[An adult case of proximal interruption of the right pulmonary artery].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Fujimoto
Publications and source records attributed to K Fujimoto.
[Studies on somatomedin C in diabetic pregnancies].
Somatomedins have been shown to have potent mitogenic activities in cultured cells and also promote individual growth. We studied the concentrations of somatomedin C in diabetic pregnant women and rats. Serum and liver somatomedin C were measured by RIA double antibody method, after extraction with an ODS silica column. Serum somatomedin C concentrations were 20.45 +/- 5.14 nM/l (mean +/- S.D.) in nonpregnant normal women. In nonpregnant diabetic women, these were 16.96 +/- 4.37 nM/l, which were significantly lower than those of normal nonpregnant women. The concentrations of pregnant normal and diabetic women were similar to those of nonpregnant normal women. Maternal concentrations of somatomedin C significantly correlated with infant weight (r = 0.41, p less than 0.05, n = 41). Serum somatomedin C concentrations in the normal infants were 6.45 +/- 1.97 nM/l, which were considerably lower than those of their mothers. In the infants from diabetic mothers, these were 9.17 +/- 3.28 nM/l, which were significantly higher than those of normal infants. Rat serum somatomedin C concentrations which were 15.86 +/- 2.37 nM/l in nonpregnant normal rats, tended to increase during pregnancy. The mother's concentration significantly correlated with fetus weight (r = 0.491). Liver somatomedin C levels decreased in diabetic and pregnant states. Fetal rats had lower hepatic somatomedin C, which was about 10% of the mother's levels. These were higher in the fetuses from diabetic mothers. These finding suggested that the mother's somatomedins might contribute to fetal growth.
Animals↗
Administration of D-glucosamine into the third cerebroventricle induced feeding accompanied by hyperglycemia in rats.
D-glucosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, is known to be an endogenous glucose analogue and to antagonize glucose uptake and metabolism. The present experiments were aimed to clarify effects of glucosamine and related chemical substances on ingestive behavior, as well as its direct effects on hypothalamic neurons. Infusion of 24 mumole glucosamine into the third cerebroventricle induced feeding within 30 min in 5 rats out of 7 tested, accompanied by increased ambulatory activity. No periprandial drinking was observed. Plasma glucose level increased, peaking at 30 min after the injection. Plasma insulin level tended to increase, but not significantly. Electrophoretic application of glucosamine activated glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and suppressed glucoreceptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus. These facts, together with other reported results, suggest that glucosamine can modulate physiological feeding and that carbon 2 of the glucose molecule is important in feeding modulation by glucose analogues.
Animals↗
Studies on the specificity of the cholesterol-binding pancreatic proteinase and identification as human pancreatic elastase 1.
The proteolytic attack of the cholesterol-binding pancreatic proteinase (CBPP) on the oxidized insulin A and B chains as well as on glucagon was investigated by kinetic studies. The reaction products were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by amino acid analysis. The combined results reveal a pronounced selectivity of CBPP for the peptide bonds at the carboxy ends of Ala, Val, Leu, Ser, His and Thr residues with Ala, Val and Leu most favoured, indicating a close catalytic relationship to porcine pancreatic elastase [Narayanan, A. S. & Anwar, R. A. (1969) Biochem. J. 114, 11-17] and the anionic porcine pancreatic protease E [Kobayashi R., Kobayashi, Y. & Hirs, C. H. W. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2460-2465] which resembles human pancreatic elastase 1. The immunological comparison indeed disclosed the identity of CBPP with human pancreatic elastase 1.
Animals↗
Evidence for a 'paravascular' fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space.
The protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles or subarachnoid space of anesthetized cats and dogs after insertion of a cisternal cannula to permit drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tracer solution. The intracerebral distribution of the tracer was then determined by light microscopy of serial brain sections after postinfusion intervals of 4 min-2 h. For the localization of HRP, sections were incubated with diaminobenzidine (DAB) or the much more sensitive chromogen, tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The TMB reaction showed a consistent 'paravascular' distribution of tracer reaction product, within the perivascular spaces (PVS) around large penetrating vessels and in the basal laminae around capillaries, far beyond the termination of the PVS. After infusion of HRP over 4 min, arterioles were surrounded by the tracer, but capillaries and venules were usually less densely demarcated; by 6 min, however, the intraparenchymal microvasculature was outlined in toto throughout the forebrain and brainstem. Electron microscopy of sections incubated in DAB after 10 or 20 min HRP circulation confirmed the paravascular location of the reaction product, which was also dispersed throughout the extracellular spaces (ECS) of the adjacent parenchyma. Our results demonstrate that solutes in the CSF have access to the ECS throughout the neuraxis within minutes via fluid pathways paralleling the intraparenchymal vasculature. The rapid paravascular influx of HRP could be prevented by stopping or diminishing the pulsations of the cerebral arteries by aortic occlusion or by partial ligation of the brachiocephalic artery. The exchange of solutes between the CSF and the cerebral ECS has generally been attributed to diffusion, however, HRP enters the neuraxis along the intraparenchymal microvasculature far more rapidly than can be explained on this basis. This apparent convective tracer influx may be facilitated by transmission of the pulsations of the cerebral arteries to the microvasculature. We postulate that a fluid circulation through the CNS occurs via paravascular pathways.
Anesthesia, General↗
Evaluation of a new blood cell counter with sheath flow system.
A blood cell counter with a sheath flow system has been developed to eliminate the drawback of the Coulter type blood cell counter, namely, signal distortion caused by the cells passing through the electric aperture gate. With the new system, signal distortion was low and a near-normal distribution curve for erythrocytes and resin particles was obtained. The counter has a computer program for determining the red cell distribution width, which represents an actual size difference at 20% of the relative frequency of the distribution curve. This is independent of mean cell volume, and is considered to be of clinical importance. We examined the values in 2,300 healthy subjects and patients with various hematological disorders.
Blood Cell Count↗
Interleukin 2 mRNA induction in human lymphocytes: analysis of the synergistic effect of a calcium ionophore A23187 and a phorbol ester.
Induction of interleukin 2 (IL2) mRNA in human tonsillar lymphocytes under various conditions was examined by cytoplasmic dot hybridization using a 32P-labeled IL2 cDNA probe to study the signal transduction mechanisms which lead to IL2 gene expression. A tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), acted synergistically with a Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to induce a high level of IL2 mRNA in lymphocytes, whereas each of them by itself could not induce the mRNA production. In two-step culture experiments the lymphocytes pulse-incubated with TPA for 1 h (the first culture) could efficiently initiate IL2 mRNA production by subsequent culture with A23187 or PHA (the second culture). Results obtained by removal of extracellular Ca2+ from either the first or second culture revealed that Ca2+ was not necessarily required during the first culture with TPA, but it is essential in the second culture with A23187 or PHA, regardless of the presence or absence of Ca2+ in the first culture. A reagent known to be a calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), almost completely inhibited the IL2 mRNA induction in A23187-TPA-stimulated lymphocytes at a concentration of 25 microM, whereas N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide that has much lower affinity for calmodulin than W-7 did not inhibit at this concentration. The IL2 mRNA induction was also blocked by the addition of 50 microM of 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride which is known to block the release of Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites. These results show that mobilization of Ca2+ and the calmodulin-dependent regulatory system appear to work synergistically with TPA which probably activates protein kinase C in the pathway to IL2 gene expression.
Calcimycin↗
Somatosensory evoked potentials over the non-affected hemisphere in patients with unilateral cerebrovascular lesions.
Changes in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) over the non-affected hemisphere in 61 patients with unilateral cerebrovascular lesions were studied using age-matched controls. The latencies showed no significant differences when compared to controls. In cerebral infarctions produced by occlusion of the perforating artery in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), the amplitudes over the non-affected hemisphere decreased in the acute phases, but did not change in the chronic phases in comparison with the controls; whereas in cerebral infarctions produced by occlusion of the cortical artery in the MCA, the amplitudes over the non-affected hemisphere increased in the chronic phases compared to controls. The amplitudes over the non-affected hemisphere in intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) increased in the chronic phases in comparison with the controls, but in the acute phases, they showed no change in the cortical artery group nor in ICH. The increases in the amplitudes were more prominent in patients with than in patients without sensory impairment. These data suggest that the affected hemisphere gives rise to high amplitude SEPs over the non-affected hemisphere.
Acute Disease↗
1-Deoxy-glucosamine initiates, then effectively suppresses feeding in the rat.
The deoxy analogues of D-glucose, 1-deoxy-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine, are biochemically and structurally similar to 1-deoxy-D-glucose, so their direct effects on food intake were studied. Both 12 and 24 mumol 1-deoxy-glucosamine potently decreased feeding and body weight after an initial transient elicitation of food intake. The suppression included decreased meal size and prolonged postprandial intermeal interval which persisted for at least 3 days after injection. Ambulatory activity was unaffected. The initial elicitation of feeding was not accompanied by drinking episodes, and subsequent drinking suppression was persisted. These findings, plus other biochemical evidence, suggest that inversion with an amino group or removal of a hydroxyl group from C-2 and/or C-1 may affect feeding.
Animals↗
Feeding suppression induced by a fecal anorexigenic substance (FS-T).
Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a fecal anorexigenic substance (FS-T) induced significant suppression of feeding and this suppression recovered on the second day. At 2 hr after IP injection, at the time of maximum feeding suppression, plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acid (FFA) levels did not change but amino acid level decreased. Intra-third cerebral ventricle (ICV) infusion of FS-T induced parallel but more potent feeding suppression. Analysis of meal patterns demonstrated that suppression of feeding after ICV treatment continued into the second day. FS-T was applied electrophoretically to glucose-sensitive and non glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and to glucoreceptor and non glucoreceptor neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). It significantly inhibited glucose-sensitive neurons but not non glucose-sensitive neurons, and excited both neuron types in the VMH. FS-T might thus work directly through the hypothalamic feeding control centers to suppress feeding. Even after pronase treatment of FS-T, a non-dialysable fraction of large molecular weight, consisting of protein and carbohydrate, maintained the original anorexigenic activity.
Amino Acids↗
A method for microscopic studies of cerebral angioarchitecture and vascular-parenchymal relationships, based on the demonstration of 'paravascular' fluid pathways in the mammalian central nervous system.
A new method is described for morphological studies of blood vessels and related cellular elements in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The tracer protein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), in solution, is infused intraventricularly or intracisternally in anesthetized animals over 5-10 min. During this period, HRP in the subarachnoid space enters the perivascular spaces around penetrating arterioles and rapidly permeates the gliovascular basal laminae surrounding capillaries. After fixation by intravascular perfusion of aldehydes, brain sections are incubated with the highly sensitive chromogen, tetramethylbenzidine. Intraparenchymal blood vessels throughout the CNS are vividly demonstrated for light microscopy by HRP reaction product in their perivascular spaces or basal laminae. Correlative ultrastructural investigations of specific blood vessels and related parenchymal elements can be conducted using adjacent sections.
Animals↗
Morphological and electrophysiological studies of a multiple photoreceptive system in a marine gastropod, Onchidium.
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Animals↗
Interleukin 2 mRNA induction in human lymphocytes: analysis of the synergistic effect of a phorbol ester and phytohemagglutinin.
Induction of interleukin 2 (IL2) mRNA synthesis in human tonsillar lymphocytes was studied by quantifying the relative levels of IL2 mRNA in the lymphocytes stimulated under various conditions by the dot hybridization method. A remarkable increase of IL2 mRNA was induced by stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The kinetic study revealed that the IL2 mRNA level of the lymphocytes increased from 2 h of culture, reached a maximal level at 12 h, maintained a relatively high level until 48 h and then sharply decreased by 72 h after the stimulation. Inhibition experiments with actinomycin D showed that the increase was due to a transient synthesis of the mRNA after the stimulation, which almost stopped by 12-16 h. DNA synthesis and cell division were not necessary for the induction of IL2 mRNA production but the induction was inhibited by dexamethasone, showing that the production was mainly associated with the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Two-step culture experiments showed that prior exposure of the lymphocytes to TPA for 1 h at 37 degrees C resulted in a remarkable increase of IL2 mRNA on subsequent stimulation with PHA. This suggests that TPA induces certain changes in the biochemical pathway of signal transduction so that the cells can be triggered to express IL2 gene by subsequent stimulation with mitogen.
DNA Replication↗
Radiation exposure risks to nuclear well loggers.
This report is based on statistical data from the Canadian National Dose Registry (As82) and information obtained from visits to 1 supplier and 9 oil-well service companies in the Province of Alberta. The companies are representative of most in this industry and provide services at the well head from logging, perforating and fracturing to cementing and tracer work. The information obtained indicates that typical exposures can account for an average dose of 1 to 2 mSv/y. The observations of well-logging procedures revealed a number of potentially hazardous situations which could lead to unnecessary exposure and based upon these, several recommendations are included.
Adolescent↗
Occupational pigmented contact dermatitis from azo-dyes.
A 51-year-old man had been working in a dye factory for 25 years and had noticed itching and pigmentation on the extremities for the past 5 years. Patch testing showed positive reactions to Sudan I and Vacanceine Red, among the azo dyes which he had been handling. After he changed his work, he became free from erythematous lesions with itching. The pigmentation almost disappeared 10 months later.
Azo Compounds↗
A Japanese survey on first attempts of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Experiences of the initial application of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in Japan performed during 1980-1981 at the multicenter level were analyzed. A survey in 72 cases which were collected from 12 centers showed an overall success rate of 64.7%, unimproved stenotic lesions in 8.1% and unpassable lesions in 24.3% of the cases. Complications were death of the patient in 2(2.8%), acute myocardial infarction in 6(8.3%) and dissection of the coronary artery in 3 cases (4.2%). Aortocoronary bypass graft surgery was performed in 8 cases (11.1%).
Adult↗
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for multiple lesions in a coronary artery--report of two cases.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed successfully in two patients with angina pectoris who had two separate significant stenotic lesions in a coronary artery. One patient had stenoses in segments 6 and 7 of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After PTCA, angina disappeared, an exercise ECG became negative and a 201Tl myocardial scintigram returned to normal. In the other patient, two separate stenotic lesions were found in segment 3 of the RCA. Angina and an exercise ECG improved after PTCA. These results suggest the validity of PTCA for multiple stenotic lesions in the same coronary artery.
Angioplasty, Balloon↗
Hypotensive effect of bunitrolol at low plasma concentrations in conscious, unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Effects of bunitrolol on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were studied in conscious, unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats at rest and during handling stress. Propranolol was employed as a reference drug. Plasma drug concentrations were determined to related with the cardiovascular effects of the drugs. Bunitrolol produced a tachycardia for the first 2 hr and a significant reduction in resting MAP at 3 and 4 hr after the oral dose (5 mg/kg) when plasma bunitrolol concentration was less than 10 ng/ml, indicating the difference between cardiac and vascular beta adrenoceptors in sensitivity to intrinsic sympathomimetic action or direct vasodilator action. Propranolol (5 mg/kg) produced no discernible effects on resting MAP and HR. Stress-induced tachycardia was significantly inhibited by both drugs throughout the experiment, while significant inhibition of hypertensive response was observed only at 4 hr after the treatment. Both bunitrolol and propranolol were rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Plasma half-life of these drugs were almost the same values of around 2 hr. These results indicate that dose size, plasma concentrations, and procedures and the timing of blood pressure measurement are the important factors to be considered when the antihypertensive effect of beta-blockers is studied in SHR rats.
Animals↗