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Biomedical subjects

K F Faull

Publications and source records attributed to K F Faull.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

MMPI measures of impulsivity and depression correlate with CSF 5-HIAA and HVA in depression but not schizophrenia.

Recent studies have linked impulsivity with CSF concentrations of both 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA). One work found a negative correlation between the MMPI psychopathic deviate (Pd) scale and 5-HIAA in personality disordered men (Brown et al., 1982). We found that the 5-HIAA/Pd correlation extends (P less than 0.05) to unmedicated depressed patients (n = 21). A trend was found between HVA and Pd in depression. There was no relationship between either metabolite and the Pd scale in unmedicated schizophrenics (n = 24). A significant inverse correlation was found between the MMPI depression scale and CSF HVA but not 5-HIAA in the depressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for the role of serotonin in the regulation of slow wave sleep in schizophrenia.

Nocturnal sleep data and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the biogenic amine metabolites were measured in 20 male schizophrenics. Consistent with other reports of a stage 4 sleep deficit in schizophrenia, measures of stage 4 sleep were low relative to normal reference data. Measures of stage 4 sleep in absolute amounts and corrected for total sleep were positively correlated with CSF concentrations of the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA). CSF 5-HIAA was also correlated with measures of stage 3 sleep and total sleep time suggesting that serotonin may modulate the amount of slow wave sleep broadly defined and possibly sleep duration. Total stage 4 time was also correlated with the dopamine metabolite HVA; consequently, the specificity of the finding might be limited. Also, in this study, schizophrenia was used as a particular model for stage 4 deficits; however, the association of measures of stage 4 sleep with CSF levels of 5-HIAA is not thought to be specific to schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intercorrelations among monoamine metabolite concentrations in human lumbar CSF are not due to a shared acid transport system.

Intercorrelations among homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-methoxy-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) concentrations in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were examined before and after blockade of the acid transport system by probenecid in 59 psychiatric inpatients. The three compounds remained intercorrelated despite acid transport blockade, suggesting that the common transport system does not account for their covariance. Other possibilities to explain the interrelationship among these compounds are discussed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1990

CNS monoamines and their metabolites in canine narcolepsy: a replication study.

In two separate studies a significantly greater concentration of DA (dopamine) and its metabolite, DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid), was observed in the amygdala of narcoleptic canines. DOPAC was also significantly elevated in the reticularis parvicellularis, whereas NE (norepinephrine) was significantly elevated in the reticularis oralis, but depressed in the preoptic hypothalamus. No changes were observed in concentrations of serotonin or its metabolite, 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleauric acid) in any region in the narcoleptic canine brain. Results of the two studies were similar, except that previously observed differences between narcoleptic and control canines in DOPAC levels in the caudate and reticularis oralis failed to replicate. Thus, steady state measures of neurotransmitter/metabolite tissue concentrations suggest region-specific alterations in DA and NE metabolism, rather than a global deficit in catecholamine neurotransmission in canine narcolepsy.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1990

CSF 5-HIAA, serum cortisol, and age differentially predict vegetative and cognitive symptoms in depression.

Prior studies have shown that both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) and serum cortisol levels are related to overall symptom severity in depression. In the present study, 30 unmedicated inpatients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) criteria for depression participated in serum cortisol collection and a lumbar puncture for CSF. A multiple regression evaluated the ability of CSF 5-HIAA, serum cortisol, and age to predict cognitive and vegetative symptom clusters of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The multiple regression to predict the vegetative symptom cluster was highly significant overall (p = 0.002) and found that age and cortisol but not 5-HIAA predicted vegetative symptoms. The regression to predict the cognitive cluster narrowly missed overall significance (p = 0.06). Both CSF 5-HIAA and serum cortisol predicted cognitive symptoms and 5-HIAA predicted the cognitive cluster more strongly than cortisol. Age did not predict cognitive symptoms. The results suggest a dissociation between serum cortisol levels and CSF 5-HIAA in predicting vegetative and cognitive symptom clusters in depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectroscopy and B/E linked scan analysis of triaryl phosphates and triethylene glycol fatty acid esters.

Tris(isopropylphenyl/phenyl) phosphates and triethylene glycol dicaprate/caprylate mixtures of typical industrial compositions have been analyzed by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry, FAB collisional activation (CA) mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectroscopy and FAB/electron impact (EI) CA B/E linked scans. Data obtained by these state-of-the-art methodologies are compared qualitatively and semi-quantitatively with those provided by classical gas chromatography (GC)/EI MS. To identify the plasticizers in cases of suspected contamination, GC/EI MS still appears to be the method of choice whenever ultimate sensitivity and specificity are needed. In cases where these requirements are less demanding, FAB mass spectrometry and FAB tandem mass spectrometry may be sufficient and more convenient.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

Passage of MHPG from plasma to CSF in a non-human primate.

In experimental protocols with humans and non-human primates, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), the predominant end-product of norepinephrine metabolism in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), have been widely used as an index of the rate of CNS norepinephrine metabolism. However, an earlier investigation showed that there was slow but free exchange between plasma and CSF MHPG. To define more precisely the time-course of equilibration of plasma and CSF MHPG, we intravenously administered 100 micrograms/kg of [2H3]-MHPG to drug-naive squirrel monkeys. Measurements were made of the concentrations of [2H3]- and [1H]-MHPG in plasma and cervical CSF samples collected at time points from 10 min to 4 hr thereafter. The results indicated that neither plasma nor CSF concentrations of [1H]-MHPG changed during the course of the experiment, and that [2H3]-MHPG appeared in the CSF within 10 min of intravenous administration. The maximal plasma and CSF concentrations of [2H3]-MHPG were 7.6- and 2.3-fold higher than the respective concentrations of [1H]-MHPG. The plasma and CSF pools of [2H3]-MHPG reached concentration equilibrium within 30 min, and thereafter the temporal decline in concentration of [2H3]-MHPG was the same in plasma and CSF. These results demonstrate that MHPG rapidly crosses from plasma to CSF, and support the suggestion that this factor be included in any attempts to estimate norepinephrine turnover in the CNS from measurements of steady-state MHPG concentrations in CSF or plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fast enzymatic preparation of L-dopa from tyrosine and molecular oxygen: a potential method for preparing [15O]L-dopa.

A fast, simple and inexpensive enzymatic preparation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) from molecular oxygen and tyrosine using mushroom tyrosinase is described. The theoretical incubation time for production of [15O]L-DOPA with maximal specific activity from [15O]O2 can be calculated to be about 3 min. In practice, using a specially-designed glass reaction chamber to facilitate the incorporation of gaseous molecular oxygen into L-DOPA with zero lag-time, a 3 min reaction with 1% oxygen in nitrogen results in the formation of approx. 3.9 mumols of L-DOPA, representing conversion of about 14% of the tyrosine substrate. Given access to a supply of [15O]O2, the method should be applicable to the preparation of [15O]L-DOPA for use as a PET tracer.

Levodopa↗
PubMed1990

Behavioral and physiological responses to maternal separation in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).

This study extends an examination of the behavioral and pituitary-adrenal responses of infant squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) separated from their mothers under different environmental conditions to another physiological system by measuring the metabolites of the central monoamines found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study included spectrographic examination of the vocalizations emitted by the infant during separation. Infants were separated from their mothers for 24 hr under 3 conditions: Home, infant remained in its home cage after removal of mother; adjacent, infant was placed in a cage adjacent to its mother; and total, infant was totally isolated. The behavioral results indicated that the number of calls emitted differed with condition (adjacent greater than total greater than home), and the peak frequency of the calls and number of multiple calls was greatest in the total condition. Plasma cortisol elevations after separation differentiated the conditions of separation (total greater than adjacent greater than home greater than base). The elevations in the CSF catecholamine metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and homovanillic acid) were also sensitive to the conditions of separation (total greater than adjacent greater than base). These results are discussed in the context of coping theory.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

5-HIAA in cerebrospinal fluid and deficit schizophrenic characteristics.

Higher CSF 5-HIAA concentrations and lower CSF HVA concentrations have been associated with various measures of slowed motor behaviour and communication in schizophrenic patients. To derive a single, reliable measure of deficit characteristics in schizophrenic patients, we entered four items of the BPRS reflecting negative symptoms, a work history measure derived from the Strauss-Carpenter scale, and three subscale scores of the WAIS-R into a principal-components analysis to derive a single factor score. The CSF 5-HIAA concentrations were within the normal range of values, and correlated directly with this factor score, but CSF HVA concentrations were not associated with the deficit factor score. These findings add support to the hypothesis that brain serotonin function is associated with deficit schizophrenic characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Influence of maternal proximity on behavioral and physiological responses to separation in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The effects of maternal proximity on the behavioral and physiological responses of infant rhesus macaques during 4 days of total or adjacent separations from the mother were studied. The 6 infants tested showed behavioral responses that differentiated the two separation conditions. Major differences were found in the quantity and quality of vocalizations, the occurrence of cage-biting and cage-shaking behavior, object exploration, and hunched and freezing postures. In particular, the structure of coo vocalizations clearly discriminated between the presence or the absence of the mother during separation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of dopamine and serotonin metabolites did not discriminate between the two separation conditions but showed a transient elevation at 24 hr after separation and were not different from baseline by 96 hr after separation. In contrast, both the plasma cortisol and the CSF norepinephrine metabolite responses tended to be greater and to persist for a longer period of time when infants were totally isolated. The results are discussed within the context of attachment and coping theories.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Retraction.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Retraction Notice↗
PubMed1989

Indole derivatization procedures for electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry: identification of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline in rat brain and lung.

Procedures have been developed for the isolation of pharmacologically active indole compounds from biological samples and for the introduction of electron-capturing groups, pentafluorobenzyl and trifluoroacetyl, onto the indole nitrogen atom. The resulting derivatives have good gas chromatographic properties and strong electron affinities which make them highly suitable for detection by electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. These procedures were used to identify 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline as a component of rat brain and lung.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

CSF phenylacetic acid and hostility in paranoid schizophrenia.

Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of phenylacetic acid were significantly elevated in paranoid vs. nonparanoid schizophrenics. Further, phenylacetic acid concentrations were correlated with hostility. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that phenylethylamine, the proposed precursor of phenylacetic acid, plays a role in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mass spectrometric charting of bovine posterior/intermediate pituitary peptides.

The feasibility for charting neuropeptides in neuroendocrine tissues on the basis of the universal property and inherent specificity of their molecular weights was explored. As a model, a comprehensive MS analysis of extractable peptides from bovine posterior/intermediate pituitary was performed. Two suitable MS techniques--namely, plasma-desorption time-of-flight and fast atom bombardment MS--were evaluated, and each method could identify more than 20 peptides, including N-terminally acetylated and C-terminally amidated species. In toto these peptides account for almost the entire lengths of propressophysin, prooxyphysin, and proopiomelanocortin. Some of the experimentally determined molecular weights did not match any known peptides. Three of these species were identified as acidic joining peptide (4-24) [proopiomelanocortin(83-103)], C-terminal glycopeptide(22-39) [propressophysin(130-147)], and glycosylated C-terminal glycopeptide(1-19) [propressophysin(109-127)] by conventional sequence analysis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

1H NMR spectroscopy: an approach to evaluation of diseased skin in vivo.

1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was tested for its applicability in evaluating diseased skin. In order to explore potential spectral markers characteristic of diseased tissue, perchloric acid (PCA) extracts of psoriasis and malignant melanoma tissues were compared with normal skin, and changes in melanoma after heat treatment were monitored. In psoriatic plaque extract, the spectral peak intensity ratios of Glu: Ser, creatine: Gly, and taurine: Ala were approximately three-fold compared with symptom-free or normal skin, whereas Val: Leu/Ile was one-half the normal skin ratio. In melanoma extracts, the phosphorylcholine (PC)/glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC): Ala, Glu: Ser, and lactate: Ala ratios were five-, three-, and two-fold higher, respectively, than normal skin and the Val: Leu/Ile ratio was two-thirds of normal skin. With heat treatment, PC/GPC: Ala and Glu: Ser ratios decreased, whereas lactate: Ala and Val: Leu/Ile ratios increased three-fold and one-third, respectively. Results indicate that 1H NMR spectroscopy is a sufficiently sensitive technique to distinguish normal from diseased skin. The main attraction of this technique lies in the possibility of non-invasive study of various skin diseases, malignant transformation of benign tumors, and responses to treatment. Several methodologic problems remain to be resolved before a meaningful interpretation of in vivo observations becomes feasible. Correlation of in vivo and in vitro findings is an essential step toward this goal.

Adult↗