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Biomedical subjects

K Fukao

Publications and source records attributed to K Fukao.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Superficial and protruding type of esophageal adenocarcinoma mucocellulare and muconodulare confined mostly to the lamina propria mucosa and partly in the submucosal layer.

We report a case with an adenocarcinoma mucocellulare and muconodulare of the esophagus which is limited to the lamina propria mucosa and the submucosal layer. The patient, a 74-year-old man had the chief complaints of hematemesis and melena. A superficial and protruding (0-I) type of lesion was found at the lower thoracic portion of the esophagus by X-ray and endoscopic examination. The surgically resected esophageal specimen showed 0-I and predominantly subepithelial (Sep) type. The tumor is presumed to have arisen from the cardiac glands in the lamina propria mucosa of the lowermost region of the esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Can ulinastatin be an effective inhibitor of human polymorphonuclear granulocyte elastase under severe stressed state?].

The inhibitory effect of ulinastatin (UST), an intrinsic human trypsin inhibitor was investigated on the activity of polymorphonuclear granulocyte elastase (PMNE) with or without alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) using the in vitro models. The results of the dodecyl-sulfate-electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), indicated that splitting-action of crude granulocyte enzyme solution on the plasma fibronectin was inhibited by concentration-dependent UST of an equivalent value for treatment of stressed state. The PMNE-UST complex was competitively replaced by PMNE-alpha 1-PI complex in vitro models of inflammatory focus and circulation, hence UST was weaker than alpha 1-PI in its binding-affinity for PMNE. The PMNE activity was directly inhibited by UST in the inflammatory focus and circulation with or without alpha 1-PI.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1993

[Cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients on event-related potentials component P300].

There have been many reports on the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) abnormalities, especially P300 amplitudes reduction, in schizophrenic patients. However the relationships between P300 abnormalities and schizophrenic subtypes have not been clarified. This study aims to investigate the relationships in a relatively large number of drug free schizophrenics. Seventy three unmedicated schizophrenic patients (45 males, 28 females) who met the DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia were tested. Twenty seven of the schizophrenics were paranoid type according to the DSM-III-R, 23 were undifferentiated, 19 were disorganized, 2 catatonic and 2 residual. Seventy three healthy controls were age and gender matched to the patient group. All the ERPs were recorded during auditory odd ball task. Stimuli consists of 2 kHz and 1 kHz tone bursts, and the respective probabilities of the rare and frequent stimuli were 0.2 and 0.8. They were presented random order. The duration of each stimulus was 90 msec with rise and fall times of 10 msec, and the intensity was approximately 70 dB SPL for all the stimuli. The inter-stimulus intervals were 1.7 +/- 0.1 seconds. The subjects were instructed to count the numbers of rare tones. The scalp EEGs were recorded from Ag-AgCl electrodes at 16 sites that referred to linked earlobes. P300 amplitudes reduction [F (1,144) = 39.33, p < 0.001] and P300 latencies prolongation [F (1,144) = 12.41, p < 0.001] were found in schizophrenic group as a whole. Lower amplitude of P300 was observed at both right and left temporal sites in the subjects with undifferentiated type and disorganized type. Although in the subjects with paranoid type, the reduction was recognized at left temporal region, reduced amplitude was not seen at right temporal site. While no relationships between P300 amplitudes, the score of BPRS and SAPS were detected, in the patient with paranoid type, significant negative correlation between P300 amplitudes and SANS total scores was observed (r = -0.425, p = 0.03) at Pz site. These results were discussed with respect to cognitive impairment of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) during the development of invasion and/or metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

In this study, using two-color flow-cytometric analysis, we examined the expression of histocompatibility locus antigens (HLA) classes I and II, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in 10 cases of normal gastric mucosa, 13 cases of primary carcinoma on the stomach, 16 cases of metastatic carcinoma from malignant ascites in patients with gastric carcinoma and 14 samples of their cultured carcinoma cells. Compared with normal gastric mucosa, HLA class I were highly expressed in a considerable number of tumor cells in each experimental group. The expression of HLA class II tended to reduce in the order of normal gastric mucosa, primary gastric carcinoma and peritoneal-effusion-associated carcinoma. Altogether, 85.7% of cases of cultured tumor cells showed abrogation and loss of HLA class II. The ICAM-1 molecule was not detected on normal gastric epithelial cells. In few cases, carcinoma cells from large volumes of tumor located in the stomach showed detectable amounts of ICAM-1. On the other hand, all of the metastatic carcinoma cells from peritoneal effusions showed a high level of expression of the ICAM-1 molecule. The expression of ICAM-1 on adenocarcinoma cells was maintained and/or augmented by in vitro cultivation with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Furthermore, two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of TIL revealed that significant correlation was observed between the expression of ICAM-1 and the degree of TIL, composed mainly of CD3+ T cells including CD8+CD11b-, CD8+CD28+, CD8+S6F1+ and CD4+Leu8+, and CD57+CD16- and CD57+CD16+ NK cells, and HLA-DR+LeuM3+ macrophages.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

A simple useful method for the determination of hepatic function in patients with liver cirrhosis using caffeine and its three major dimethylmetabolites.

Serum concentrations of caffeine (CA) and its three major dimethylmetabolites (theobromine; TB: paraxanthine; PX: theophylline; TP) were measured in fifteen patients with cholelithiasis, in ten patients with cirrhosis and in ten healthy subjects after the oral CA (2 mg/kg) loading. The correlations of total body clearance (CL) between three-point study (sampling times 1, 2 and 4 h) and nine-point study (sampling times 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h) were highly significantly correlated (r = 0.988, p less than 0.001). The elimination half-life (t1/2) of CA was significantly longer in cirrhotic patients than in the other two groups. Cirrhosis had no effect on the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of CA, but CL of CA was substantially reduced in these patients. Production of the three metabolites of CA, but mainly PX, was reduced in patients with cirrhosis. There were significant correlations between the serum PX/CA (r = 0.911, p less than 0.001) and (PX + TB + TP)/CA (r = 0.905, p less than 0.001) ratios and CL of CA at 4 h after CA administration in the three groups. These findings suggest that CA pharmacokinetic parameters can be estimated using a simplified three-point blood sampling procedure following a single oral load and that the serum PX/CA or (PX + TB + TP)/CA ratio in a single blood sample taken 2 or 4 h after dosing provides a useful indicator for the assessment of hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity, N-demethylation, in decompensated liver cirrhosis. However, CA test was unable to distinguish the difference of liver function between the control subjects and in patients with cholelithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Deviate N200 component of event-related potentials in shuchaku-seikaku, a premorbid personality of depression.

Twenty-one healthy subjects with Shuchaku-Seikaku (SS), a premorbid personality of depression, and 44 control subjects were tested for event-related potentials using the auditory odd ball paradigm. A higher percent of the N200 component was evoked by frequent task-irrelevant stimuli in the Shuchaku-Seikaku (81.0%) subjects than in the controls (45.5%). The mean amplitudes in the 50-100 ms latency range for task-relevant rare stimuli were smaller; whereas, the amplitudes in the 100-200 ms range for task-irrelevant frequent stimuli and the amplitudes in the 200-260 ms range for both stimuli were larger (shifted to negative direction) in the SS subjects than in the controls. The evidence suggests that the fully automatic detection process, which is assumed to be correlated with mismatch negativity, is hypoactivated and that a contrarily controlled or conscious mismatch process, which may be N2b, is hyperactivated in SS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Trimethadione tolerance test for one-point estimation of the severity of liver damage in cirrhotic patients.

We evaluated the adequacy of the trimethadione (TMO) tolerance test (the method of estimation from the serum dimethadione [DMO]/TMO ratio, DMO is only one metabolite of TMO, at 4 hours after oral administration of TMO) for estimating the severity of liver damage in 40 cirrhotic patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy. Serum dimethadione (DMO)/TMO ratios in a single blood sample after oral administration of TMO were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients with (0.07 +/- 0.02, p less than 0.05) or without (0.29 +/- 0.12, p less than 0.05) hepatic encephalopathy than in normal subjects (0.63 +/- 0.04). Serum DMO/TMO rations showed a good correlation with the following laboratory data: plasma indocyanine green retention at 15 minutes (r = -0.857, p less than 0.001), serum choline-esterase activity (r = 0.844, p less than 0.001), and albumin (r = 0.736, p less than 0.001). In cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy, the serum DMO/TMO ratio was found to be below 0.10, which was 16% of the normal level, by the TMO tolerance test. These findings suggest that the TMO tolerance test is a useful indicator of the hepatic parenchymal function in cirrhotic patients.

Dimethadione↗
PubMed1990

Functional and phenotypic characteristics of recombinant interleukin-2 or T-cell growth factor-activated splenic lymphoid cells from patients with gastric or hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fourteen days' culture of human spleen cells with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) or T-cell growth factor (TCGF) results in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) effector cells that have the unique property of lysing natural killer (NK)-resistant human tumor cells, Daudi, and NK-sensitive K562 cells. LAK cells were generated from patients with advanced cancer or liver cirrhosis. The splenic LAK-effector cell types were analyzed by two-color flow cytometry. The rIL-2-induced LAK cells showed an increased proportion of CD8+CD11- and CD57+CD16- and a decreased proportion of CD4+Leu-8- cells. In contrast, TCGF-induced LAK cells revealed a significantly increased proportion of CD8+CD11- and CD4+Leu-8- cells and a decreased proportion of CD57+CD16- cells. Thus, splenic LAK cells with different surface phenotypes were induced by the cultivation with rIL-2 or TCGF. Furthermore, TCGF-induced LAK cell activities in patients with cancer were found to be lower than the rIL-2-induced LAK cell activities. It was noted that the TCGF-activated splenic lymphoid cells did not inhibit the effector process of tumor cell lysis by LAK cells that had been activated by rIL-2. Other mechanisms of lower LAK cell activities of TCGF-activated splenic lymphoid cells from patients with cancer were discussed. The findings suggest that spleens of examined patients with gastric or hepatocellular carcinoma do not seem to be responsible for suppression of cell-mediated antitumor immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of chemical carcinogens on cholesterol biosynthetic pathways in the skin of mice.

The metabolism of zymosterol and mevalonic acid was studied in vitro using the skin homogenates of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), diazacholesterol-treated and untreated mice. In normal mouse skin only lathosterol was a major metabolite and the other metabolites, cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3 beta-ol, desmosterol, cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol were much less abundant. However, in the skin homogenate of mice treated with 3MC lathosterol production was depressed, while the production of cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3 beta-ol and desmosterol was significantly increased, the cholesterol level being normal or a little higher. In contrast, in the skin homogenate of mice administered diazacholesterol the production of both lathosterol and cholesterol was almost completely blocked with the slightly increased production of cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3 beta-ol and desmosterol. The metabolism in vitro of [2-14C]-mevalonic acid was quite similar to that of zymosterol, and no additional product which might possibly have been produced by the Kandutsch-Russell pathway was observed. Two pathways for cholesterol biosynthesis, therefore, may exist in mouse skin; the first is lanosterol----zymosterol----5 alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol----lathosterol----7-dehydrocholesterol----cholesterol, and the second by Bloch: lanosterol----zymosterol----5 alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol----cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3 beta-ol----desmosterol----cholesterol. When mouse skin is treated with 3-MC the former pathway is virtually blocked and the latter is stimulated, keeping the level of cholesterol in the tissue constant or a little higher than normal, which seems to be a significant change in the early stage of chemical carcinogenesis.

Animals↗