Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Fischer.
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In patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) the majority of peripheral blood lymphocytes was characterized as B cells by surface membrane markers. Ultrastructural studies revealed a reduction of the cytoplasmic area. Furthermore, the number of lysosomes was diminished corresponding to a decreased activity of lysosomal hydrolases. Increasing blood lymphocytosis was paralleled by an increase of the percentage of lysosome-poor lymphocytes. Response of CLL lymphocytes to in vitro stimulation with PHA and PWM was either lacking or diminished and/or delayed, and the number of transformed cells was reduced. Thus, the majority of CLL lymphocytes appears to represent both morphologically and functionally abnormal neoplastic b cells. During the early and later phase of stimulation the mitogen-reactive CLL lymphocytes exhibited alterations of the lysosomal apparatus similar to those observed in normal cells. The reactive lymphocytes may be derived from residual populations of normally functioning T and/or B cells. However, the neoplastic cells may also be able to respond to the mitogens. In vivo studies showed impaired kinetics of circulation and recirculation of CLL B lymphocytes, whereas the T cells were normal in this respect.
Prenatal blood transfusion of a fetus established anemia due to rhesus hemolytic disease can be life saving. In Hamburg-Eppendorf 252 transfusions in 130 babies have so far been carried out. The success rate was 51%. Out of 39 babies who had ascites at the time of the first transfusion, 13 survived. The amount of ascites aspirated at the first transfusion correlates with the prognosis: The chance of producing a living and healthy child is greater when the amount of ascites is under 5 mls than when it is over 5 mls. Babies with amniotic fluid bilirubin values from 0.4 to 0.6 still have a good chance of survival, whereas the prospects of success with values over 0.6 are very small. The technical risk of prenatal transfusion before the 27th week amounts, according to our observations, to about 6%.
The effects of cytochalasin B, colchicine and vinblastine on the rosette formation of human T lymphocytes with neuraminidase-treated human erythrocytes (nHRBC) and with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) have been studied. Pretreatment of the lymphocytes with cytochalasin B which affects microfilament action reversibly inhibits both nHRBC and SRBC rosette formation. Colchicine and vinblastine known to interact with microtubules causes no major reduction in rosette-forming cells. The results suggest that normally functioning microfilaments are necessary for nHRBC and SRBC rosetting, whereas microtubules are not essential for the blinding of the erythrocytes to the lymphocytes.
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With the anti-placente rabbit serum three different placente antigens could be demonstrated in the serum of pregnant women and new borns, in ascites hydropic new borns and in liquor ammin. These fetal antigens could be also demonstrated in the serum of women with malignant and benign tumors. There was no identity with alpha1-fetal protein or C-reactive protein. It is discussed either the tumor cells synthesize fetal proteins directly or they produce substances which stimulate the organism for production of these antigens.
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162 children with severe Rh-erythroblastosis were treated with 326 prenatal blood transfusions. 89 (55%) survived. The indication and technique for this treatment and the postnatal intensive care of the newborn are reported. Prenatal diagnosis is extended by the author's immunofluorescence technique assessing the fetal Rh factor D even as minute contamination amongst other cells, in order to privente unnecessary treatment of Rh negative children. Checking the effectiveness of prenatal blood-transfusion this technique can demonstrate differences in the counts of HbF- and D-cells. Success of treatment appears to be, in part, determined by dexamethasone just before delivery and by immediate postnatal substitution of erythrocyte concentrates and following exchange transfusion. With increasing experience the percentage of successful treatment rose. Of 40 children treated during the last 2 years with 95 prenatal transfusions, 67,5% survived. 41 fetuses had ascites already at the first prenatal transfusion. 9 of them (22%) survived. The data of the children treated, earliest in the 21st week of pregnancy, are given: Bilirubin level in amniotic fluid, number of prenatal transfusions, gestational week at delivery, hematocrit, HbF cells, number of postnatal exchange transfusions and later transfusions. Postnatal development of successfully treated children corresponds to that of other premature children without erythroblastosis.
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