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Biomedical subjects

K Endo

Publications and source records attributed to K Endo.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Changes of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with oral squamous carcinoma].

The distribution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets of 32 patients, who had undergone surgical removal of squamous carcinoma and have evaded recurrence was studied using OK series monoclonal antibodies. The T-lymphocyte subpopulation was reduced in patients who were tumor free for more than 3 years. The helper/inducer T-cell subpopulation was reduced in most of the patients studied, whereas little change was observed in the subpopulation of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Consequently the ratio of OKT 4+/OKT 8+ was reduced in accordance with the tumor free period.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistological phenotyping of thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Subsets of lymphocytes in the thyroid were immunophenotyped by their surface antigens in frozen tissues of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Using triple layer immunoperoxidase staining (IP), monoclonal antibodies (T3, Leu 3, T8, anti-Tac and Leu 7) were employed to detect markers of T cell subsets, activated T cells, and a natural killer associated antigen. B cells were identified by 2 step IP with anti-IgD antisera. Excluding those cells forming lymphoid follicles, the density of lymphocytes infiltrating between thyroid epithelial cells was much higher in Hashimoto's thyroiditis than in Graves' disease. However, relative proportions of subsets were similar in both diseases. Most of the infiltrating cells were T3 positive T cells (T3+), with more T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T) than Leu 3+ (inducer/helper T). Some Leu 7+ were occasionally seen, but surface IgD positive mature B cells (IgD+) were almost absent. In contrast, IgD+ cells were densely aggregated in primary lymphoid follicles and mantle zones of secondary follicles. In these regions, Leu 3+ cells were about twice as frequent as T8+ cells. Some Leu 7+ and scarce Tac+ cells were also found. The present study indicates a major involvement of immunoregulatory T cells in autoimmune thyroid disease, and also suggested intrathyroidal maturation of B cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Use of nonprotein nitrogen in pigs: effects of dietary urea on the intestinal microflora.

The fecal flora of 2 pigs given an optimal protein diet (digestive crude protein, 13.3%) with 2% urea, 2 pigs given a low protein diet (digestive crude protein, 5.7%) with 2% urea, and 2 pigs given a low protein diet only were bacteriologically investigated before feeding of each diet and on feeding days 21 and 38. The addition of urea to a low protein diet was significantly decreased Lactobacillus (P less than 0.001), Bacteroidaceae (P less than 0.01), Peptococcaceae (P less than 0.05), and Megasphaera (P less than 0.01) in the feces. In addition, there was a marked suppression of anaerobic curved rods (mainly Selenomonas) to undetectable amounts in the feces. A significant reduction (P less than 0.01) of Bifidobacterium and a marked suppression of Megasphaera to undetectable amounts were observed in the feces of pigs given low protein diets without urea. Microbial groups in the ileum and colon of pigs on feeding day 38 were also analyzed. Effects of dietary urea on the intestinal flora included: (i) anaerobic curved rods and spiral rods were restricted mainly to the colon, (ii) smaller numbers of yeasts were present in the intestine, and (iii) Bacteroidaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Eubacterium in the colon were not changed. Many anaerobic isolates, including curved rods and spiral rods, in the colon of pigs may have an important role in urea use.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Clara cell granules of peripheral lung cancers.

Thirty-five peripheral carcinomas of human lungs were morphologically examined in comparison with the bronchiolar nonciliated epithelium. Clara cell granules were found not only in 21 cases of papillary adenocarcinoma, including three of classical bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, but also two of acinar and four of solid carcinoma. The granules of tumor cells were identical to those of bronchiolar nonciliated cells on histochemical and ultrastructural levels. Most granules consisted of a monotonous and finely granular matrix, but there were variants containing fingerprint-like lamellae and small vesicles. These variants were also found in nonciliated cells of normal bronchiolar epithelium. The amount of granules was related to the degree of tumor differentiation. It is suggested that most peripheral carcinomas of the lungs have a potential for Clara cell differentiation, irrespective of whether they exhibit any histologic appearances.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

The effects of small doses of barbiturate on the activity of primate nociceptive tract cells.

The activity of neurons identified as or similar to spinothalamic tract cells was compared in anesthetized, intact monkeys and in unanesthetized, decerebrate or spinalized animals. Background activity and responses to A- and C-fiber volleys were smaller in decerebrate than in the other preparations, suggesting the presence of a tonic descending inhibition of nociceptive tract cells in the decerebrate state. Injections of small doses of sodium pentobarbital caused a slight increase in sensitivity of peripheral receptive fields to mechanical stimuli in some cells, and an increase in responses to squeezing the skin with forceps and to C-fiber volleys. Larger doses of pentobarbital reduced the responses to A- and C-fiber volleys. These observations suggest that the activity of nociceptive tract cells is well preserved in the presence of the doses of pentobarbital we routinely use and are consistent with the hyperalgesic state reported to be produced by small doses of barbiturate.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1984

Synaptic actions of cutaneous A delta fibers on primate motoneurons.

Postsynaptic potentials were recorded from flexor and extensor motoneurons in the lumbosacral enlargement of alpha-chloralose- and sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized monkeys spinalized at a lower thoracic level, in response to volleys in A delta fibers in a cutaneous peripheral nerve (sural nerve). These potentials could be recorded and analyzed in most primate motoneurons with greater ease than in the cat. They correlated well with the third negative wave of the cord dorsum potential (N3 wave) which is also characteristically more distinct in the monkey than in the cat.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1984

Postsynaptic potentials evoked in cat hindlimb motoneurons by C-fiber volleys.

Postsynaptic potentials were recorded from flexor and extensor motoneurons in the lumbosacral enlargement of unanesthetized, decerebrate cats spinalized at an upper lumbar level in response to volleys in C-fibers in cutaneous or mixed peripheral nerves. It is proposed that these potentials contribute to the reflex activity of motoneurons engaged in the flexor withdrawal reflex.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Seasonal changes in contractile activity of a toxic substance from the pedicellaria of the sea urchin Toxopneustes pileolus.

The seasonal change in the activity of an extract from the pedicellariae of the sea urchin Toxopneustes pileolus was investigated in terms of contraction of the longitudinal muscle of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. The protein level of the crude extract from the pedicellariae was high in May, June and July, but was not parallel to the activity of the extract which was low in summer (0.03 X 10(3)-0.33 X 10(3] and became higher in autumn and winter (0.51 X 10(3)-1.1 X 10(3]. The changes in protein level and the specific activity of the extract were also not closely correlated to the reproductive season of the sea urchins. The specific activity of Peak II fraction purified from the extract was high in spring (May), lowest in summer and elevated again in autumn and winter.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Factors influencing peripheral nerve stimulation produced inhibition of primate spinothalamic tract cells.

Several factors that influence the inhibition of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) cells produced by repetitive peripheral conditioning stimulation have been studied. Identified STT cells were recorded from the lumbosacral spinal cord in intact, anesthetized monkeys. In addition, presumed STT cells were recorded from unanesthetized, decerebrate or decerebrate, spinalized monkeys; these cells were identified by antidromic activation from the contralateral ventral lateral funiculus of the upper cervical spinal cord. Activity of the STT cells was evoked by electrically stimulating the sural nerve with pulses having an intensity strong enough to activate C fibers. The C fiber evoked STT cell activity was compared before, during and after repetitive conditioning stimuli applied to the tibial nerve for 5 min. By applying repetitive strengths of conditioning stimuli, it was found that the A delta fiber group is the most important for producing inhibition of STT cells, although significant additional effects were also produced by the A alpha beta and C fiber groups. Conditioning stimuli with fixed intensity at different frequencies showed that the higher the frequency the more powerful the inhibition within the range we tested (0.5-20 Hz). The inhibition produced by peripheral nerve stimulation was segmentally organized, so the most effective nerve in producing inhibition amongst those tested was the ipsilateral tibial nerve. The contralateral sciatic nerve, the ipsilateral median nerve and the contralateral median nerve were less effective in that order. The results of the present experiments suggest that the most effective way to produce analgesia by peripheral nerve stimulation would be by high frequency stimulation of a nerve innervating the area from which pain originates with an intensity at least strong enough to activate A delta fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Imaging of soft tissue tumors with Tc(V)-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid. A new tumor-seeking agent.

Tumor scintigraphy, using Tc(V)-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc(V)-DMS) was performed in 58 patients with soft tissue tumors, and the results were compared with that of Ga-67 citrate. Tc(V)-DMS was found to have a sensitivity of 90% for malignant tumors including aggressive fibromatosis compared to that of Ga-67 citrate, which was 56%. However, the specificity of Tc(V)-DMS for these tumors was 71% but with Ga-67 citrate the specificity was 80%. The imaging accuracy in soft tissue tumors with Tc(V)-DMS and Ga-67 citrate was 78% and 71%, respectively. Although the accumulation of Tc(V)-DMS has been detected in some benign soft tissue tumors, the reduced accumulation in inflammatory lesions compared to Ga-67 citrate was recognized, and Tc(V)-DMS could be of great use in the detection of extension or location of malignant soft tissue tumors.

Abscess↗
PubMed1984

Effect of Clostridium perfringens beta toxin on blood pressure of rats.

Guanethidine treatment or adrenal medullectomy significantly inhibited the elevation in blood pressure induced by Clostridium perfringens beta toxin, and the combination of the two drastically reduced the pressure rise, to less than 19% of that in control rats. When rats were pretreated with tetrodotoxin or hexamethonium, the toxin-evoked rise was significantly inhibited. Elevation in blood pressure induced by the toxin in spinal rats tended to be less than that in control rats. When investigated by a microscopical technique, arteriolar constriction in the mesenteric vasculature was observed after the blood pressure elevation induced by the toxin reached a maximum. Blood flow in the skin decreased with an increase in blood pressure following intravenous injection of the toxin. It is concluded that beta toxin acts on the autonomic nervous system and produces arterial constriction.

Adrenal Medulla↗