Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Endo

Publications and source records attributed to K Endo.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Clinical significance of occult micrometastasis lymph nodes from patients with early gastric cancer who died of recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Even after curative resection of an early gastric cancer, some patients die of a recurrence. It is our view that patients with early gastric cancer who died of their disease had occult micrometastases in perigastric lymph nodes at the time of the original diagnosis. In an attempt to identify these micrometastases, lymph nodes dissected from early gastric cancer lesions were stained after operation with monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin, an essential constituent of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. METHODS: The 420 dissected lymph nodes from 34 patients with node-negative early gastric cancer who died of a recurrence were examined for the presence of tumor cells. We used immunocytochemical techniques and an antiserum to epithelial membrane antigen. The monoclonal antibody CAM 5.2 recognizes cytokeratin polypeptides (human cytokeratin numbers 8 and 18) commonly present in epithelial cells. Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were determined for patients with cytokeratin-positive cells in the lymph nodes. RESULTS. Of 420 lymph nodes, 15 (3.6%) nodes and 23.5% (8 of 34) of the patients presented with cytokeratin-positive cells at the time of primary operation. The presence of cytokeratin positivity was not related to various clinicopathologic factors. The histologic stage of eight cytokeratin-positive cases was upstaged by the group of cytokeratin-positive lymph nodes from stage I to three of stage II, four of stage III, and one of stage IV, hematogenous recurrences were common, and the prognosis was poorer. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical techniques aid in identifying micrometastatic disease in lymph nodes missed in routine hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cytokeratin staining of the dissected lymph nodes is recommended to precisely determine tumor stage and prognosis for patients with early gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopic observation of cultured malignant cells pharmacologically induced to different phenotypes.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of malignant cells after the administration of drugs that cause morphologic changes. METHODS: 1H spectra of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line cultured with interferon gamma, dexamethasone, or sodium butyrate were obtained. The peaks were assigned by two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy spectra of the cells and their perchloric acid extracts. Differential spectra were used to evaluate relative changes in the peaks. RESULTS: In the control culture, choline/phosphocholine peaks were increased in the cell-growth phase, and the 1.26-ppm peak was increased in the confluent state. Treatment by interferon gamma and dexamethasone induced reproducible changes in the peaks of differential spectra corresponding to 1.26 ppm, choline/phosphocholine, and glutamate/glutamine. Dexamethasone treatment broadened lipid peaks. Changes after treatment with sodium butyrate were obscure. Microscopically, cells were induced to morphologically different phenotypes by each drug. CONCLUSION: Cells induced to exhibit morphologically different phenotypes present different 1H spectra.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Different biodistribution of 99mTc-labelled chimeric mouse-human monoclonal antibody between athymic mice model and human.

Biodistribution of chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody against non-specific cross-reacting antigen (chNCA Ab) was studied in athymic mice and patients with metastatic bone disease. 99mTc-chNCA Ab showed a high labelling efficiency, stability and also a high binding ratio to human granulocytes. Since NCA showed cross-reactivity with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), animal experiments showed that 99mTc-chNCA Ab was accumulated in the xenografted tumour which expressed CEA, suggesting the preserved immunoreactivity of labelled materials. In the clinical study, injected 99mTc-chNCA Ab formed a high molecular weight complex immediately after intravenous administration and was trapped mainly in liver. The first-phase plasma half-life was 6.4 +/- 1.1 min. None of the patients showed adverse reaction or human antimurine or anti-chimeric antibody in their serum. 99mTc-chNCA Ab demonstrated remarkably different biodistribution between patients and the animal model and showed different pharmacokinetics from other murine and chimeric Abs reported previously. For safety HPLC analysis should be performed before clinical radioimmunodetection or radioimmunotherapy by incubating radiolabelled MAb with human serum under strict conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Intergenerational instability of the CAG repeat of the gene for Machado-Joseph disease (MJD1) is affected by the genotype of the normal chromosome: implications for the molecular mechanisms of the instability of the CAG repeat.

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by unstable expansion of a CAG repeat in the MJD1 gene at 14q32.1. To identify elements affecting the intergenerational instability of the CAG repeat, we investigated whether the CGG/GGG polymorphism at the 3' end of the CAG repeat affects intergenerational instability of the CAG repeat. The [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes were found to result in significantly greater instability of the CAG repeat compared to the [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-CGG] or [expanded (CAG)nGGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes. Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the relative risk for a large intergenerational change in the number of CAG repeat units (< -2 or > 2) is 7.7-fold (95% CI: 2.5-23.9) higher in the case of paternal transmission than in that of maternal transmission and 7.4-fold (95% CI: 2.4-23.3) higher in the case of transmission from a parent with the [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes than in that of transmission from a parent with the [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-CGG] or [expanded (CAG)n-GGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes. The combination of paternal transmission and the [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes resulted in a 75.2-fold (95% CI: 9.0-625.0) increase in the relative risk compared with that of maternal transmission and the [expanded (CAG)n-CGG]/[normal (CAG)n-CGG] or [expanded (CAG)n-GGG]/[normal (CAG)n-GGG] haplotypes. The results suggest that an inter-allelic interaction is involved in the intergenerational instability of the expanded CAG repeat.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14↗
PubMed1996

A "changing stripe sign" in serial pulmonary perfusion imaging.

A stripe sign in pulmonary perfusion imaging is reported to be predictive of the absence of pulmonary embolism in the specific area of the stripe sign, and generally does not change on serial pulmonary perfusion imaging. The authors present the case of a patient with a stripe sign that disappeared on serial perfusion imaging without a ventilation abnormality. A "changing stripe sign" may raise suspicion for the possible existence of acute pulmonary embolism.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

A multicenter validation of regional cerebral blood flow quantitation using [123I]iodoamphetamine and single photon emission computed tomography.

Recently, two methods have been proposed for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) quantitation using [123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The table look-up (TLU) method has been shown to provide both rCBF and volume of distribution, Vd, images from two SPECT scans, while a single-scan autoradiographic (ARG) technique provided rCBF using a fixed and assumed Vd. In both methods, a single blood sample was referred to calibrate the previously determined standard input function. The present multicenter project was designed to evaluate the accuracy of both methods for use as clinical investigative tools. Ten independent institutions performed [123I]IMP-SPECT studies according to both methods in 76 subjects (10 normal volunteers, 32 patients with cerebrovascular disease, and 34 patients with other diseases). Calculated rCBF values were compared with those obtained by the following reference methods available in the participating institutions; [15O] H2O positron emission tomography (PET) (five institutions), [133Xe]SPECT (four institutions), and the [123I]IMP microsphere method (three institutions). Both ARG and TLU methods provided rCBF values that were significantly correlated with those measured by the [15O] H2O PET technique (p < 0.001 for all subjects; overall regression equation, y = 15.14 + 0.54x) and those measured by the [123I]IMP-microsphere method (p < 0.001 for all subjects: y = 2.0 + 0.80x). Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed in 18 of 24 subjects studied with the [133Xe] SPECT reference technique (overall regression equation, y = 15.0 + 0.55x). Mean cortical gray matter rCBF in a group of normal subject was 43.9 +/- 3.3 and 43.4 +/- 2.0 ml/min/100 g for the ARG and TLU methods, respectively. Regional Vd of [123I]IMP estimated by the TLU method was 45 ml/ml +/- 20% in the normal cortical region. Close agreement between ARG and TLU rCBF values was observed (y = -3.21 + 1.07x, r = 0.97), confirming the validity of assuming a fixed Vd in the ARG method. Results of this study demonstrate that both the ARG and TLU methods accurately and reliably estimate rCBF in a variety of clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 for tumor radioimmunoimaging.

A mouse-human chimeric antibody for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was established by using heavy chain loss mouse mutant hybridoma and human immunoglobulin expression vector. The HA58 hybridoma secreted anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (IgG1, kappa). The gene of the mouse variable region of heavy chain was amplified and cloned by the polymerase chain reaction technique directly from the HA58 hybridoma RNA. The variable region of heavy chain was joined with an expression vector which contains human gamma 1 constant gene. The expression vector was transfected into heavy chain loss mutant cells HA58-7, which produced only murine immunoglobulin light chains. The resultant chimeric MoAb HA58, chHA58, retained full-binding reactivity to ICAM-1 compared with murine HA58 parental antibody. The chimeric MoAb chHA58 showed little antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against cultured tumor cells. Biodistribution studies with 99mTc-labeled chHA58 in nude mice bearing human gastric carcinoma JRST cells demonstrated that the tumor-blood ratio was 1.55 at 18 h after injection, when the tumors were clearly visible in gamma scintigraphy. These data suggest that chHA58 may be of practical use for radioimmunoimaging of a wide variety of tumors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Oncogenic collaboration of the cyclin D1 (PRAD1, bcl-1) gene with a mutated p53 and an activated ras oncogene in neoplastic transformation.

Cyclin D1 is one of the key regulators in G1 progression in the cell cycle and is also a candidate oncogene (termed PRAD1 or bcl-1) in several types of human tumors. We report a collaboration of the cyclin D1 gene with ras and a mutated form of p53 (p53-mt) in neoplastic transformation. Transfection of cyclin D1 alone or in combination with ras or with p53-mt was not sufficient for focus formation of rat embryonic fibroblasts. However, focus formation induced by co-transfection of ras and p53-mt was enhanced in the presence of the cyclin D1-expression plasmid. Co-transfection of ras- and p53-mt-transformants with the cyclin D1-expression plasmid resulted in reduced serum dependency in vitro. Furthermore, the transformants expressing exogenous cyclin D1 grew faster than those without the cyclin D1 plasmid when injected into nude mice. These observations strengthen the significance of cyclin D1 overexpression through gene rearrangement or gene amplification observed in human tumors as a step in multistep oncogenesis; deregulated expression of cyclin D1 may reduce the requirement for growth factors and may stimulate in vivo growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of circulating antigen on immunoscintigraphy of ovarian cancer patients using anti-CA125 monoclonal antibody.

The murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 145-9 recognizes an epitope present on CA125 but different from the epitope defined by the mAb OC125. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of the 145-9 antibody, immunoscintigraphy was performed in ovarian cancer patients and the effect of circulating CA125 on tumor imaging was investigated. Two milligrams (74 MBq) of 111In-labeled 145-9 was injected intravenously into 11 patients with ovarian cancer. Pre-injection serum CA125 concentrations were between 166 U/ml and 7414 U/ml. Tumors were visualized in 10 of 11 patients. In two patients, lymph nodes that were not detected by other imaging modalities but were clinically suspected as metastases were visualized. There was no correlation between serum CA125 level and antibody uptake in the tumors. Immune complexes between the antibody and circulating antigen were observed in sera of all the patients, but the fraction of radioactivity in complex form did not correlate well with serum CA125 levels. The immune complexes survived in the circulation and the circulating radiolabel, including immune complexes, was still bound to solid-phase CA125. The plasma clearance rate and hepatic uptake of the antibody were not significantly affected by circulating CA125. In conclusion, the antibody 145-9 formed complexes with CA125 in vivo but this did not Compromise the outcome of antibody imaging. The antibody 145-9 can be used in immunoscintigraphy of ovarian cancer irrespective of serum CA125 level.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Specificity and affinity of 26 monoclonal antibodies against the CA 125 antigen: first report from the ISOBM TD-1 workshop. International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine.

The specificity of 26 monoclonal antibodies against the CA 125 antigen was investigated in two phases of the ISOBM TD-1 workshop. The binding specificity was studied using CA 125 immunoextracted by specific antibodies immobilized on various solid phases, or on the surface of human cell lines. Immunometric assays using all possible antibody combinations were used to study the topography of antibody binding sites on the antigen. We conclude that the CA 125 antigen carries only two major antigenic domains, which classifies the antibodies as OC125-like (group A) or M11-like (group B). One antibody, OV 197, showed binding specificity related to some of the OC125-like antibodies, but was classified into a separate group C. The OC125-like group of antibodies has four subgroups with different binding specificities. These are A1 = OC 125 and K 95, A2 = K 93, A3 = B43.13, and A4 = ZS 33, B27.1 and CCD 247. Binding of nonlabelled OC 125 or K 95 to CA 125 caused a marked increase in binding of labelled OV 197 to the complex. This conformational change was not observed with any other antibody combinations. Antibody B43.13 could form immunometric assay combinations particularly with antibodies of subgroup A4, indicating that the B43.13 epitope is in the periphery of the binding area of OC125-like antibodies. The M11-like group of antibodies is more homogenous with strong cross-inhibition between most antibodies. Only one antibody, ZR 38, would form an immunoassay combination with other M11-like antibodies and thus represents a distinct subgroup. The main group of M11-like antibodies are M 11, ZR 45, MA602-6, K 91, OV 185, K 101, K 90, K 96, K 97, K 102, CCD 242, 145-9, and 130-22. Antibody OV 197 binds to a domain designated C and is unique, as stated above. Antibody pairs from any two of the three groups may be used in immunometric assays. Three antibodies were not studied by complete cross-inhibition due to low affinity (OV 198 and K 100) or lack of material (MA602-1). OV 198 and K 100 are most likely OC125-like and MA602-1 is M11-like. Antibody affinity was estimated with labelled antigen in solution or with antigen absorbed on microtiter wells. Western blot analysis showed staining both in the stacking gel and corresponding to a molecule of 200 kDa. There was a marked difference between the antibodies in their ability to bind to CA 125 immobilized on a membrane. Strongest binding was observed with the M11-like antibodies, particularly M 11, K 96, K 97, MA602-6, 145-9. Antibodies belonging to the subgroup A4 were the only OC 125-like antibodies which reacted well with CA 125 in Western analysis. Digestion of CA 125 with proteolytic enzymes showed it to be particularly sensitive to trypsin cleavage. However, no low molecular weight fragments with preserved immunoreactivity were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Prostaglandin F synthase is localized to contractile interstitial cells in bovine lung.

It was recently found that certain cells in the alveolar septum of the bovine lung are enriched in prostaglandin F (PGF) synthase. In this study we used immunohistochemical techniques at both light and electron microscopic levels to further characterize the PGF synthase-positive cells. By double immunofluorescence staining of bovine lung cryostat sections, the alveolar septal cells labeled by anti-PGF synthase antibody were also intensely labeled for cytoplasmic actin but not for alpha-smooth muscle actin. This labeling pattern suggests that the PGF synthase-positive cells in the septum are "contractile interstitial cells," which resemble conventional fibroblasts but characteristically contain prominent bundles of actin filaments. Immunogold electron microscopy of ultra-thin frozen sections of bovine lung showed that alveolar interstitial cells extending long cytoplasmic processes and closely associated with alveolar capillaries were intensely labeled for PGF synthase. Capillary endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and some fibroblastic cells were devoid of labeling. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that PGF synthase is specifically expressed in contractile interstitial cells within the alveolar septum. The protein may be a useful marker for contractile interstitial cells, whose physiological function and role in various pathological conditions have not been characterized in detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of thyroid hormone on carbonic anhydrase I concentration in human erythroid burst-forming unit-derived cells.

Individuals with hyperthyroidism exhibit red blood cell concentrations of carbonic anhydrase I (CAI) that reflect the integrated serum thyroid hormone concentration over the preceding few months. Furthermore, T3, at a physiological free concentration, decreases the CAI concentration in human erythroleukemic YN-1 cells. The effect of T3 on CAI concentration in burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E)- derived cells, obtained by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells with various cytokines, including erythropoietin, has now been investigated. BFU-E-derived cells contained a high concentration of CAI (mean +/- SE, 4.8 +/- 0.8 x 10(-12) mol/10(6) cells; n = 8). The CAI in BFU-E-derived cells was immunologically identical to that present in mature red blood cells. T3 decreased the CAI concentration in BFU-E-derived cells in a dose-dependent manner (28%, 47% and 75% decreases at 3 x 10(-10), 1 x 10(-9), and 3 x 10(-9) mol/liter T3, respectively). These results suggest that BFU-E-derived cells may be used to study the effect of T3 on human red blood cell CAI. This system may prove useful in the tissue diagnosis of resistance to thyroid hormone.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Physicochemical properties of suplatast tosilate racemate and enantiomers].

The physicochemical properties of the enantiomer and racemates of suplatast tosilate (ST) were investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and by measuring the solubility and hygroscopy. The infrared and NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction pattern of the enantiomer were distinctly different from those of the racemate. The melting point of the enantiomer was lower than that of the racemate by 5 degrees C, while the solubility of the enantiomer was 1.3 times higher than that of the racemate. The hygroscopic rate of the enantiomer was greater than that of the racemate. These results suggested that ST was classified into a racemic compound crystal. Furthermore, by comparing the relative peak intensity ratios on X-ray diffraction patterns of the crystals with various optical purities prepared by recrystallization, it was found that a mixture of racemic compound crystals and either of racemic mixture crystals or racemic solid solutions was obtained by recrystallization of ST in the content of 0 to 64%ee, while the recrystallization of ST in the content of more than 64%ee led to the formation of racemic mixture crystals or racemic solid solutions.

Anti-Allergic Agents↗
PubMed1996

The CT findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

We analyzed the CT findings in 35 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Twenty-seven patients had biopsy-proven sarcoidosis; in eight patients the diagnosis was made clinically. In all the 35 patients, 10-mm collimation scans were available. In seven patients, high-resolution CT was also obtained. Twenty-eight patients had lymphadenopathy associated with pulmonary infiltration, two patients had pulmonary infiltration without lymphadenpathy, five patients had lymphadenopathy alone. The most frequent parenchymal features on CT were small nodules (100%) and irregularly thickened bronchovascular bundle (90%). Other frequent CT findings were pleural or subpleural thickening (83%), septal lines (73%) and ground-glass attenuation (63%). In all cases, small nodules were associated with other lesions. The authors conclude that in patients with sarcoidosis, CT is a valuable technique to visualize the findings in the pulmonary parenchyma characteristic enough to allow confident diagnosis. While high-resolution CT is superior in the assessment of linear opacities and cysts, conventional CT is superior in demonstrating small nodular opacities. We believe that both should be combined in the examination of patients with sarcoidosis.

Adult↗