension.

Lymphocytes are widely used as a model for the cardiovascular beta-adrenoceptor-adenylate cyclase system. We evaluated the role of this system in the pathogenesis of hypertension by studying lymphocytes obtained from patients with essential hypertension. Untreated hypertensive patients and normotensive control subjects were studied. The number and affinity of the beta-adrenoceptors were measured by a radioligand binding method with 125I-cyanopindolol. The responses of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to isoproterenol, cholera toxin, and forskolin were also determined. The concentration and affinity of beta-adrenoceptors did not differ significantly in the two groups, nor was a significant difference found in the basal level of cAMP. The effects of isoproterenol on the accumulation of cAMP were reduced in the lymphocytes from the hypertensive compared with the normotensive subjects. There was no significant difference in the effect of forskolin on cAMP accumulation in the two groups. These results indicate that the activity of the stimulatory nucleotide binding regulatory protein (Gs-protein) is reduced in lymphocytes from patients with essential hypertension. This defect of Gs-protein in the lymphocytes may represent a defect of Gs-protein in the cardiovascular system in such patients.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1994

Uterine endometrial cavity movement and cervical mucus.

Uterine endometrial movements were observed by transvaginal ultrasound during mid- and late follicular phase and luteal phase in 273 cycles (180 spontaneous cycles in 72 patients; 75 clomiphene citrate cycles in 18 patients; 18 gonadotrophin cycles in 11 patients). The percentage of scans with endometrial movements was 74% in the mid-follicular phase, 96% in the late follicular phase and 72% in the luteal phase. Movements of endometrial cavity echo-free space were observed only in the late follicular phase when the cervical mucus was abundant. The direction of these endometrial cavity movements was objective and therefore distinct. The movements were either vertical (cervix-fundus) or horizontal at the fundus, often to and fro, not unidirectional. The endometrial cavity echo-free space content showed a fern-leaf pattern similar to that of cervical mucus. Thus the content might be cervical mucus plus endometrial secretion, and these fluids might be circulating, flushing or communicating via the cervical canal and the Fallopian tubes through these endometrial cavity movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Developmental changes of DNA methylation pattern of embryonic chick pepsinogen gene.

Embryonic chick pepsinogen (ECPg) is one of the pepsinogen isozymogens and its expression is restricted to epithelial cells of the embryonic chick proventriculus (glandular stomach). To examine whether DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of organ-specific and developmental stage-specific expression of ECPg gene, we analyzed the extent of methylation of ECPg gene in normal embryonic and hatched chick organs using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. In the proventriculus some CCGG sites underwent demethylation in the gene region after the onset of transcription of the ECPg gene. By contrast, these sites were kept methylated throughout the development in the other organs which do not express ECPg gene. GCGC sites in the gene region became methylated in organs which do not express the ECPg gene, after the initiation of transcription of the ECPg gene in the proventriculus. In the proventriculus, GCGC sites, which were methylated in other organs, were kept unmethylated throughout the development. The methylation state of CpG sites showed no change in the proventriculus of a chick 2 weeks after hatching when the expression of the ECPg gene had completely ceased. The data presented here demonstrate that the DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of organ-specific expression, but stage-specific expression might be brought about by some other mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Determination of the glucurono-conjugated position in bile alcohol glucuronides excreted in urine of a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis by a nuclear magnetic resonance study.

This paper describes the determination of the glucurono-conjugated position in two bile alcohol glucuronides excreted in urine of a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis by a nuclear magnetic resonance study. The urine sample was extracted with reversed-phase resin, and chromatographed on a reversed-phase partition column and a silica gel column to isolate glucurono-conjugates of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25-tetrol and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 23,25- pentol. Proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the natural tetrol glucuronide were identical with those of the chemically synthesized tetrol glucuronide, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyluronic acid. Hence, the glucurono-conjugated position of the natural tetrol glucuronide was determined to be the C-3 position. By comparison of the 13C chemical shift data with that of the unconjugated pentol, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 23,25-pentol, the glucurono-conjugated position of the natural pentol glucuronide was determined to be C-23. Thus the natural pentol glucuronide can be formulated as 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25- tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestane-23-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid. The difference in the glucurono-conjugated position between the 25-tetrol glucuronide and the 23,25-pentol glucuronide indicates that the former is not the biosynthetic precursor of the latter.

Cholestanols↗
PubMed1994

Detection and cloning of human papillomavirus DNA associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Thailand.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is highly prevalent in Thailand. In this study, we examined the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in 25 RRP patients in Thailand by means of dot blot analysis and/or polymerase chain reaction. Eighty-four percent (21/25) of cases and 4% (1/25) of cases were positive for HPV-11 DNA and HPV-6 DNA, respectively. Three cases (3/25) were negative for all of the examined HPV types. No cases were positive for HPV-16 or 18. Furthermore, we isolated the recombinant HPV-11 DNA clone from a genomic library constructed with the DNA of RRP tissue. The restriction map of the cloned HPV DNA was identical with the map of known HPV-11 DNA. These results suggest at least that no specific HPV type or subtype is likely to be associated with RRP in Thailand.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the Nagasaki Rosai Hospital during the past 6 years].

In this clinical study we tried to find out the clinical significance of positive blood cultures between Jan. 1984 and Dec. 1989 in the Nagasaki Rosai Hospital. In this period the association between the isolated bacteria from blood cultures (398 specimens: 17.9%) and clinical background were evaluated. Each year the positive cultures were seen in about 18-20%. The distribution of bacteria showed increase percentage of the gram-positive organisms such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Gram-negative organisms in included P. aeruginosa, A. calcoaceticus and E. coli. A. calcoaceticus was frequently found from the dept. of neurosurgery. Fungus, mostly Candida, was isolated in about 10-20%. The specimens were provided from department of internal medicine (62.9%) and neurosurgery (22.8%). An analysis of 213 episodes of 188 bacteremic cases was made. The onset of bacteremia had two peaks, 24 h or 1 month, after admission. The primary infected sites were the urinary tract (26.7%), respiratory system (14.5%) and central nervous system (6.1%). The central venous catheter was an important infected site. The major underlying diseases included acute cerebrovascular diseases, cardiac failure due to valvular heart diseases or acute myocardial infarction and/or iatrogenic immunocompromised state. The major complications were disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (24.4%) and multiple organ failure (MOF) (8.9%). Half of the DIC episodes was caused by gram-positive cocci such as CNS, E. faecalis and MRSA. 68.4% of MOF episodes was associated with gram-negative bacteria. While the remainder was caused by gram-positive cocci including CNS and MRSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Parietal pleural invasion of lung masses: evaluation with CT performed during deep inspiration and expiration.

PURPOSE: To determine whether respiratory phase shift of lung masses at computed tomography (CT) indicates the absence of parietal pleural invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Helical CT was performed during deep inspiration and expiration in 17 patients with peripheral lung tumors in contact with the chest wall. Changes in the location of the tumor relative to a chest wall marker were noted. RESULTS: Six of 10 lesions in the middle or lower lobes showed substantial respiratory phase shift; all were proved at surgery not to have invaded the parietal pleura. Three of the 10 showed no respiratory phase shift and were found at surgery to have invaded the parietal pleura. CT findings for tumors in the upper lobe did not correlate with the surgical findings. CONCLUSION: The presence of respiratory phase shift is a reliable indicator of the lack of parietal pleural invasion for tumors in the middle or lower lobes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Laboratory-documented hallucination during sleep-onset REM period in a normal subject.

During an experiment on nocturnal sleep interruption, we observed a unique case of hallucination without sleep paralysis during the sleep-onset REM period in a normal individual. We documented the polysomnogram recorded during this hallucination. The polysomnogram showed a mixed pattern of Stages REM and W, with muscle-tone inhibition, rapid eye movements (REMs), slow eye movements (SEMs), and abundant alpha EEG trains. The blocking of alpha EEG trains by REMs appeared to reflect visual processing similar to that which occurs during waking. This hallucination was distinct from ordinary sleep-onset mentation in that it included strong emotional components and in that the subject simultaneously experienced both hallucinatory mentation and reality contact. This hallucination may resemble sleep paralysis with regard to its physiological and psychological background, and the discrimination of these two phenomena may depend on the subject's own awareness of muscle-tone inhibition.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vascular mineralization in the monkey brain.

Mineralization of various degrees was found in the brains of 79 (59%) of 134 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). There was no age dependency in the incidence or severity, nor were there any abnormalities in growth, weight gain, or neurologic signs, although a slight sex difference was observed. The lesions, which were basophilic and intensely positive for periodic acid-Schiff or von Kossa stain, occurred in the vascular walls of the globus pallidus in two types: globoid bodies with prominent concentric lamellar structures in and around the arteriolar and venular wall (type A) and fine granules in the media of small or medium-sized arteries (type B). Electron microscopic examination revealed dense deposits in the degenerated media of small or medium-sized arteries or the thickened walls of the arterioles. X-ray microanalysis demonstrated the presence of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, magnesium, and aluminum.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Mesenchymal regulation of epithelial gene expression in developing avian stomach: 5'-flanking region of pepsinogen gene can mediate mesenchymal influence on its expression.

The expression of a gene encoding an embryonic chick pepsinogen was investigated in developing avian gut. Expression is restricted to the epithelial layer of the embryonic proventriculus (glandular stomach). We can therefore regard this gene as a marker gene for proventricular epithelial differentiation. There is some considerable evidence in favour of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions being important during the development of the gastrointestinal system; for example, pepsinogen expression is induced in proventricular and gizzard (muscular stomach) epithelial by the proventricular mesenchyme but is suppressed by the gizzard mesenchyme. In the present paper, we studied how the mesenchymes influence this gene expression pattern. For this we produced constructs containing various portions of the 5'-flanking region of the embryonic chick pepsinogen gene, driving reporter sequences (beta-galactocidase or luciferase), and these constructs were transfected into dissociated epithelial cells either from the proventriculus or gizzard. We then recombined these cells with mesenchymal cells and cultured them as cell aggregates. In this way, we were able to dissect the timing and other requirements of the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions for expression of embryonic chick pepsinogen gene. We also report that 1.1 kb of 5'-flanking sequence is sufficient to drive correct expression of embryonic chick pepsinogen gene, although further enhancement was seen if the constructs contained 3.2 kb of upstream sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Localization of IL-1 beta mRNA and cell adhesion molecules in the maxillary sinus mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis.

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a predominant cytokine in retained paranasal sinus fluid of chronic sinusitis where infiltration by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) of nasal and paranasal mucosa is characteristic. The authors investigated the localization of IL-1 beta messenger RNA (mRNA) in the maxillary sinus mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis, using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes. IL-1 beta mRNA was detected in some extravascular PMNs and small numbers of mononuclear leukocytes but was not detected in other tissue cells or intravascular leukocytes. The expression and distribution of the cell adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), were also studied in cultured human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells and in the maxillary sinus mucosa in chronic sinusitis by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against these cell adhesion molecules. Only ICAM-1 was expressed on cultured human mucosal microvascular endothelial cells without IL-1 beta stimulation. With IL-1 beta activation of these cells, ELAM-1 was expressed strongly and the expression of ICAM-1 was enhanced. In the maxillary sinus mucosa, ICAM-1 was strongly and universally expressed on endothelial cells of all small vessels, whereas ELAM-1 was expressed only in the subepithelial region. These findings suggest that IL-1 beta, one of mediators in chronic sinusitis, is produced by PMNs, induces the expression of ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 on endothelial cells, and, thereby, stimulates PMN infiltration in chronic sinusitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case of orthostatic and postexertional hypotension with ischemic electrocardiographic changes.

A case of orthostatic and postexertional hypotension with ischemic electrocardiographic changes is reported. The etiology was considered to be the partial dysfunction of efferent sympathetic nerve endings. Peripheral adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta) were up-regulated, which might have caused pseudoischemic electrocardiographic changes and abnormal vasodilation after exercise.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of eyeblink activity during discriminative tasks.

To evaluate the blinking pattern during and after cognitive processing, 10 subjects' eyeblinks were recorded by a videotape recording camera placed 100 cm from the subjects' side. The subjects' task was to discriminate two kinds of auditory tones presented serially and to discriminate two kinds of visual stimuli presented serially. Treatments were composed of the baseline condition preexperiment, the visual task with no discrimination, the visual discriminative task, the auditory task with no discrimination, and the auditory discriminative task. The blink rate in each treatment, the temporal distribution of blinks poststimulus, and the blink waveform were evaluated. Although blinks were not inhibited during tasks, frequent blinks after tasks were observed in both modalities. Blinks concentrated between 300 msec. and 800 msec. after the discriminated stimulus and formulated the blink-rate peak. The closing velocity of lid in the blink rate peak was lower after auditory stimulus. Moreover, the lid's opening velocity after the auditory discrimination was higher. These results indicated that the eyelid closed slowly and opened quickly after the auditory discriminative stimulus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Genotype-phenotype agreement of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in 120 healthy Japanese.

An individual genotype of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 was observed using nail clippings by an improved method consisting of DNA extraction with guanidium thiocyanate, genomic DNA amplification by non-isotopic polymerase chain reaction, and gel electrophoresis of the DNA fragment. The results were consistent with those obtained using the corresponding peripheral blood samples. The individual phenotype was also determined by the Tokyo-University ALDH2-Phenotype Screening Test. Both types of ALDH2 were observed in 120 healthy Japanese and 48% were the typical or normal homozygote, 43% were the heterozygote, and 9% were the atypical or mutant homozygote of ALDH2. Among 57 individuals of both sexes with the typical homozygote, 88% were the phenotype of a non-flusher. Similarly 76% of the 63 heterozygote/atypical homozygotes had the phenotype of a flusher.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and clearance of extravasated proteins after experimental brain injury].

It is well recognized that extravasation of circulating proteins is contributed to the formation of vasogenic brain edema after traumatic brain injury. However, clearance of the extravasated proteins from brain tissue remains unclear. In the present study we therefore identified the clearance procedure by evaluating extravascular localization of endogenous serum albumin and exogenous protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), after experimental brain injury in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to a lateral fluid percussive injury. In study 1, HRP was given intravenously 10 minutes before sacrifice. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 24, 72 hours and 7 days after injury in order to determine re-establishment of the blood-brain barrier. In study 2 extravascular accumulation of serum albumin and HRP given before impact was examined at 1, 6, 24, 72 hours and 7 days after injury to evaluate the clearance of these extravasated proteins. Localization of each protein was assessed in injured brain sections at the microscopic level. In study 1, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier was noted in various regions of the injured brain at 1 hour. This barrier disruption was restored in almost regions by 2 hours. Impact site, however, remained permeable upto 72 hours. In study 2, the distribution of extravasated proteins was similar between albumin and HRP at 1 hour post-injury. Pronounced extravasation of both proteins occurred in discrete regions through the injured brain. After 6 hours post-injury a differential accumulation was noted between albumin and HRP. The diffuse extracellular accumulation of albumin was most widespread at 24 hours and less intense at 72 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗