Improvement of Satoyoshi syndrome with tacrolimus and corticosteroids.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
K Endo
Publications and source records attributed to K Endo.
Intraoperative location of small gastrointestinal cancers with a handheld gamma probe.
The location of a small lesion must be precisely identified during laparoscopic surgery. A gamma probe that is usually used for navigating sentinel lymph nodes was evaluated for its usefulness in locating small gastrointestinal lesions (14 gastric and 10 colonic). A total of 2 mCi of a Tc(99m)-labeled rhenium colloid was injected endoscopically around a tumor 16 h prior to surgery. During operation, the abdominal cavity was scanned using a handheld gamma probe (Navigator GPS, Tyco HealthCare, Norwalk, CT, USA). In all cases, the injection site was identified as the highest spot in the abdominal cavity, with 2585 counts per second on average (range, 910-8800 counts per second). The highest count in a lymph node was 637 per second on average. The gamma probe is a useful tool for identifying small gastrointestinal lesions during open and laparoscopic operations.
Colectomy↗
A new active vitamin D analog, ED-71, causes increase in bone mass with preferential effects on bone in osteoporotic patients.
As a candidate for active vitamin D analogs that have selective effects on bone, 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(3-hydroxypropoxy)vitamin D3 (ED-71) has been synthesized and is currently under clinical trials. In ovariectomized rat model for osteoporosis, ED-71 caused an increase bone mass at the lumbar vertebra to a greater extent than 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (alfacalcidol), while enhancing calcium absorption and decreasing serum parathyroid hormone levels to the same degree as alfacalcidol. ED-71 lowered the biochemical and histological parameters of bone resorption more potently than alfacalcidol, while maintaining bone formation markers. An early phase II clinical trial was conducted with 109 primary osteoporotic patients. The results indicate that oral daily administration of ED-71 (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 microgram) for 6 months increased lumbar bone mineral density in a dose-dependent manner without causing hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. ED-71 also exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of urinary deoxypyridinoline with no significant reduction in serum osteocalcin. These results demonstrate that ED-71 has preferential effects on bone with diminished effects on intestinal calcium absorption. ED-71 offers potentially a new modality of therapy for osteoporosis with selective effects on bone.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
FDG-PET for preoperative differential diagnosis between benign and malignant soft tissue masses.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the standardized uptake value (SUV) of [(18)F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro- d-glucose at positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for preoperative differential diagnosis between benign and malignant soft tissue masses. DESIGN: One hundred and fourteen soft tissue masses (80 benign, 34 malignant) were examined by FDG-PET prior to tissue diagnosis. The SUVs were calculated and compared between benign and malignant lesions and among different histologic subgroups which included three or more cases. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in SUV between benign (1.80+/-1.42 [SD]) and malignant (4.20+/-3.16) soft tissue masses in total (P<0.0001). However, a considerable overlap in SUV was observed between many benign and malignant lesions. Liposarcomas (2.16+/-1.72) and synovial sarcomas (1.60+/-0.43) did not show significantly higher SUV than any benign lesions. Metastases (4.23+/-2.35) showed no statistically significant difference in SUV as compared with schwannomas (1.75+/-0.84), desmoids (2.77+/-1.32), sarcoidosis (3.62+/-1.53), or giant cell tumors of tendon sheath (GCT of TS; 5.06+/-1.63). Even malignant fibrous histiocytomas (5.37+/-1.40) could not be differentiated from sarcoidosis or GCT of TS, based on the SUV. CONCLUSIONS: A large accumulation of FDG can be observed in both benign and malignant histiocytic, fibroblastic, or neurogenic lesions. SUV at conventional FDG-PET is limited to differentiating benign from malignant soft tissue masses, when all kinds of histologic subtypes are included.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Clinical longevity of resin-bonded bridges bonded using a vinyl-thiol primer.
The purpose of this study is to clinically confirm the adhesive effect of a vinyl-thiol primer (V-Primer) for precious alloys. Further, we examined the failure of resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) in order to improve the clinical longevity of RBBs, and to analyse the causes of failure. Twenty-six RBBs were bonded with V-primer and Super Bond C & B between May 1987 and December 1997 in the Dental Clinic of the Health Sciences University of Hokkaido. The RBBs were made of silver-palladium-gold alloy or metal-ceramic gold alloys. V-primer was effective in bonding Super Bond C & B to the RBBs made of silver-palladium-gold alloys. Ten prostheses had functioned satisfactorily for 8-11 years. However, six of the 26 RBBs had become detached. In four of the six failed RBBs, the type of bond failure was a mixture fracture in the resin-enamel interface. Our results suggest that: (1) V-primer is effective on RBBs made of silver-palladium-gold alloys. (2) Mechanical retention is necessary for retainers to improve the longevity of RBBs when the V-primer is applied to RBBs made of precious alloys without copper. (3) The RBB should not be applied to abutment teeth that have differences in tooth mobility.
Adhesives↗
Formant interaction as a cue to vowel perception: a case report.
Accumulating evidence indicates that cerebral processing of consonants and vowels is separable. It has been shown that disordered temporal acuity leads to disturbed consonant perception in cases with pure word deafness. In contrast, there has been no clear explanation of how vowel perception is impaired. We examined a patient with auditory agnosia, who showed a differential ability to identify the five Japanese vowels after bilateral cerebral lesions. He correctly identified the vowel [a] in more than 70% of auditory presentations, whereas he identified [i] in only about 30% of presentations. The difference between the first and second formant frequencies "F2-F1" and an artificially defined value "F1-(F2-F1)" for each vowel correlated significantly with the percentage of correct identifications. These findings support the hypothesis that vowel perception is based on formant interactions.
Adult↗
11C-choline PET for the detection of bone and soft tissue tumours in comparison with FDG PET.
We assessed and compared the usefulness of C-choline positron emission tomography (PET) with that of 2-[ F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET for the differentiation between benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumours. A total of 43 patients with 45 lesions were included. C-choline PET and FDG PET were performed from 5 and 40 min, respectively, after injection of 275-370 MBq tracer. PET data were evaluated by using the standardized uptake value (SUV) and were analysed according to the pathological data. C-choline uptake in malignancies was 4.9+/-2.1 (n=14), which was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (2.5+/-1.7, n=31) (P <0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of C-choline PET were 100%, 64.5% and 75.6%, respectively, when 2.59 of the SUV was used as the cut-off value. The FDG uptake in malignancies was 5.1+/-4.2 (n=14) and was also significantly larger than that in benign lesions 2.9+/-2.9 (n=31) (P<0.003). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FDG PET were 85.7%, 41.9% and 55.6%, respectively (cut-off=1.83). The C-choline uptake in the lesions correlated with FDG uptake ( r=0.61, P<0.003). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curve for C-choline PET (area=0.847) was higher than that for FDG PET (area=0.717). This study showed that C-choline PET was superior to FDG PET in differentiation between malignant and benign lesion in bone and soft tissue tumours. C-choline PET might be useful as a screening method for malignant bone and soft tissue tumours.
Adolescent↗
A comparative study of 11C-choline PET and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET in the evaluation of lung cancer.
The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of 11C-choline positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging in the detection of primary lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node metastases. Seventeen patients with histologically proven primary lung cancer were examined with both 11C-choline and FDG PET within a week of each study. Lung cancers were analysed visually and semiquantitatively using the ratio of tumour-to-normal radioactivity (T/N ratio) and standardized uptake value (SUV). Mediastinal lymph node metastases were analysed visually. Although both techniques delineated focal lesions with an increase in tracer accumulation in 13 patients, FDG PET identified three additional patients in whom 11C-choline PET did not visualize any lesion. In the detection of lung cancer <2 cm in size, FDG PET provided higher sensitivity (six of seven, 85.7%) than 11C-choline PET (four of seven, 57.1%). The T/N ratio and SUV were significantly higher with FDG PET (T/N ratio, 7.43+/-6.22; SUV, 4.05+/-3.05) than these were with 11C-choline PET (T/N ratio, 2.93+/-1.19; SUV, 2.93+/-0.79) (P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the T/N ratios and SUVs of FDG and 11C-choline. In the assessment of mediastinal lymph node involvement, FDG PET detected lymph node metastases in two patients who were negative on 11C-choline PET, whereas both techniques could not detect tumour involvement in one patient. Both techniques have clinical value for the non-invasive detection of primary lung cancer that is 2 cm or greater in size. However, FDG PET is superior to 11C-choline PET in the detection of lung cancer that is less than 2 cm in diameter and in mediastinal lymph node metastases.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Assessment of myocardial viability with a positron coincidence gamma camera using fluorodeoxyglucose in comparison with dedicated PET.
The use of dual-head gamma camera modified positron coincidence detection (PCD) is a new, alternative method of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) imaging. This study investigated the potential ability of evaluating myocardial viability in patients with ischaemic heart disease by FDG imaging using PCD. A total of 21 patients (18 male, three female; mean age 59.7+/-8.5 years) with a history of previous myocardial infarction and confirmed coronary angiography underwent FDG PCD and FDG PET after oral glucose loading (75 g). Quantitative analysis was compared between images of FDG PCD and FDG PET. A significant linear correlation between the segmental percentage of FDG uptake obtained by PCD and PET was observed (r=0.63, P<0.001). By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, using FDG PET as the 'gold standard', at the 50% threshold value in PET, FDG PCD showed a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 63% in detecting myocardial viability. Regional analysis showed lower agreement of FDG PCD and FDG PET in the inferior (79%) and septal (70%) walls compared with the other walls. Quantitative evaluation of myocardial viability using FDG PCD yielded comparable clinical results in apex, anterior and lateral walls to that of FDG PET. However, the agreement was lower in the inferior and septal walls. Therefore, results of FDG PCD should be carefully interpreted in evaluating myocardial viability in the inferior and septal walls. The application of a measured attenuation correction and scatter correction are needed to improve the detectability of myocardial viability in FDG imaging by coincidence gamma camera.
Aged↗
PET in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer.
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET has become an increasingly important functional imaging modality in clinical oncology. This article will focus primarily on the role of FDG PET during treatment and follow-up of thyroid cancer. The major role of FDG PET is in patients with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels where thyroid cancer tissue does not concentrate radioiodine rendering false-negative results on I-131 scanning. FDG PET imaging takes advantage of the increased uptake of FDG in cancer cells and is sensitive (60-94%) to the detection of recurrent or metastatic cancer in patients who have negative radioiodine scans. The specificity (25-90%) of PET imaging is relatively less than its sensitivity because some inflammatory processes avidly accumulate FDG. PET can fail to localize the tumour sites in some patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer that retain good iodine ability. This can result the well recognized phenomenon of "flip-flop" depending on the differentiation of the thyroid cancer. Several studies have documented the higher accuracy of PET, compared with other imaging modalities in the evaluation of patients with recurrent or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. The value of thyroid stimulating hormone stimulation for FDG PET has recently been reported. Therefore, if available, this method should be considered in all patients of differentiated thyroid cancer with suspected recurrence and/or metastasis.
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18↗
Peripheral nerve regeneration through alginate gel: analysis of early outgrowth and late increase in diameter of regenerating axons.
Our previous study revealed that alginate gel cross-linked with covalent bonds promoted peripheral nerve regeneration in the cat and rat. The present study analyzed nerve regeneration through alginate gel in the early stages within 2 weeks and the late stages up to 21 months after implantation. Four days after surgery, regenerating axons grew without Schwann cell investment through the partially degraded alginate gel, being in direct contact with the alginate without a basal lamina covering. Numerous mast cells infiltrated into the alginate. One to 2 weeks after surgery, regenerating axons were surrounded by common Schwann cells to form small bundles, with some axons at the periphery being partly in direct contact with alginate. At the distal stump, numerous Schwann cells had migrated into the alginate 8-14 days after surgery. They had no basal laminae. The diameter of regenerated myelinated fibers was small (approximately 1 micro m) at 8 weeks, but increased in diameter, having a distribution pattern similar to that of normal nerve 21 months after surgery. Much better nerve regeneration was found in alginate gel-, than collagen sponge-, and fibrin glue-implanted distal stump 12 months after surgery. These results indicate that alginate gel has good biocompatibility for regenerating axon outgrowth and Schwann cell migration, and that regenerated fibers can have a diameter as thick as that of normal fibers in the long term. Alginate gel is a promising material for use as an implant for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Alginates↗
Electronic state of small and large cavities for methane hydrate.
It is well known that methane hydrate is aggregates of small and large hydrogen bonded water cavities (composed of 12 pentagonal faces of 20 water molecules, and 12 pentagonal and two hexagonal faces of 24 water molecules, respectively) where one methane molecule is encaged. We calculated the methane molecule in vacuum, the small and large cavities by ab initio MO method to clarify the electronic state. The proton of methane in the cavities is shown to form the weak hydrogen bond (O...H[bond]C) between methane and four water molecules, and the H-bond lengths and energies in the small and large cavities were estimated as (0.293 nm, 6.8 kJ/mol) and (0.309 nm, 5.2 kJ/mol), respectively. The calculated values of symmetric C[bond]H stretching frequencies and (13)C-NMR chemical shieldings of the methane in the two cluster cavities show good agreement with the experimental ones observed by Sum et al. and Ripmeester and coworker, respectively.
Journal Article↗
MR detection of microhemorrhages in neurologically healthy adults.
T2*-weighted gradient-echo (GE) magnetic resonance images frequently demonstrate small hypointense lesions in patients with systemic hypertension and spontaneous hematomas. These lesions have been suspected to represent subclinical microhemorrhages. We examined the incidence of these lesions in neurologically healthy adults, and the factors associated with them. Axial T2*-weighted GE images (TR = 1,000 ms, TE = 30 ms, flip angle = 20 degrees) were obtained in addition to conventional T1- and T2-weighted spin echo images in 450 neurologically healthy Japanese adults (289 men and 161 women; age 52.9 +/- 7.7 years, range 24-84). The overall incidence of small hypointense lesions was 3.1% (14/450), and these lesions were closely related to systemic hypertension (P < 0.0001) and heavy cigarette smoking (>20 cigarettes per day; P=0.003). Although the incidence of hypointense lesions was lower in neurologically healthy adults than in the reported incidence in patients with a hemorrhagic history, the presence of these lesions was related to the risk factors for primary intracerebral hemorrhage even in the neurologically healthy adults.
Adult↗
Fractured surface characterization: wet versus dry bonding.
OBJECTIVE: Fractographic analysis was conducted to evaluate the resin-dentin bond structures made under wet and dry conditions. METHODS: Resin-dentin bonded specimens were prepared using two adhesive resin systems (Single Bond/SB; 3M and All Bond 2/AB2; Bisco Inc) under wet and dry conditions. The specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the adhesive interface to produce a square bar-shaped specimen (adhesive area: 0.9 mm(2)) by means of a diamond saw. The mean bond tensile test was then conducted at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The mean bond strengths were statistically compared with two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (p<0.05). Subsequently, the fractured surfaces of all specimens were examined using SEM and the area fractions of failure modes (%) were measured using an image analyzer on SEM microphotographs. RESULTS: No significant differences in tensile-bond strength were observed between SB (60.1+/-16.4MPa) and AB2 (69.8+/-17.4MPa) (p>0.05) under wet conditions. However, the bond strength either of SB or AB2 made under wet conditions was significantly greater than those made under dry conditions (SB: 26.2+/-12.5MPa and AB2: 6.8+/-3.3MPa) (p<0.05). Under fractographic analysis, the major portion at the fractured surface was occupied by the cohesive failure of bonding resin and the resin composite for the wet conditions, and the top of the hybrid layer for the dry conditions in both systems. SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction between the top of the hybrid layer and the bonding resin influenced the bond integrity.
Adhesiveness↗
Mechanical behavior at different temperatures and stresses for superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires having different transformation temperatures.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires under controlled stress and temperature. METHODS: Three different superelastic nickel-titanium wires were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), three-point bending test and micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD). The three-point bending test was carried out at constant temperature (23, 37 and 60 degrees C) and stepwise temperature changes (37-60 degrees C and to 37 degrees C) (37-2 degrees C and to 37 degrees C). Five specimens of each wire were tested. Micro-XRD spectra were measured at the tension side of the wire when the temperature changed from 37 to 60 degrees C or 2 degrees C. RESULTS: The load during the stepwise temperature changes (37-2 degrees C and to 37 degrees C) was consistent with that measured at a corresponding constant temperature. The micro XRD spectrum clearly showed that the austenite phase was transformed to martensite phase when the temperature is decreased from 37 to 2 degrees C. In a stepwise temperature change (37-60 degrees C and to 37 degrees C), the load became higher than the original load at each corresponding constant temperature. However, there was no detectable change in the micro-XRD spectrum when the temperature was increased from 37 to 60 degrees C. SIGNIFICANCE: The superelastic nickel-titanium wires exhibited complicated and unexpected mechanical properties under stepwise temperature change. This study shows the possibility of qualitative analysis using micro-XRD to understand mechanical properties of these nickel-titanium wires.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
Micro X-ray diffraction study of superelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires at different temperatures and stresses.
The phase transformation behavior in three commercial nickel-titanium orthodontic wires having different transformation temperatures was studied by micro X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD). Micro-XRD spectra were obtained at three different included bending angles (135 degrees, 146 degrees and 157 degrees) and three different temperatures (25 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 60 degrees C). The regions analyzed by micro-XRD were within the separate areas of a given wire specimen that experienced only tensile or compressive strain. The intensity ratio (M002/A110) between the 002 peak for martensitic NiTi and the 110 peak for austenitic NiTi was employed as the index to the proportions of the martensite and austenite phases. The ratio of martensite to austenite increased in all three nickel-titanium wires with decreasing included bending angle (greater permanent bending deformation), and was lower within the compression area for all wires at all bending angles than within the tension area. Micro-XRD provides an effective method for quantitative evaluation of the proportions of these two phases in nickel-titanium orthodontic wires, even though considerable preferred crystallographic orientation exists because of the wire drawing process.
Alloys↗
Quantitative MRI findings and cognitive impairment among community dwelling elderly subjects.
OBJECTIVES: To study the factors which influence cognitive impairment among elderly subjects living in a local community, based on both MRI and clinical findings, to further elucidate the causes of dementia, and also to help develop strategies for its prevention. METHODS: Cranial MRI and other medical examinations were performed on non-demented elderly subjects who resided in one rural community. A total of 254 subjects aged from 60 to 91 years of age, with a mean age of 73.9 (SD 6.8) were examined. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) was used to identify cognitive impairment. White matter lesions and cerebral atrophy on MR images were measured quantitatively. A multivariate analysis was also performed with the existence of cognitive impairment as the dependent variable, and the MRI findings and clinical observations were used as the independent variables. RESULTS: Cognitive impairment was present in 46 subjects (18.1%). They were older, had a lower educational level, and more frequent hypertension compared with those without cognitive impairment. The packed cell volume was lower in the impaired group. In addition, their MRI findings showed significantly larger quantities of white matter lesions and cerebral atrophy, as well as more infarcts. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant relation among such factors as white matter lesions (odds ratio (OR) 1.575, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.123-2.208), cerebral atrophy (OR 0.761, 95%CI 0.587-0.987), and lower education (OR 0.682, 95%CI 0.544-0.855) for subjects with a cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: White matter lesions and cerebral atrophy are factors which induce a cognitive impairment in community dwelling elderly subjects without dementia. It is important to carefully watch for any abnormalities in these factors, and to perform cohort studies to check for the above risk factors, to both prevent and make an early diagnosis of dementia.
Aged↗
The extent to which resin can infiltrate dentin by acetone-based adhesives.
The combined methodologies of fractography and laser-Raman spectroscopic analysis were used for evaluation of the resin-dentin bonds made with wet and dry bonding. Resin-dentin-bonded beams were produced by means of 2 acetone-based adhesives (One-Step and Prime & Bond NT). The micro-tensile bond test was conducted, and the fractured surfaces of all specimens were examined by SEM and an image analyzer. The amount of resin infiltration within the hybrid layer was quantified by means of a laser-Raman spectroscope. In Raman analysis, the amount of resin impregnation within the hybrid layer of the dry bonding was found to be significantly lower (approximately 50%) than that in the wet one. Under fractographic analysis, a correlation was found between the bond strength and the failure mode. Based on those findings, it was suggested that the integrity between the bonding resin and the top of the hybrid layer played a major role in bond strength.
Acetone↗