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Biomedical subjects

K Fujimoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Fujimoto.

1,024 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Smart latexes for bioseparation.

Monodisperse, thermosensitive microspheres with sub-micron diameters are used for separation and collection of proteins and other biomolecules. The thermosensitivity gives the microspheres two valuable features. One is the controllability of affinity between microsphere and protein with temperature. The quality and quantity of proteins to be adsorbed on the microspheres can be controlled with temperature. The other feature is reversible control of dispersion stability. Microspheres which have adsorbed target proteins in the dispersion can be easily recovered by changing temperature.

Biopolymers↗
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Gender differences in social and interpersonal features and personality disorders among Japanese patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study sought to elucidate the differential effect of gender on clinical features in 40 males and 54 females who met both DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Males had a lower rate of marriage, and a higher rate of major impairment in social or occupational functioning, whereas females were significantly more likely to involve others in their OCD symptoms, such as reassurance-seeking. Although no significant differences were detected in the distribution of OCD symptoms, cluster A personality disorders (PDs), especially schizotypal PD, were more frequently diagnosed in males, and borderline and dependent PDs tended to be more prevalent in females. Thus, gender differences in OCD subjects were prominently observed in social or interpersonal features, which might be consistent with the differential PD pathology between males and females.

Adult↗
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Effect of ONO-5046, a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, on the phorbol myristate acetate-induced injury in isolated dog lung.

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) activates neutrophils and causes acute lung injury. We determined the effect of ONO-5046, a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, on the increase in microvascular permeability induced by PMA in isolated dog lung perfused with autologous blood at a constant perfusion flow. The vascular permeability was assessed by the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf, c) and the solvent-drag reflection coefficient (sigma f). PMA (13.3 micrograms) increased vascular permeability, as evidenced by an increase in Kf, c from 0.18 +/- 0.02 to 0.92 +/- 0.14 mL/min/cmH2O/100 g and a decrease in sigma f to 0.35 +/- 0.01 as compared to control values of 0.69 +/- 0.06. The PMA-induced changes in Kf, c and sigma f were dose-dependently attenuated by pretreatment with ONO-5046 (2-20 mg). We conclude that ONO-5046 can effectively attenuate the PMA-induced injury in the isolated blood-perfused dog lungs.

Animals↗
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Lung cyst formation in lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia: CT features.

OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to identify and characterize the CT findings of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings of two patients with LIP were reviewed and correlated with their histologic specimens. RESULTS: Chest CT of the two patients showed areas of increased attenuation in both lung fields which were associated with nodular and cystic lesions surrounding the peribronchovascular bundles. The most characteristic abnormality identified on CT was the presence of multiple cysts throughout both lungs. Macroscopic findings of lung biopsy specimens included multiple nodular and cystic lesions. CONCLUSION: This description of multiple pulmonary cysts formation in LIP is new.

Adult↗
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MRI of ganglioneuroma: histologic correlation study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MR findings of ganglioneuroma and to correlate imaging and histologic features. METHOD: Conventional SE and contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI was used to examine 10 patients with pathologically confirmed ganglioneuroma. The morphologic features, signal intensity, and dynamic enhancement pattern of the tumors were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with histologic features. RESULTS: Capsules were present in all tumors histologically and were also detected in five tumors on postcontrast T1-weighted images. A whorled appearance corresponding to interlacing bundles of Schwann cells and collagen fibers on histologic specimens was visualized in five tumors on T1-and/or T2-weighted images. Tumors with markedly high signal intensity on T2-weighted images consisted histologically of a large amount of myxoid stroma and relatively few cellular and fibrous components. Tumors with intermediate to high signal intensity consisted of numerous cellular and fibrous components and little myxoid stroma. Early enhancement of tumors was usually lacking in dynamic MR studies; however enhancement gradually increased. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the MR features of ganglioneuroma are well correlated with histologic findings.

Adolescent↗
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Endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine basilar arteries. Part 1: Difference between acetylcholine- and A23187-induced relaxation and involvement of lipoxygenase metabolite(s).

Vascular responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and the calcium ionophore A23187 were studied in rings of canine basilar arteries. In preparations that were precontracted to a stable plateau by 3 X 10(-6) M prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 10(-9) to 10(-7) M A23187 elicited significant relaxation of the basilar arteries if the endothelium was intact. Judging from histologic findings, the ability of a ring to relax in this manner is due to the presence of the endothelium. The same concentration of A23187 did not relax vascular tissues in which the endothelium was purposely disrupted. Although 10(-7) to 10(-3) M ACh did not sufficiently produce endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine basilar artery rings, ACh in the same concentration did produce significant relaxation in canine femoral rings. Our results suggest that the sensitivity of the muscarinic receptor of cerebral arteries appears to be appreciably different from that of peripheral (femoral) arteries. Pretreatment with 1.5 X 10(-5) M indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, potentiated the contractile responses produced by PGF2 alpha in intact rings. Preincubation with the lipoxygenase inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid at (NDGA) at 1.5 X 10(-5) M or AA861 at 10(-5) M prevented A23187-induced relaxation. The same concentration of NDGA and AA861 did not affect endothelium-independent relaxation induced by glyceryl trinitrate. We suggest that endothelium-dependent relaxation of the canine basilar artery by A23187 may be mediated by noncyclooxygenase metabolite(s).

Acetylcholine↗
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Endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine basilar arteries. Part 2: Inhibition by hemoglobin and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The effects of hemoglobin and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (CSF-SAH) on endothelium-dependent relaxation were studied. At 10(-6) M, hemoglobin somewhat inhibited the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by A23187 in rings of canine basilar artery. At 3 X 10(-6) M, it almost completely inhibited the same response. At 3 X 10(-6) M, hemoglobin did not significantly inhibit smooth muscle relaxation mechanisms as papaverine-induced relaxation was not inhibited by hemoglobin. It was also demonstrated that pretreatment of arterial rings with CSF-SAH resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of relaxation induced by A23187. The inhibitory effect of CSF-SAH was prominent in the case in which a high oxyhemoglobin concentration was measured by spectrophotometry. Normal CSF from patients without SAH did not affect endothelium-dependent relaxation. These results suggest that hemoglobin released from lysed erythrocytes inhibits endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine basilar arteries and may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Animals↗
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Radiation therapy with uneven fractionation for malignant gliomas.

From 1989 to 1995, we administered a combination of large and small fraction doses (UFX, uneven fractionation) for patients with malignant gliomas. In this study, we compared the treatment outcomes of radiation therapy by uneven fractionation to that of historical control which was treated with radiation therapy by conventional fractionation (CFX). The pathologic classification was anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) in 120 and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in 64 patients. Of the 184 patients, 89 patients received a conventional fractionation schedule (CFX) of radiation (2 Gy/fraction, 5 times/week; total, 60 Gy/6 weeks). The other 95 patients received an uneven fractionation schedule (UFX) of radiation (5 Gy on Monday, 1 Gy from Tuesday through Friday; total, 63 Gy/7 weeks). The one-, two-, and five-year survival rates of the AA patients were 74%, 55%, and 30%, respectively. The five-year survival rates of AA patients who received CFX and UFX schedule of radiation were 24% and 38%, respectively. In the GBM patients, the five-year survival rates were 12% in patients who received CFX and 11% in patients who received UFX. UFX seemed to be more effective than CFX for treating AA patients. In multivariate analysis using the Cox regression analysis, which included various patients and treatment characteristics, age, histology and extent of surgery were the significant prognostic factors. In conclusion, UFX is an promising fractionation method for AA patients but not for GBM patients.

Adolescent↗
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Alloimmune hemagglutinating antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys.

In total, 10 type-specific hemagglutinating antibodies were differentiated by the absorption procedure using alloimmune sera produced by immunizing four cynomolgus monkeys with red cells at intervals of 6 weeks. All of these antibodies reacted well in the albumin, bromelin and Coombs methods but not in the saline method, indicating incomplete form. Each of 10 antibodies was identified as of IgG class by gel filtration and by inhibition with anti-human immunoglobulin sera.

Animals↗
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Change in the localization of heat shock protein 27 (HSP 27) in BG-1 human ovarian cancer cells following treatment by the ether lipid ET-18-OCH3.

We have demonstrated a higher nuclear protein content in the hypodiploid fraction of BG-1 human ovarian cancer cells following treatment with one of the ether lipids, ET-18-OCH3. In this study, we have attempted to identify the overexpressed nuclear protein induced in those dying or dead cells in the hypodiploid fraction and its localization before and after ET-18-OCH3 treatment. The pattern of nuclear proteins was analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) before and after ET-18-OCH3 treatment. The partial amino acid sequence of the most dominantly and consistently up-regulated protein spot after ET-18-OCH3 treatment was determined and it was found to be heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Immunofluorescence staining disclosed that HSP27 localizes in the cytoplasm of the BG-1 cells before ET-18-OCH3 treatment. Condensation of HSP27 around the nuclei was observed following treatment by ET-18-OCH3. Ultimately, the nuclei of the cells in the hypodiploid fraction were stained by immunofluorescent HSP27. These results indicate that change of the localization of HSP27 may play an important role as a component of the signal transduction pathways affected by ether lipids.

Adenocarcinoma↗
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Mechanism of apoptosis induced by cisplatin and VP-16 in PANC-1 cells.

Cisplatin and VP-16 were used to study the induction of apoptosis in Panc-1 cells. Cisplatin and VP-16 inhibited the growth of Panc-1 cells. After 2 hours exposure to cisplatin or VP-16, attached and detached cells were subjected to TUNEL staining to calculate the ratio of apoptosis. In detached cells TUNEL positive ratios increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In Western blotting, Bax expression was obviously up-regulated, but Bcl-2 remained almost constant. The results suggested that in Panc-1 cells cisplatin and VP-16 induced apoptotic cell death which was mediated through the interaction of Bax expression in the presence of mutated p53.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
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Synovial sarcoma arising from the chest wall: MR imaging findings.

We report a case of synovial sarcoma of the chest wall in a 41-year-old man. Chest CT revealed a huge tumor of the left chest wall with heterogeneous enhancement. On MR imaging, the tumor showed the "bowl-of-fruit" mixed-signal appearance with fluid-fluid levels similar to those of synovial sarcoma of the extremities. Synovial sarcoma arising from the chest wall is extremely rare; only four cases have been reported in the English literature. As synovial sarcoma is considered a carcinosarcoma-like tumor with true epithelial differentiation, it is able to originate from various regions. Even if the tumor is found in a region distant from the synovial membrane, the differential diagnosis of a tumor which demonstrates such findings on MR imaging should include synovial sarcoma.

Adult↗
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An exogenous cdk inhibitor, butyrolactone-I, induces apoptosis with increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in p53-mutated pancreatic cancer cells.

We investigated the effects of an exogenous cdk inhibitor, butyrolactone-I, on cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and the regulation of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells with mutated p53. Cell growth was dose-dependently inhibited by Butyrolactone-I in PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells. Phosphorylation of pRb and Cyclin A expression were significantly inhibited in Butyrolactone-I-treated cells. Apoptotic cell death was detected by both Hoechst staining and TUNEL assay. In butyrolactone-I-treated PANC-1 cells, expression of p53 protein was unchanged, but Bax expression was slightly upregulated and Bcl-2 expression was predominantly down-regulated. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio reached 9.6-fold increase compared to the control at the maximum. The time course of changes in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was similar to that in the TUNEL-positive ratio. These data, suggest that dynamic changes of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio might be important in determining point of apoptosis induction in pancreatic cancer cells with p53 mutation.

4-Butyrolactone↗
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Anomalous systemic arterial supply to the basal segment of the left lung: demonstration using MR angiography.

In a 41-year-old man with an abnormal left lower lobe opacity on a chest radiograph, magnetic resonance (MR) angiography showed a large abnormal vessel extending from the left side of the descending thoracic aorta, supplying the left lower lobe. Furthermore, the lung parenchyma showed no evidence of sequestrated lung. This entity corresponded to type-I of intralobar pulmonary sequestration, as classified by Pryce.

Adult↗