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Biomedical subjects

K Eguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Eguchi.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The value of two-dimensional echocardiography in detecting malignant tumors in the heart.

Six unusual cases of tumor involvement of the heart and pericardium, diagnosed antemortem by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), are described. The tumors consisted one each of sacral chordoma, mediastinal seminoma, leiomyosarcoma of the uterus, osteosarcoma, invasive thymoma, and lung cancer. The current study again recognizes the concept that any type of malignant tumor has a possibility of involving the heart. If cardiac involvement is suspected, 2DE examination should be performed in patients with any kind of malignant tumor. The information obtained not only provides guidance for therapeutic maneuvers, but also is beneficial for follow-up observation of the patients and assessment of the therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Serial plasma carcinoembryonic antigen measurement for monitoring patients with advanced lung cancer during chemotherapy.

The plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in 243 patients with untreated advanced lung cancer were studied to assess their value for prognosis and for indicating the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Of patients with adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, 43%, 24%, 7%, and 13%, respectively, had elevated CEA levels of 20 ng/ml or greater before treatment. Pretreatment CEA levels were elevated to above 20 ng/ml for 38% of 163 patients with extensive disease and for 22% of 80 patients with limited disease (P less than 0.02). In patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung, the pretreatment CEA levels were not correlated with response to chemotherapy and patients' survival. Serial measurement of plasma CEA was a useful noninvasive technique for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in patients whose pretreatment levels were 20 ng/ml or higher. All of 18 patients with complete or partial responses and 5 of 6 patients with minor responses showed greater than 36% decrease in the CEA level compared with the pretreatment level. In all of nine patients with progressive disease, the CEA levels increased after chemotherapy. Therefore, an increase of greater than 36% beyond the baseline level was a useful guideline criterion for a significant change for determination of tumor response to chemotherapy, although 41% of 22 patients with stable disease exceeded the pretreatment level by 36% or more in either direction (mean percent change +/- standard deviation, -4.1% +/- 52.2%), and 4 of 9 patients with progressive disease did not have levels greater than 36% above the baseline levels.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Rhythmic change of myocardial phosphate metabolite content in cardiac cycle observed by depth-selected and EKG-gated in vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy in a whole animal.

The newly developed pulse width modulation method for the depth-selected in vivo NMR under high magnetic field (6.4 Tesla), sectional magnetic resonance (SMR), enabled us to selectively obtain and follow time sequence of P metabolism of rat heart in a whole body. An EKG-gated 31P-SMR spectroscopy at every 30 m sec, after the R wave, with calibrating the resonance intensity by an external standard, demonstrated a synchronous oscillation of both contents of creatine phosphate (CP) and beta-ATP: minimal at the early 2/3 of the systole as was identified by the aortic pressure measurement and maximal at the last 1/3 of the diastole, while inorganic phosphate content varied antiphasically to CP or ATP without obvious change of intracellular pH in cardiac cycle. This is the first report that described an in vivo detection of cyclic change of phosphate metabolites in the heart.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

A case of small cell lung cancer successfully treated with VM26.

A 79-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a close examination of an abnormal shadow on a routine chest roentgenogram. A large tumorous shadow in the right S1 segment, and hilar and mediastinal node swelling were observed. Transbronchial biopsy revealed that the histologic type of the tumor was oat cell carcinoma. The clinical stage was considered to be limited disease. Because of his age, 79 years, he was treated with VM26 as a single agent. VM26 was administered by intravenous drip infusion of 60 mg/m2 daily for five consecutive days every three to four weeks. After the third course of treatment with VM26, he achieved partial response, and then radiation therapy to the primary site and the hilar and mediastinal nodes was given at a total dose of 6,000 rad. There have been few phase II studies of VM26 in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Further phase II studies should be conducted for confirmation of the reproducibility of the phase II study of VM26 in SCLC, and the efficacy of combination chemotherapy including VM26 against SCLC should also be tested.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of UFT in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

A phase II study of UFT (a mixture of uracil and tegafur; molar ratio of uracil to tegafur = 4) was undertaken in 21 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). UFT was administered orally at a dose of 400 mg/m2 every day, for more than four weeks. Of 16 adequately treated patients, one (6.3%) showed a partial response. Toxic effects included minimal myelosuppression, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and epigastralgia. Gastrointestinal toxicity was well tolerated. Considering the poor response and mild toxicity, a further phase II study of higher-dose UFT is necessary for patients without prior therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of mitoxantrone in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

A phase II study of mitoxantrone was performed in 24 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mitoxantrone was administered by intravenous drip infusion of 12 mg/m2 every three weeks. There were no responders among the 21 evaluable patients including five patients without prior therapy. The major hematological toxic effect was leukocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia and decrease in hemoglobin were slight. A change in the electrocardiogram was observed in one patient and one patient experienced cardiogenic shock. Mitoxantrone is not acceptable for the treatment of NSCLC because of its low antitumor activity, and careful observation is needed for administration of this agent to patients with pre-existing risk factors, such as prior anthracycline exposure, mediastinal radiation or underlying cardiovascular disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The protective effect of 2-mercapto-ethane sulfonate (MESNA) on hemorrhagic cystitis induced by high-dose ifosfamide treatment tested by a randomized crossover trial.

High-dose ifosfamide (one or two courses of 6 g/m2) with or without mesna was administered to 13 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The protective effect of 2-mercapto-ethane sulfonate (mesna) against the urotoxic side effects induced by ifosfamide was examined by a randomized crossover trial. A significant reduction in the incidence of hematuria was observed in the patients receiving mesna. Macroscopic hematuria was observed in only one patient who received treatment with mesna versus seven patients treated with ifosfamide alone. Other symptoms, such as frequency and dysuria, tended to be diminished in the patients receiving mesna, although the difference was not statistically significant. Our results suggest that mesna is effective in preventing or diminishing ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Concomitant use of mesna should allow the administration of a high dose of ifosfamide although more extensive studies are needed to define the optimal dose and schedule of administration of mesna to prevent or attenuate the hemorrhagic cystitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case report of a three-year survivor with advanced non-small cell lung cancer producing alpha-fetoprotein.

An 80-year-old patient with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the left lung with metastasis to both lungs and supraclavicular lymph nodes, stage III M1 (T2N2M1), was treated with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, CDDP) at a dose of 80 mg/m2 intravenously. He achieved a partial response, however, he could not continue therapy with CDDP because of its renal toxicity. He was then given etoposide and vindesine as a single chemotherapeutic agent, but no response was observed. Therefore, CDDP was administered again in a fractionated regimen, the first course of treatment achieved a minor response, but the second course resulted in stable disease. He therefore received combination chemotherapy consisting of mitomycin, vindesine and CDDP, and tumor regression of more than 30% was observed after one course of this combination chemotherapy. After three years from the initiation of chemotherapy, he had no symptoms except for hoarseness, and has been followed up on an ambulatory basis. In addition, the tumor was producing alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which was shown by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal antibody against AFP. The changes in serum AFP level correlated well with the disease status.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression and cellular interactions in thyroid glands of Graves' disease.

Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens have been demonstrated on the surface of thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) from patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. The present study was designed to investigate how the expression of class II MHC antigens is involved in autoimmune processes in Graves' disease by studying cellular interactions among thyrocytes, lymphocytes within thyroid glands (TG), and peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes. Thyrocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion, and T or non-T cells were separated by E-rosette formation. Thyrocytes were cocultured in the presence or absence of interferon-gamma, and the expression of HLA-DR antigens on cultured thyrocytes was examined by an indirect immunofluorescence method using monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody and monoclonal anti-HLA-DQ antibody. The cellular interactions were assessed as the proliferative response of T cells to autologous stimulators, such as thyrocytes or lymphocytes. Expression of HLA-DR antigens on thyrocytes after culture for 18 h in the absence of interferon-gamma was found in two thirds of the patients with Graves' disease studied (n = 18). Interferon-gamma induced and maintained the expression of HLA-DR antigens on thyrocytes. The percentages of HLA-DR+T cells were significantly higher among TG-T cells than among PB-T cells [32.6 +/- 12.4% (+/- SD) vs. 12.2 +/-5.0%; n = 18; P less than 0.01]. Thyrocytes from Graves' patients induced proliferation of both autologous PB-T cells and TG-T cells, and TG-T cells stimulated proliferation of autologous PB-T cells. In conclusion, interferon-gamma induces HLA-DR antigen expression on thyrocytes from patients with Graves' disease, and these cells induce proliferation of autologous T cells, which may, in turn, act on thyrocytes to perpetuate the process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Serum from patients with autoimmune diseases induces in vitro production of disease-associated antibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal subjects.

Antibodies present in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune thyroid diseases, and myasthenia gravis are preferentially cytotoxic to suppressor T lymphocytes from normal subjects induced by Concanavalin A. The aim of this study was to determine whether the lymphocytotoxic antibodies found in patients with these diseases also react with regulatory T cells to facilitate production of the autoantibodies responsible for each disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal subjects were treated with serum from patients and complement. After washing, residual viable cells were cultured with pokeweed mitogen for 7 days. Immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor and antihuman thyroglobulin antibody (anti-hTgAb) in the culture supernatants were measured by RIA. Anti-hTgAb was produced in culture supernatants of PBMC treated with serum samples from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, whereas serum samples from patients with RA, myasthemia gravis, or normal subjects did not stimulate production of detectable anti-hTgAb. In contrast, Immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor was produced by normal PBMC treated only with serum from patients with RA. When normal T cells treated with serum were cultured with autologous untreated non-T cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen, autoantibodies also were produced. Furthermore, the production of anti-hTgAb was suppressed by adding untreated T cells to the mixture of treated T cells and untreated non-T cells. These results suggest that lymphocytotoxic antibodies found in patients with autoimmune disorders may cause disease-associated suppressor T cell dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

In vitro chemosensitivity patterns of carcinoma of the lung in human tumor clonogenic assay.

One hundred and sixty-eight different specimens of human carcinoma of the lung were tested for in vitro drug sensitivity using the human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) originally described by Hamburger and Salmon. One hundred and twenty-two (73%) specimens grew adequately for chemosensitivity testing. Most tumors were resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs, but in vitro sensitivity, regardless of the type of drugs, varied markedly from specimen to specimen. Although response rates to individual drugs ranged between 9% and 23%, half the specimens tested were sensitive in vitro to at least one drug. A higher in vitro sensitivity rate was observed in small cell lung carcinoma (31%) than in non-small cell lung carcinoma (17%). The frequency of in vitro sensitivity was greater for patients who had received no prior chemotherapy than those who were in relapse. These in vitro results are similar to current clinical experience. There was a significant association between in vitro sensitivity of cells from a primary tumor as compared to its metastases. Overall HTCA appears to be useful in selecting appropriate chemotherapy for individual patients with carcinoma of the lung.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

Circus movement tachycardia induced by a single premature stimulus on the ventricular sheet--evaluation of the leading circle hypothesis in the canine ventricular muscle.

Mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia induced by local application of a properly timed premature stimulus were studied with routine microelectrode technique and extracellular recordings on a ventricular sheet. Thinly sliced preparations obtained from subepicardial muscle of the canine ventricle were used as an approximation of a two-dimensional model. On these preparations, spontaneously sustained tachycardia easily induced by a single premature stimulus. Since delayed after-depolarizations were never evoked by frequent stimulations even in the K+-free and high-Ca++ media, these tachycardias seemed to be induced by re-entrant and circus movement mechanisms. To analyse the re-entrant mechanisms, action potentials generated by normal driving stimuli were recorded from multiple points (40 approximately 50 points) and the spreads of the depolarization and repolarization phases of the action potentials were mapped. The depolarizing wave front on the map always showed a circular or elliptical pattern. Whenever the pattern of spread of the repolarizing wave was similar to that of the depolarizing wave, sustained tachycardia was never brought about by any premature stimulus. On the other hand, when the map of the spread of the repolarizing wave was very complicated and mixed with that of the depolarizing wave, sustained tachycardia was frequently induced. From the above results, it is suggested that the nonuniform recovery of excitability plays a role in the generation of sustained tachycardia. Moreover, a portion of the unidirectional block of the premature impulse was determined by calculated using the conduction velocity of the premature impulse and the effective refractory period in each cell; then a route of re-entry for the premature impulse was simulated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Cisplatin and vindesine combination chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial comparing two dosages of cisplatin.

Forty-five patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive vindesine (3 mg/m2 every week) plus either high-dose cisplatin (120 mg/m2 every 4 weeks) or low-dose cisplatin (80 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). All patients were previously untreated. The response rate for the high-dose regimen of cisplatin was 39% (9/23) and that for the low-dose regimen of cisplatin was 33% (7/21); the difference was not statistically significant. Only one patient treated with high-dose cisplatin achieved complete response, lasting 6.5 months. The median duration of response was 5.6 months (range, 2.7-7.7) in the high-dose cisplatin group and 6.8 months (range, 1.9-8.9) in the low-dose cisplatin group. The median survival times for the 23 patients treated with the high-dose regimen of cisplatin and for the 21 patients treated with the low-dose regimen of cisplatin were 9.0 and 10.8 months, respectively. Significantly more azotemia occurred in the high-dose cisplatin group than in the low-dose cisplatin group (P less than 0.05). Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and vindesine showed significant antitumor activity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. However, the high-dose regimen of cisplatin did not result in a significantly better response rate or survival advantage, and was associated with greater toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case report of synchronous small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer successfully treated with carboplatin.

A 53-year-old man complained of anorexia and abdominal distention of one month's duration. The chest X-ray demonstrated a mass in the left lung with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy and a lytic lesion in the right fourth rib. A transbronchoscopic biopsy of the mass revealed oat cell carcinoma (WHO classification). The endoscopic evaluation also revealed a gastric lesion (IIc type). Biopsy of this lesion indicated signet ring cell gastric cancer. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated multiple liver metastases. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed as having synchronous lung and gastric primaries, with liver and bone metastasis from lung cancer. Carboplatin (CBDCA) was administered by intravenous drip infusion of 450 mg/m2. After a second treatment with CBDCA about 3 weeks later, the patient achieved a partial response at the primary site of lung cancer as well as at the liver and bone metastases. In addition, repeat endoscopy of the stomach demonstrated a complete regression. A biopsy specimen taken by gastroscopy was negative for cancer cells. Subsequent chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer was administered with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and vincristine, and to date there is no evidence of recurrence. Further studies on CBDCA treatment of small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer are needed to establish the efficacy of this drug against these two histologically different cancers.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗