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Biomedical subjects

K Elgjo

Publications and source records attributed to K Elgjo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Large-bowel carcinomas with different ploidy, related to secretory component, IgA, and CEA in epithelium and plasma.

Immunofluorescence staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), and epithelial IgA was evaluated semiquantitatively in 85 large-bowel carcinomas in relation to degree of tumour differentiation, Dukes' stage, and plasma CEA level. The tumours were divided into a near-diploid (ND, 28) and an aneuploid group (AN, 57) by means of flow-cytometric DNA measurements. Expression of SC and IgA in neoplastic epithelium was positively related to differentiation in both groups. The AN tumours scored significantly higher for CEA than the ND ones, but the staining was apparently unrelated to differentiation or Dukes' stage. CEA expression in the transitional mucosa adjacent to ND tumours was negatively correlated with tumour differentiation, whereas epithelial IgA and SC in this zone showed a substantially higher positive correlation with tumour differentiation, and a somewhat stronger negative correlation with Dukes' stage in the ND than in the AN group. Plasma CEA levels were significantly related to Dukes' stage, only in patients with AN tumours, and only in this group were positively correlated with estimates of total tumour CEA for Dukes' stages A and B. For Dukes' stages C and D (disseminated tumours), moreover, the plasma CEA levels were found to be significantly higher in the AN group. These findings indicate that the DNA profile of large-bowel carcinomas is related both to the way neoplastic cells influence the activity of the transitional mucosa and their capacity for expression and release of epithelial products. AN tumours thus seem to be more active as "secretors" of CEA than ND ones.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component, and epithelial IgA in ulcerative colitis with dysplasia.

Immunofluorescence staining for carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component, and epithelial IgA was evaluated semiquantitatively in routine formalin-fixed mucosal biopsy samples from five patients with ulcerative colitis who had undergone colectomy because of carcinomas. Selected areas were given fluorescence intensity scores without knowledge of whether dysplasia or reactive hyperplasia was present as judged by another observer from conventional histopathological features in adjacent sections. The two types of lesion did not differ significantly with regard to the expression of the three marker antigens. In a prospective study based on cold ethanol-fixed mucosal biopsy samples, lesions from 11 ulcerative colitis patients with dysplasia were compared blindly with lesions from six patients with reactive hyperplasia and with samples obtained endoscopically from eight normal controls. The range of disease-associated fluorescence intensity scores was wide, but staining for all markers tended to be brighter in reactive hyperplasia than in dysplasia (P less than 0.01). In the controls, the fluorescence intensity score tended to be lower for carcinoembryonic antigen but was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher for secretory component and epithelial IgA than in both types of lesion. Moreover, staining for secretory component and epithelial IgA in the lesions seemed to be inversely related to the grade of dysplasia and the degree of inflammation. No such trend was seen for carcinoembryonic antigen. The wide ranges of individual fluorescence scores precluded the possibility of applying carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component, and epithelial IgA as immunohistochemical markers to differentiate between dysplasia and reactive hyperplasia in routine diagnostic work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations and immunohistochemical patterns of epithelial marker antigens in patients with large bowel carcinoma.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), and epithelial IgA were traced by paired immunofluorescence staining in 102 large bowel carcinomas from 99 patients. The immunohistochemical results were evaluated semiquantitatively in relation to histological tumour grade, clinicopathological stage, and preoperative plasma CEA concentration. CEA expression was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in the following order: histologically normal colon mucosa, transitional mucosa adjacent to tumours, neoplastic epithelium; the reverse was true for the expression of SC and epithelial IgA (p less than 0.01). CEA was significantly more abundant in the moderately and poorly differentiated tumors than in the well differentiated ones (p less than 0.05), whereas the latter showed better expression of SC (p less than 0.05) and epithelial IgA (p approximately 0.06). In the transitional mucosa, CEA staining tended to be inversely related to histological tumour grade, whereas SC and epithelial IgA were significantly better seen in this zone when the adjacent tumour was well differentiated than when it was moderately or poorly differentiated (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, the expression of SC and epithelial IgA in the transitional mucosa decreased with increasing invasiveness of the tumours, whereas the opposite relation was indicated for CEA expression. Plasma CEA concentrations were not clearly correlated with histological levels than the localised well differentiated tumours tended to be associated with lower levels than the localised moderately differentiated ones (p approximately 0.06). Moreover, the latter variety was associated with lower plasma CEA concentrations than disseminated tumours of comparable differentiation (p less than 0.01).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. A follow-up study.

In the 5-year period 1974-78, 48 (14%) of 336 patients with ulcerative colitis were found to have hepatobiliary disease. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was successfully performed in 39 of these 48 patients, and sclerosing cholangitis was demonstrated in 19. One is excluded from this series because Crohn's disease was diagnosed at reclassification of the bowel disease. Two of the 18 patients with ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis have died, one of cholangiocarcinoma and one of an unrelated cause. The remaining 16 patients have been observed for a median period of 6 years (3-13 years) since the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. Ten have remained symptom-free, four have had intermittent or non-progressive symptoms, and two have developed symptoms of advanced chronic liver disease. The bilirubin level, which was initially raised in one of the patients, was elevated in four at the follow-up examination. Otherwise the laboratory values have remained stationary. Evidence of a progression of the hepatobiliary disease was found in most patients by repeated liver biopsy and particularly ERC. It is concluded that sclerosing cholangitis may remain asymptomatic for several years. Since progressive cholangiographic changes were often seen without concomitant worsening of symptoms, laboratory data, and liver biopsy findings, it is concluded that these criteria are of limited use in evaluating the progression of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical characterization of hepatic tissue lymphocyte subpopulations in liver disease.

Liver biopsies from 27 patients were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase technique for relative distribution of B cells and T-cell subpopulations. T-cell subsets were defined for OKT4(+) (helper/inducer) and OKT8(+) (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells by using mouse hybridoma monoclonal antibodies. Patients with chronic active hepatitis and those with primary biliary cirrhosis showed marked relative increments in suppressor/cytotoxic OKT8(+) lymphocytes within hepatic lymphocytic infiltrates. Other patients with acute hepatitis or those with only reactive changes also showed a relative increment in OKT8(+) T lymphocytes within hepatic biopsy material. These findings suggest that tissue lymphocytic subpopulation increments in suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell subpopulations are commonly associated with hepatic lymphocytic infiltrates and may be related to disorders of immune regulation or expression in some of these disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Diagnostic and prognostic value of laboratory tests assessed in a follow-up study of 200 patients with liver disease.

Two hundred patients with liver disease were re-studied after six to eight years. The initial routine diagnosis (mainly based on morphological criteria) was confirmed in almost 80% of cases of chronic liver disease. In chronic active hepatitis, agreement was found in 86%. An alternative classification based on cluster analysis of clinical chemical results from the first admission was also to a great extent confirmed by the follow-up study. Discriminant analysis of clinical chemical data correctly allocated 94% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (who had low haptoglobin and albumin) into groups with different prognosis. Clinical chemical results differed between verified and non-verified cases of primary biliary cirrhosis. By retrospective examination , we found that 15 of 16 patients with this disease or chronic active hepatitis who were initially misclassified by biopsy findings could be correctly diagnosed by discriminant analysis of clinical chemical results.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Partial purification of the epidermal G2 chalone based on an in vivo assay system.

The epidermal G2 chalone was partially purified from hairless mouse skin extracts by means of chromatography and ultrafiltration and tested in vivo on hairless mouse epidermis. The active component had a molecular weight of less than 10,000 daltons. It significantly but had no effect on epidermal cells at the G1/S transition. Extracts from mouse spleen or skeletal muscle treated in the same way as the skin extracts had no inhibitory effect on epidermal G2 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Epidermis extracts (chalone) inhibit cell flux at the the G1-S, S-G2 and G2-M transitions in mouse epidermis.

Epidermal cell flux at the G1-S, S-G2 and G2-M transition was examined during the first 4 hr after injection of epidermis extract. The flux parameters were estimated by a combination of several methods. The G1-S and S-G2 transit rates were calculated on the basis of a double labelling technique with [3H]TdR, the G2-M flux by means of colcemid and the relative proportion of cells in the S or G2 phase by means of flow cytometry. All experiments were performed both in early morning and late evening, corresponding to maximum and minimum rates of epidermal cell proliferation in the hairless mouse. The epidermis extract inhibited the S-G2 and G2-M transit rates to the same degree, while the inhibition of cell flux at the G1-S transit was consistently stronger. In general, the inhibition of cell flux at the different transitions was most pronounced when the rate of cell proliferation was low and vice versa.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cholangiographic findings in ulcerative colitis.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was performed in 28 patients with hepatobiliary disease associated with ulcerative colitis. The films were reviewed and correlated with diagnoses at liver biopsy. Thirteen patients with extrahepatic as well as intrahepatic bile duct abnormalities had characteristic cholangiographic findings compatible with sclerosing cholangitis, together with cholangiocarcinoma in one patient. Six patients had intrahepatic bile duct involvement only, and the cholangiographic abnormalities differed from those of sclerosing cholangitis. In 5 of these patients cirrhosis of the liver was found at biopsy or clinically. The result indicates that in patients with hepatobiliary disease suggested in association with ulcerative colitis, ERC gives valuable information.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of two-stage epidermal carcinogenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in newborn and adult SENCAR and BALB/c mice.

In order to define factors which determine susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis, mice sensitive (SENCAR) and resistant (BALB/c) to epidermal carcinogenesis were studied under several treatment conditions for sensitivity to initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. In newborns of both strains, topical application of initiator was much less effective than in adults. However, initiation by i.p. injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene is at least as effective in newborns as in adults, which may indicate that topically applied carcinogen is not delivered effectively to target cells in newborns. Thus, newborn epidermis can respond to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene as well as adult epidermis when the initiator is appropriately administered. SENCAR mice are much more sensitive than are BALB/c mice to both initiators, which suggests that enhanced metabolic activation of hydrocarbon carcinogens by SENCAR mice is unlikely to account for their sensitivity. Newborn male SENCAR's developed approximately 50% more papillomas than did females in all groups. BALB/c newborn mice developed so few tumors that a meaningful comparison of sensitivity of males and females could not be made. Thus, the increased sensitivity of SENCAR's was apparent regardless of route of administration of initiator or the age or sex of the mice. SENCAR mice also developed a significant number of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion in the absence of an exogenous initiator. Therefore, the skin of SENCAR mice may contain an initiated population of cells capable of responding to tumor promoters.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1980

Sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis.

In a 5-year period 48 (14%) of 336 patients with ulcerative colitis were found to have hepatobiliary disease. The bile ducts were examined in 35 of these patients, and optimal visualization of both intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts was obtained in 26. Duct changes compatible with sclerosing cholangitis were found in 14 patients. This finding of sclerosing cholangitis in 4% of all patients admitted with ulcerative colitis by far exceeds previous estimations on the incidence of sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis. The entire colon was usually affected, and the symptoms of the bowel disease were most often mild or moderate. The age at the onset of the colitis was usually below 20 years in patients with combined ulcerative colitis and hepatobiliary disease. In most patients the hepatobiliary disease gave no symptoms. Biochemical data and the histological findings in the liver biopsies did not distinguish between patients with hepatobiliary disease with and without sclerosing cholangitis. Our follow-up study has so far shown that most patients with sclerosing cholangitis remain asymptomatic for a considerable period of time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Circadian rhythms in mouse epidermal basal cell proliferation. Variations in compartment size, flux and phase duration.

Several kinetic parameters of basal cell proliferation in hairless mouse epidermis were studied, and all parameters clearly showed circadian fluctuations during two successive 24 hr periods. Mitotic indices and the mitotic rate were studied in histological sections; the proportions of cells with S and G2 phase DNA content were measured by flow cytometry of isolated basal cells, and the [3H]TdR labelling indices and grain densities were determined by autoradiography in smears from basal cell suspensions. The influx and efflux of cells from each cell cycle phase were calculated from sinusoidal curves adapted to the cell kinetic findings and the phase durations were determined. A peak of cells in S phase was observed around midnight, and a cohort of partially synchronized cells passed from the S phase to the G2 phase and traversed the G2 phase and mitosis in the early morning. The fluctuations in the influx of cells into the S phase were small compared with the variations in efflux from the S phase and the flux through the subsequent cell cycle phases. The resulting delay in cell cycle traverse through S phase before midnight could well account for the accumulation of cells in S phase and, therefore, also the subsequent partial synchrony of cell cycle traverse through the G2 phase and mitosis. Circadian variations in the duration of the S phase, the G2 phase and mitosis were clearly demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Liver copper content in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and associated liver disorders.

In 45 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (9 with Crohn's disease and 36 with ulcerative colitis) and associated liver disorders, increased liver copper content (above 100 microgram/g dry weight) was found in 14 (31%). These patients represented about 50% of the patients with either biliary cirrhosis or pericholangitis. Four of the patients had levels regarded as compatible with hepatolenticular degeneration (greater than 250 microgram/g dry weight). In patients with chronic active hepatitis or non-specific changes in liver tissue, normal levels were found. The patients with Crohn's disease also had normal levels. Plasma ceruloplasmin was normal or increased in all. Determination of urinary copper output gave little diagnostic information. Alkaline phosphatases were markedly increased in most of the patients with increased liver copper concentration. In patients with ulcerative colitis and enhanced alkaline phosphatases, elevated liver copper content should be suspected and chelation therapy should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Growth regulation in X-irradiated mouse skin; the possible role of chalones.

Extracts of hairless mouse skin were tested for their content of epidermal G1 inhibitor and G2 inhibitor at daily intervals after X-irradiation with 4 500 or 2 250 rad. After either dose the skin extracts lacked G1 inhibitory activity on days 5 and 6 respectively after irradiation. This coincided with the time when the epidermal mitotic rate again became normal and started a period of over-shoot. The time interval of 5-6 days corresponds to the turnover time of the differentiating cells in hairless mouse back epidermis. The findings indicate that the proliferating cells in epidermis can respond to changes in local chalone concentration, even after X-irradiation at the tested doses, and that the irradiated epidermal cell population still retains some important properties inherent in a cybernetically regulated system. The local G2-inhibitory activity also varied after irradiation, but these variations could not be directly related to the corresponding mitotic rates.

Animals↗