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Biomedical subjects

K F Fairley

Publications and source records attributed to K F Fairley.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Drug trials: treatment of urinary tract infection with multiple-dose intramuscular administration of cephamandole.

Therapy with cephamandole (1.0 g, every eight hours) for five days was effective in eliminating cephamandole-sensitive microorganisms from the urinary tract. A 75% cure rate was achieved in a group of 20 patients, 45% of whom had abnormalities of the urinary tract. Local pain (despite addition of lignocaine) was sufficiently prolonged and severe to make multiple-dose intramuscular administration unacceptable. No other toxic effects were encountered.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of severe pre-eclampsia by plasma exchange.

Three women will with pre-existing renal disease developed severe pre-eclampsia with renal failure during the midtrimester of pregnancy. Plasma exchange was commenced at 23, 26 and 29 weeks of gestation and continued, initially daily then second daily, until delivery at 32, 29 and 32 weeks, respectively. During this period, signs of pre-eclampsia regressed and renal function stabilised or improved. One baby with severe hyaline membrane disease died at 6 days; the other 2, now aged 7 months and 4 months, are in good health. Plasma exchange may offer an alternative to termination of pregnancy in the management of patients with severe pre-eclampsia when fetal maturity is insufficient for viability.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Mesangial IgA nephropathy in pregnancy.

The clinical and renal biopsy findings in a group of 12 patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy who had 22 pregnancies are recorded. Seventeen pregnancies were successful. Hypertension was noted in 9 pregnancies and in 12, features of pre-eclamptic toxaemia developed. One patient had post-partum eclampsia. Proteinuria tended to increase during pregnancy and one patient developed nephrotic syndrome which resolved after delivery. Glomerular lesions in these women differed from those in non-pregnant patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy. Focal and segmental proliferative and hyalinosis-sclerosis changes were seen far more frequently than is usual in biopsies from patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy, suggesting that focal and segmental lesions develop during pregnancy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1978

Single-dose therapy in management of urinary tract infection.

A study was undertaken to determine whether single dose therapy for urinary infection can identify those patients who are likely to have underlying pathological changes of the renal tract, and, thus, those patients who need further investigation. Fifty-three patients (50 females, three males) with documented recurrent urinary tract infection, in whom the present infection was confirmed in two consecutive urine specimens, were studied. Patients received a single dose of 0.5 g kanamycin intramuscularly (or another antibiotic for kanamycin-resistant organisms), and urine was cultured daily over the following week. The original infecting organism was eradicated in 22 of the 37 patients (60%) who completed the study (urine clear at one week), but persisted or relapsed in 15. Bacteriuria disappeared within 24 hours in all but four patients, but both relapses and new infections were seen as early as 48 hours after treatment. Fifteen of 18 patients (83%) with radiologically normal renal tracts were successfully treated compared with only 6 of 16 patients (37%) with a radiological abnormality. Failure of single dose therapy to eradicate urinary infection is thus an indication for further investigation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

The forgotten factor in the evaluation of vesicoureteric reflux.

Vesicoureteric reflux is an important factor in pyelonephritic scar formation, but the radiological demonstration of reflux is often difficult. The influence rate of urine formation on radiological assessment of vesicoureteric reflux was studied in 21 patients. After an intravenous injection of 20 mg of frusemide, reflux was reduced or abolished in 19 of the 21 patients. In three patients, vesicoureteric reflux had not been demonstrated at an earlier examination under conditions of normal hydration, but cystourethrograms in the dehydrated state demonstrated reflux. Hydration is an important factor in assessing both the presence and degree of vesicoureteric reflux, and the incidence of false-negative results is reduced by preliminary fluid restriction. Decisions about whether reflux should be corrected surgically are usually based on the degree of reflux. Standardization of the rate of urine formation during micturating cystourethrography is therefore essential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Heparin treatment in severe preeclampsia and glomerulonephritis in pregnancy.

Thirty patients have been treated with heparin during pregnancy or in the immediate postpartum period. Twenty had severe preclamptic toxemia. Five presented before 30 weeks and in addition had low estriol levels and high blood ureas. The chance of a successful pregnancy in such patients is very low indeed; however 3 of these 5 patients had living babies. Even in patients presenting after 30 weeks of gestation, if severe preeclampsia is accompanied by low estriol levels and high blood urea levels, the anticipated fetal survival is poor. However, all 5 patients in this group were treated with heparin and had living babies. In the small group of patients with glomerulonephritis, there was a suggestion that heparin treatment may have been of value. Biopsy studies suggested that heparin may help to prevent lesions in arteries and arterioles which have been noted to develop in association with preeclamptic toxemia. In four patients treated in the postpartum period, there was possible benefit in terms of renal function, intravascular coagulation, vessel lesions, and subsequent successful pregnancies.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗
PubMed1976

The differential diagnosis between preeclamptic toxemia and glomerulonephritis in patients with proteinuria during pregnancy.

The renal biopsies from 123 patients who presented with proteinuria during pregnancy have been reviewed. Forty-seven showed glomerulonephritis that could be diagnosed on morphological grounds or on a clear-cut history of urine abnormalities before pregnancy. Fifty of the remaining 76 had been followed after pregnancy. In these 50 patients, a retrospective diagnosis of glomerulonephritis or preeclamptic toxemia was based on the persistence or disappearance of proteinuria and/or hematuria three or more months after pregnancy. Among 22 in whom a biopsy diagnosis of "pure" preeclamptic toxemia had been made, 19 showed disappearance of urine abnormalities after pregnancy, thus confirming the biopsy diagnosis. A retrospective analysis showed focal and segmental glomeris group but none in the preeclamptic toxemia group. Other differences could not be defined without quantitative evaluation; however, the glomeruli appeared to be more cellular in the glomerulonephritis group. The presence of IgA, IgG, IgM, Complement, and fibrin was not of value in distinguishing glomerulonephritis from preeclamptic toxemia.

Arteries↗
PubMed1975

Return of spermatogenesis after stopping cyclophosphamide therapy.

A follow-up of twenty-six male patients with azoospermia after stopping cyclophosphamide treatment showed a return of spermatogenesis in twelve patients within 15-49 months (mean 31 months). In one patient spermatogenesis returned despite 34 months of treatment with 100 mg. of cyclophosphamide daily. The period of follow-up after stopping cyclophosphamide therapy varied from 5 months to 4 years. After 6 months on cyclophosphamide all patients remained azoospermic while taking the drug. Return of spermatogenesis was not significantly associated with age, duration of cyclophosphamide therapy, total dose, or time of follow-up after stopping treatment; however, the number of patients in the study was small.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Immunogenicity of Escherichia coli O antigen in upper urinary tract infection.

The role of immunogenicity of the infecting organism (Escherichia coli) in the antibody response to O antigen in upper urinary tract infection was investigated. Heat-killed vaccines were prepared from "immunogenic" organisms which had produced upper urinary tract infection associated with high titers of hemagglutinating antibody to O antigen and "nonimmunogenic" organisms which had produced upper urinary tract infection without a rise in antibody titer. "Immunogenic" 06 vaccine produced high titers of antibody in patients regarded as possibly "poor producers" of antibody, but "nonimmunogenic" 011 vaccine was not associated with a rise in titer in patients previously regarded as "good producers". These vaccines were significantly different in immunogenicity (P less than 0.05). Five vaccines were tested in 50 rats. The difference in hemagglutinating titers to O antigen between 06 and 011 was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Immunogenicity of the infecting organism appears to be a significant factor in determining antibody response to O antigen in upper tract infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Loin pain as a presenting symptom in idiopathic glomerulonephritis.

Loin pain may be a major presenting symptom in patients with glomerulonephritis. Most of these patients show an underlying focal and segmental proliferative glomeruloneyphritis and there may be associated deposits of IgA and Igg in the mesangium. In this group of patients, vascular lesions are often prominent in the absence of hypertension. Episodes of recurrent macroscopic hematuria also occur, but the pain cannot be attributed to colic due to blood clots in the ureter.

Back Pain↗