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Biomedical subjects

K Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to K Eriksson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Amplified ELISPOT assay for the detection of HIV-specific antibody-secreting cells in subhuman primates.

A novel immunoenzyme amplification technique has been evaluated in an ELISPOT assay for the detection of antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in monkeys. In this assay, mononuclear cells containing putative ASC are incubated for a few hours in antigen-coated wells. Following removal of the cells, zones of solid phase bound antibodies secreted by individual ASC are visualized in four consecutive steps. First, a primary biotinylated anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) reagent is added followed by enzyme-labelled avidin. The amplification procedure comprises the addition of biotinylated anti-enzyme antibodies in the third stage, followed by enzyme-conjugated avidin and substrate. When evaluated in a modified ELISPOT assay for the detection of simian B cells secreting antibodies to the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), this amplification procedure proved to be suitable even when using anti-human Ig antisera as primary antibody reagents. This development should be useful for other ELISPOT assays where species specific anti-Ig reagents are not always available and, most importantly, for enumerating cells producing immunoreactive substances in such minute amounts that they may escape detection by conventional ELISPOT assays. Furthermore, a functional simian HIV-specific ELISPOT assay could prove valuable for assessing the humoral immunogenicity of future candidate vaccines against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Renal elimination of verbenols in man following experimental alpha-pinene inhalation exposure.

The renal elimination of verbenols after experimental exposure to (+) and (-)alpha-pinene was studied in humans following exposure to 10, 225, and 450 mg.m-3 terpene in an exposure chamber. The pulmonary uptake was about 60%. About 8% was eliminated unchanged in exhaled air. Depending on the exposure level, about 1%-4% of the total uptake was eliminated as cis- and trans-verbenol. Most of the verbenols were eliminated within 20 h after a 2-h exposure. The renal excretion of unchanged alpha-pinene was less than 0.001%.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The alleviation of suffering--the idea of caring.

Caring science is seeking a basic category or the primary form of caring, the focus of caring science which includes the meaning of caring. Caring science does not deny the presence of suffering, even though it aims at soundness and health; suffering is the point from which it begins. Not until the patient has come to terms with his suffering can he hope to recover. Suffering is the most important basic category of all caring. It gives caring a unique quality and soundness and is something which all forms of caring aim to alleviate. Real caring is not just an abstract idea, philosophy or ideology, it is concrete work confronting suffering in real situations.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1992

Never ending growth and a growth factor. I. Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor in a tapeworm.

Basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity (bFGF-IR) was detected in a specific set of nerve cells in the central nervous system of the gull-tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda)--an obligatory endoparasite. The long varicose processes of the bFGF-IR neurons extend along the two main nerve cords, which contain an actively growing population of nerve cells. A neurotrophic function for the bFGF-like material is proposed. The adult tapeworm lives in the intestine of a homeothermic host and has a pattern of very active and never ending growth. The larval stages live in poikilothermic hosts and grow very slowly. The bFGF-IR nerve cells occur both in II stage larvae and in adult worms. Thus, no correlation between the presence of bFGF-IR and the general growth rate of the worm was found. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of an anti-bFGF immunoreactive peptide with a molecular mass of 47 kDa in both larval and adult worms.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunizations of monkeys with synthetic peptides disclose conserved areas on gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 associated with cross-neutralizing antibodies and T-cell recognition.

Site-directed immunization was employed to identify sites on the envelope glycoprotein gp120 for antibody-mediated neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Antisera were raised in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) against a series of 40 overlapping synthetic peptides covering the entire amino acid sequence of gp120 from the HTLV-IIIB strain of HIV-1. Immune sera against 12 of these peptides were reactive with gp120 by immunoblotting analysis, and antisera raised against 5 peptides, corresponding to amino acids (aa) 152-176, 193-218, 206-230, 248-269, and 307-330, were highly efficient in neutralizing HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIB) infectivity in vitro. Admixture of individual neutralizing anti-peptide monkey sera resulted in increment in neutralizing antibody titer. Antisera with reactivity to the relatively conserved regions defined by aa 152-176, 193-230, and 248-269 also neutralized to different extents the infectivity of the five Swedish clinical isolates of HIV-1 tested. Only a few HIV-1-infected people were found to make antibodies to these three conserved domains of gp120 as judged by ELISA using synthetic peptides as antigens. Three of the peptides (aa 152-176, 248-269, and 307-330) that induced neutralization antibodies also induced interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation when added to cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from monkeys immunized with the corresponding peptides, indicating that these domains accommodate T-cell recognition sites. The results have obvious implications for the rational design of subunit vaccines against HIV-1 infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Identification of cis- and trans-verbenol in human urine after occupational exposure to terpenes.

Urine from sawmill workers exposed to alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and delta-3-carene was collected and hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase at pH 5.0 for 24 h at 37 degrees C. After hydrolysis the urine was cleaned on a SEP-PAK C18 cartridge. The cartridge was eluted with n-heptane. The eluate was injected onto a gas chromatograph equipped with a 25-m (0.32-mm ID) SP-1000 capillary column. The major peak in the chromatogram was identified by GC-MS as trans-verbenol by electron impact at 70 eV. cis-Verbenol was also identified. These metabolites could not be detected in non-hydrolyzed urine from the exposed workers or in hydrolyzed urine from an unexposed individual. The recoveries of the verbenols from hydrolyzed urine were in the range of 85 to 94% and the metabolites were stable both in urine and in n-heptane after sample cleaning at -20 degrees C for at least 12 weeks. We suggest that these metabolites are formed from alpha-pinene by hydroxylation.

Bicyclic Monoterpenes↗
PubMed1990

Unaltered [3H]GBR-12935 binding after chronic treatment with dopamine active drugs.

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with haloperidol 0.5 mg/kg, raclopride 1 mg/kg, bromocriptine 2.5 mg/kg, d-amphetamine 2.5 mg/kg, or cocaine 10 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed 72 h after last injection. Control rats were injected with saline, following the same schedule. The radioligand [3H]GBR-12935 was used as a presynaptic marker for dopamine neurites. There were no significant differences in [3H]GBR-12935 binding to striatum between drug-treated rats and controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Loss of dopamine uptake sites labeled with [3H]GBR-12935 in Alzheimer's disease.

The binding of the dopamine uptake inhibitor [3H]GBR-12935 to postmortem putamen from a control group and patients with Alzheimer's disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) or vascular dementia (VD) was studied. The binding density (Bmax) in AD/SDAT was significantly reduced to 50% of control. A reduction of Bmax in VD was also noted, but it did not reach statistical significance. No differences in apparent binding affinity (Kd) between controls and dementia groups were obtained. The concentrations of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) and homovanillic acid were also determined. The concentrations of DA and DOPAC were reduced by 30-40% in AD/SDAT and VD, but the reductions did not reach statistical significance. The concentration of 3-MT was reduced by 40% in AD/SDAT and by 30% in VD. The [3H]GBR-12935-binding densities correlated significantly with corresponding concentrations of DA in control brains. It is suggested that the loss of [3H]GBR-12935-binding sites in human putamen in AD/SDAT reflects a degeneration of dopamine neurites.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Caring paradigms. A study of the origins and the development of caring paradigms among nursing students.

The international discussion about caring has been reflected by two central themes in the twentieth century: (1) How can caring be developed into a holistic paradigm focused on caring and man as a human being? (2) How can a scientific basis be formed for the education, research, and practice of caring? The purpose of this study is to describe how the paradigm should be formed, developed, and integrated among nursing students during the training period. To what extent the paradigm will remain after the training period will be presented in a later article. The data collection was done by means of a questionnaire. The paradigm-measuring instrument was developed in accordance with Törnebohm's paradigm factors. The research group comprised 63 graduate students. In summary we can state that the students have a paradigm already at the beginning which can be characterised as a caring paradigm. Distinct changes have taken place during the training period. The changes are highly significant (p less than 0.001) as to all factors except the capability of developing caring activities (p less than 0.05) and getting people interested in caring (p less than 0.10).

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

[Motivation research in nursing sciences. A description of the basic motivation of nursing science].

The purpose of this article is to describe the function of the motivation research within caring science as well as to study the caritas motive as the basic motive of caring science. As a basic motive is understood a phenomenon, e.g. caring, as a finished whole, which defines its structure and gives it its real character. The task of the systematic caring science is to study the basic motive of caring. The caritas motive can, from the point of view of the ideal history, be seen as one of the basic motives of caring. The caritas motive is formed on the basis of the responsibility the nurse is prepared to take for the patient. Does the caritas motive have a chance, a task in today's caring? Altogether 81 students in the initial phase of their specialized studies were asked this question. The answers given by the students show a desirability profile which outlines more holistic and caritative caring. The students believe in the chance of the caritas motive. Although 73% of the students stated they had found an expression to the caritas motive, before all hope and love. We have got a chance to affect the trends within caring through our consciousness of the basic motive of caring.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗