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Biomedical subjects

K Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to K Fujii.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of several volatile anesthetics on the Ca(2+)-related functions of skinned skeletal muscle fibers from the guinea pig.

The effects of various volatile anesthetics on intramuscular Ca(2+)-related functions were studied with the skinned fiber technique in guinea pig skeletal muscles. All the volatile anesthetics tested significantly enhanced Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) at clinical concentrations with negligible effects both on Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile system and on Ca2+ uptake by the SR. A comparison was made of the enhancing effect of several volatile anesthetics on CICR at clinical concentrations. Halothane was the most potent, followed by methoxyflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane and diethyl ether. If CICR plays an important role in triggering MH, this order of volatile anesthetics on their enhancing effect on CICR, also corresponds to their potency in triggering MH.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1991

[Two cases of nephrotic syndrome associated with hydronephrosis].

We reported two cases of nephrotic syndrome associated with hydronephrosis. A forty four year old male patient who suddenly complained of nephrotic syndrome, showed left hydronephrosis caused by lower ureteral stenosis. Renal biopsy specimen obtained from the right kidney revealed minor glomerular abnormalities. A sixteen year old female patient had a long history of proteinuria before the onset of nephrotic syndrome. She suffered from bilateral hydronephrosis of which the etiology was unclear. Renal biopsy specimen obtained from the left kidney revealed membranous nephropathy. Because in both cases urine samples collected from each ureter showed the presence of a massive protein, the other kidney was thought to be involved with the same disease. The association of nephrotic syndrome with hydronephrosis is extremely rare. The significance of this unusual combination was discussed with respect to the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Two pediatric cases of moyamoya disease with progressive involvement from unilateral to bilateral].

Moyamoya disease is defined as having bilateral involvement of the internal carotid arteries. Two pediatric cases of moyamoya disease starting with unilateral involvement of the internal carotid artery are reported. In both cases angiographic findings at onset showed unilateral involvement. Hence, they were filed as a "probable" case according to the diagnostic criteria of the Japanese Cooperative Research Committee. The carotid angiograms on the other side showed totally normal findings. Clinical manifestation, EEG findings, angiographic findings, and PET findings in these cases were the same as those of definitive bilateral moyamoya disease. The only exception was the unilaterality of the findings. One to three years later the occlusive lesions became bilateral, and this met the criteria as a "definite" case. We consider that some of the cases of moyamoya disease actually start with unilateral lesion and develop into bilateral. Angiograms in "probable" cases should be carefully followed up to establish the disease entity of this lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[MR imaging of optic neuritis using short T1 IR (inversion recovery)].

We evaluated the ability of MRI using short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) to diagnose optic neuritis. Eleven patients with previous or recent attack of optic neuritis were studied with MRI at 0.5 tesla. STIR images revealed high signal regions in 7 of 12 symptomatic and 5 of 10 asymptomatic nerves. Three of five asymptomatic nerves with high intensity were pertinent to the cases with past attack and seemed to reflect the demyelinating change. The other two nerves were pertinent to the cases without past attack and seemed to show occult lesions. We consider that STIR is useful in detection of optic nerve lesions associated with optic neuritis.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Structure of N-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester monohydrate.

C10H18N2O5S.H2O, Mr = 296.39, monoclinic, P2(1), a = 19.600 (1), b = 7.480 (1), c = 5.061 (1) A, beta = 94.74 (1) degree, V = 739.445 (1) A3, Z = 2, Dm = 1.31, Dx = 1.331 g cm-3, Cu K alpha, lambda = 1.54178 A, mu = 21.4 cm-1, F(000) = 316, room temperature, R = 0.057 for 1263 reflections. The molecule adopts an extended form. The molecules are arranged so as to form double molecular sheets parallel to the bc plane through some hydrogen bonds.

Dipeptides↗
PubMed1990

Acute effects of antihypertensive agents on cerebral blood flow in hypertensive rats.

The acute effects of various antihypertensive agents on cerebral blood flow and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were studied in anesthetized (amobarbital 100 mg/kg) spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cerebral blood flow in the cortex and thalamus was measured by the hydrogen clearance method before and during a 60-min i.v. infusion of calcium antagonist (nifedipine), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) or beta-blocker (propranolol). Nifedipine, 30 or 150 micrograms/kg per h, decreased dose dependently the MAP by 20 or 31%, and concomitantly increased cortical blood flow by 28 or 74%, and thalamic blood flow by 51 or 64%, respectively. Captopril, 10 or 100 mg/kg per h, decreased MAP by 7 or 14%, but changed cerebral blood flow minimally. In contrast, propranolol, 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg per h, decreased MAP by 13 or 11%, with a concomitant reduction of cortical and thalamic blood flow by 20 or 15 and 33 or 37%, respectively. It is concluded that the changes in cerebral blood flow in response to hypotension are varied by antihypertensive drugs depending on the direct or indirect effect of the drugs (dilatation or constriction) on cerebral vessels. Nifedipine seems to dilate while propranolol constricts cerebral vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Specificity of antibodies to type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis.

To reassess the role of autoantibodies to type II collagen in the pathogenesis of diseases, we studied antibodies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from patients with relapsing polychondritis for species specificity and collagen type specificity, using an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies were found in the sera of 15% of the RA patients and 50% of the relapsing polychondritis patients, as well as in the cartilage of 69% of the RA patients examined. Reaction with both homologous and heterologous type II collagens was common. Analysis of 19 selected RA sera revealed that autoantibodies were generally associated with specific antibodies to some species of heterologous type II collagen. In contrast, antibodies found in 4% of the non-RA controls were specific for either bovine or chick type II collagen. These findings indicate that autoantibody formation in RA and relapsing polychondritis may occur as a result of an immune response to heterologous type II collagen. However, since RA and relapsing polychondritis patient sera differed in their reactivity with the cyanogen bromide-digested peptides, it is possible that the clinical manifestation of collagen autoimmunity might be influenced by the epitope specificity of the antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Functional differentiation between the anterior and posterior Clare-Bishop cortex of the cat.

A total of 783 cells were studied extracellularly in anterior (A10-13), posterior (A4-8), and intermediate regions (A8.1-9.9) of Clare-Bishop (CB) cortex of the cat, which were defined according to the anteroposterior coordinate of the stereotaxic axis and probably corresponded to the antero- (AMLS), postero-medial lateral suprasylvian cortex (PMLS), and the border region between the two subareas, respectively. The study was conducted under N2O anesthesia supplemented with continuous infusion of short-lasting anesthetics (Saffan, Glaxo or Etomidate, Janssen), using three types of visual stimulators presenting two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) motion stimuli, and visual cues contained in the 3D motion. Neuronal responsiveness was essentially similar between the anterior and posterior CB subdivisions. Both areas contained 1) AP, 2) RC and 3) FP cells, selectively responsive to approaching, recessive and fronto-parallel motion, and 4) NS and 5) U cells, nonselectively responsive and unresponsive to any of these motions. However, a quantitative difference was found: 1) In the posterior CB the FP cell population was the largest, and the frequency reduced in the order of AP, NS, RC and U cells, while the largest population in the anterior CB consisted of the AP and U cells, and the frequency reduced in the order of FP, RC and NS cells. 2) 3D (AP and RC) cells in the posterior CB responded preferentially to approaching motion at a distal range, while those in the anterior CB preferred motion at a proximal range. 3) The 3D cells in the posterior CB were more sensitive to the motion cue and demonstrated lower thresholds for the size cue than the anterior CB cells. 4) The anterior CB cells generally demonstrated high-pass velocity tuning (cut-off around 10 degrees/s) for monoclonal 2D stimulation, while the posterior CB cells demonstrated a broad band-pass tuning (4-120 degrees/s). These findings suggest functional differentiation in neuronal representation of 3D motion signals between the two subdivisions of CB cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance imaging of an intraventricular craniopharyngioma.

A case of a craniopharyngioma confined entirely to the third ventricle is reported. MRI revealed an isointense and high signal lesion on T1- and T2-weighted images, respectively, with homogeneous enhancement by Gd-DTPA. The tumor was reduced by 90% in 4 months after 60 Gy radiation therapy. Intraventricular craniopharyngioma is unusual and is not associated with tumoral calcification or cyst formation.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Radiation-induced meningiomas and their proliferative activity. Cytokinetic study using bromodeoxyuridine.

Two cases of meningiomas, which are considered to have been caused by the preceding irradiation, are reported. In both cases, the cytokinetic study of the tumour using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was performed. The percent of the tumour cells in the S phase of the cell cycle was less than 1% in both cases. The low labelling indices might suggest a relatively slow growing potential of these tumours, though the radiation-induced meningiomas were reported as being rapidly growing and malignant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Reoperation for moyamoya disease refractory to encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis.

Three cases of Moyamoya disease successfully treated by reoperation are reported with special reference to the operative techniques in the second operation. These children first underwent encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS). Because two of the three postoperative collateral formations through EDAS were either poor or not present at all and their symptoms remained. Encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) was later added in the posterior frontal and/or parietal regions of the same side as the former EDAS. In the remaining one, the collaterals through EDAS were well formed but transient ischaemic attack (TIA) persisted in the lower limb. The collateral to the middle cerebral arterial (MCA) distribution, even though seemingly well formed, was not sufficient to obtain a complete subsidence of the symptoms. In this case encephalo-myo-arterio-synangiosis (EMAS) was later added to the antero-medial frontal region of the same side as the EDAS to form collaterals to the anterior cerebral arterial (ACA) distribution. In all three cases the angiograms after the second operation showed good formation of collaterals, and the symptoms subsided. The causes of poor collateral formation through EDAS and operative techniques for the additional operation for those cases refractory to EDAS are discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Long-term results of wrapping of intracranial ruptured aneurysms.

We report the long term result of the treatment of 29 intracranial ruptured aneurysms by wrapping with or without coating. These patients were followed for a mean period of 11 years. The outcome of all patients was as follows; 19 were categorized as good, 2 were severely disabled, on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and 8 died. The rebleeding occurred in 5 patients within 3 years after surgery, and all died. There was an overall rate of 17% of rebleeding in our series, which is much higher than the rebleeding rate after aneurysm treatment by clipping of the neck but lower than the usual rebleeding rate in conservatively treated cases. In conclusion, the wrapping as a choice of treatment of ruptured aneurysms is not a safe alternative to the direct operative occlusion of the aneurysmal sack.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1990

Biotransformation and toxicity of inhalational anaesthetics.

In summary, anaesthetics and drugs used perioperatively are all xenobiotics and can be metabolized mainly by microsomal enzyme systems, which have a high activity in the liver. These enzyme systems are induced by repeated pre-administration of drugs, such as barbiturates and others which are used during the preoperative period. However, according to some reports, aerobic and anaerobic metabolism is inhibited by the simultaneous administration of drugs, such as isoflurane and halothane, halothane and enflurane, and cimetidine and halothane. Hypoxia is also an important factor in hepatic disorders and it is well known that anaerobic metabolism of halothane is increased by hypoxia and its intermediate production produces a free radical. Theoretically, this free radical is involved in hepatic disorders. In practice, in order to prevent hepatic dysfunction before, during and after anaesthesia, hypoxia and repeated pre-administration of enzyme-inducing drugs should be avoided. However, the choice and combination of drugs which inhibit drug metabolism and prevent hepato and/or nephro toxicity should be examined by further investigation.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Two pediatric cases with occlusions of the ipsilateral internal carotid and posterior cerebral arteries associated with moyamoya vessels: "unilateral" moyamoya disease.

Two pediatric cases of unilateral Moyamoya disease are reported. The clinical symptoms and the findings of electroencephalography, angiography, and positron emission tomography in these cases were quite the same as those in the cases with bilateral involvement, which is typical of this disease. In both cases angiography demonstrated unilateral occlusion not only of the internal carotid artery but also of the posterior cerebral artery together with so-called Moyamoya vessels on the same side. Although infectious diseases were mentioned in the patients' histories, no obvious basic diseases related to the cerebrovascular occlusion were detected. We consider that these cases with unilateral involvement suggest the presence of unilateral Moyamoya disease without progression onto the opposite side.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Systemic absorption of sulphadiazine, silver sulphadiazine and sodium sulphadiazine through human burn wounds.

Systemic absorption of water-soluble and water-insoluble drugs through human burn wounds was compared. Serum levels of sulphadiazine were estimated after application of silver sulphadiazine (water-insoluble) cream, sulphadiazine (water-insoluble) cream and sodium sulphadiazine (water-soluble) cream. It was found that the absorption of sodium sulphadiazine was greater than that of sulphadiazine or silver sulphadiazine.

Absorption↗