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Biomedical subjects

K Freund

Publications and source records attributed to K Freund.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Is the distant relationship of fathers and homosexual sons related to the sons' erotic preference for male partners, or to the sons' atypical gender identity, or to both?

Study 1 compared the retrospectively reported father-son relationships of four groups of adult males: (a) Gynephiles (males who erotically prefer physically mature females), (b) androphiles (who prefer physically mature males), (c) a combined group of heterosexual pedophiles and pedohebephiles (the latter being attracted to pubescent as well as prepubescent females), and (d) a combined group of homosexual pedophiles and pedohebephiles (the latter attracted to pubescent as well as prepubescent males). The gynephiles were paid volunteers; the latter three groups were patients. The androphiles, the only group among those compared known to exhibit a measurably greater degree of cross gender identity in childhood, were also the only group to report significantly poorer father-son relations. The homosexual pedo/pedohebephiles, who also prefer male partners but who exhibit typical male gender identity in childhood, did not differ in father-son relations from the gynephiles or the heterosexual pedo/pedohebephiles. Study 2 showed that, within a sample of nonpatient volunteer androphiles, those individuals who reported the greatest degree of cross gender behavior in childhood also tended to report the worst relationships with their fathers. This correlation was replicated within a sample of androphilic patients in Study 3. The consistent pattern of results obtained from these three studies suggests that the emotionally distant relationships of fathers and androphilic sons relate to the sons' atypical childhood gender identity (or observable gender role behavior) rather than to the sons' erotic preference for male partners per se.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Two types of cross-gender identity.

A revision of the typology of male cross-gender identity was carried out by means of formalized, easily replicable methods. The results suggest (1) that there are two discrete types of cross-gender identity, one heterosexual, the other homosexual; (2) that transvestism, and closely related conditions of cross-gender identity, occur exclusively or almost exclusively in heterosexuals; (3) that of the two types of transsexualism distinguished in this study, type A is, in heterosexuals, very rare or completely nonexistent; (4) that (in the course of time) transvestites or borderline transsexuals (defined below) may develop sustained cross-gender identity, as observed by Stoller (1971); (5) that although, according to Hoenig and Kenna (1974), transsexualism by itself is not an anomalous erotic preference, it is (virtually) always either preceded by transvestism or accompanied by homosexuality or cross-gender fetishism.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of the n-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induced respiratory burst in human neutrophils by adrenergic agonists and prostaglandins of the E series.

Exogenous prostaglandins E1 and E2 and L-isoproterenol potently inhibited the production of superoxide anions by human neutrophils activated in vitro by n-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). An estimated ID50 of 50 nM was found for all three agents while L-epinephrine and prostaglandin F2 alpha were 10 and 100 fold, respectively, less active. Inhibition occurred whether these agents were added before, together with, or after the addition of the tripeptide to cell suspensions. Cells treated with dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate also expressed reduced rates of superoxide synthesis thus suggesting that the hormonal inhibitors acted indirectly by stimulating membrane bound adenylate cyclase.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Therapeutic sex drive reduction.

Sex drive reducing therapies are employed in those cases of anomalous erotic preferences in which the patient's sexual behaviour is dangerous (certain forms of sadism, or a preference for forcing intercourse or similar interaction) or while not really dangerous, is utterly unacceptable to the community (pedophilia and pedohebephilia) or is an embarrassment to the patient himself (exhibitionism). Three sex drive reducing therapies are in use, all designed for male patients, (1) pharmacological reduction of circulating testosterone, (2) orchidectomy, (3) deletion of certain brain structures by stereotaxic surgery. The main indication for pharmacological sex drive reduction is exhibitionism but here it should be used only temporarily, as a first emergency measure, and after that only intermittently, during periods when the patient can not manage his urges by techniques he should be taught by a behaviour therapist. In cases of unmanageable and dangerous sadism, orchidectomy is the method of choice--and the same would appear to be true for particular cases of pedohebephilia. Brain surgery in this realm is not yet based on sufficient knowledge and should be thoroughly studied on infrahuman primates, before use with humans could be seriously considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Five-year survival of women with breast cancer in northern Alberta.

Five-year survival rates for all 519 women with breast carcinoma in northern Alberta in 1971 and 1972 were analysed with the use of data from the computerized northern Alberta breast registry and the Alberta cancer registry. The relative 5-year survival was 73%, which is higher than most rates reported from other centres. Lymph node involvement was significant as a prognostic factor, with the relative 5-year survival falling from 92% in the group without lymph node involvement to 58% in the group with three or more involved nodes. The prognosis was also significantly affected by the stage of the disease according to the 1973 TNM classification: the 5-year survival rates ranged from 88% for patients with stage 1 disease to 17% for those with stage IV disease. Women 40 to 59 years of age had a higher survival rate (79%) than those under 40 years (65%) or over 60 years (66%) of age. Analyses by 5-year age groups showed that women 35 to 39 years old had a particularly poor survival rate (59%). Postmenopausal women less than 55 years old had a higher survival rate than did perimenopausal or premenopausal women in the same age group. Further follow-up is indicated to correlate possible high-risk factors with survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A conceptual framework for the study of anomalous erotic preferences.

Operational definitions are given for the terms "erotic" or "sexual" and "erotic arousal level." Measurement of erotic arousal level is discussed as well as "scales of erotic value." A reference system for the analysis of the progression of sexual interaction is expounded, and the analysis of anomalies from the norm of such a progression briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Extension of the Gender Identity Scale for Males.

Our earlier Femine Gender Identity Scale for males appear to measure a strong single factor which was reliable and displayed substantial discriminant validity. However, the number of items was small and there was substantial overlap between items with respect to their meaning. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, in the present study the scale was extended and validated. Each item of the new scale differentiated among the groups in an experimental sample and, subsequently, in a cross-validation sample. A secondary finding was the significantly higher femine gender identity scores of homosexual patients over homosexual nonpatients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Assessment of anomalous erotic preferences in situational impotence.

Sometimes the main reason for situational impotence is a gross anomaly in a patient's erotic preferences. However, those patients who for one reason or other try to adjust in their sexual interactions to the general norm tend to hide or underestimate their true erotic preferences. This makes it necessary sometimes to base our diagnosis on data other than a patient's verbal report. An overview on nonverbal diagnostic methods is presented, and one of them, the phallometric test, is described in more detail, including a discussion of its limitations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Heterosexual interest in homosexual males.

Androphilic, ephebophilic, and homosexual pedophilic males were compared on heterosexual interest and arousal potential. The former was measured by the subjects' retrospective reports and the latter by penile responses to pictures of females. The penile responses of the ephebophilic and homosexual pedophilic groups to pictures of physically mature females were not different from those of androphilic males. In the present study as well as in an earlier one, the ephebophilic males responded significantly more to physically mature males than to physically mature females. Homosexual pedophilic males showed little difference in responses to physically mature males and females. In retrospective reports of heterosexual interest and experience and of development of homosexual interest and activities, there were only two differences among the groups: as opposed to androphilic males, a relatively greater number of ephebophilic and homosexual pedophilic males indicated that up to age 15 or later they had felt attracted exclusively to females and that they had been seduced in childhood or early adolescence by a male. These results will have to be replicated before being accepted as reliable. As in some earlier studies, there was a weak but significant correlation of degree of "feminine gender identity" with age at onset of homosexual interest and with heterosexual interest or experience. A higher degree of feminine gender identity went together with less heterosexual interest and experience and with an earlier onset of homosexual interest and experience.

Adolescent↗