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Biomedical subjects

K Eguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Eguchi.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Different B-cell responses to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) envelope synthetic peptides in HTLV-I-infected individuals.

HTLV-I (human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I) is the retrovirus related to two distinct diseases, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). We analyzed the difference in antibody activities against the viral protein and the difference in specificities of anti-HTLV-I envelope antibodies among HTLV-I-infected individuals from the same HTLV-I-endemic area using a HTLV-I-gag-env hybrid protein and HTLV-I-env-encoded synthetic peptides as antigens, respectively. The difference in the responses of IgG anti-HTLV-I envelope antibody production among HTLV-I-infected individuals was qualitative as well as quantitative. Sera from patients with HAM showed significantly higher activities of antibodies against HTLV-I-gag-env hybrid protein than sera from other HTLV-I-infected individuals including ATLL patients. The specificities of IgG anti-HTLV-I-envelope antibodies, tested on seven synthetic envelope peptides, were directed mainly against four sites, V1E7 (residues 97-111), V1E8 (191-209), and V1E9 (268-286) on gp46 and V1E1 (342-363) on gp21. Three of these sites were shown to be immunodominant T-cell sites in mice in our previous study. Whereas patients in all categories made antibodies specific for V1E1 and V1E8, only HAM patients made antibodies to the V1E7 and V1E9 epitopes, suggesting a qualitative difference in response. Whether this difference is of pathogenetic significance is not clear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Synergistic effects of phorbol ester and interferon-alpha: target cell class I HLA antigen expression and resistance to natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated cytolysis.

This study was undertaken to investigate whether target cell class I HLA antigen expression induced by phorbol ester and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) was associated with resistance to natural killer (NK) cells and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Class I antigen expression on the surface of the K562 erythroleukemia cell line was enhanced by either IFN-alpha or phorbol ester (PDBu). Addition of PDBu together with IFN-alpha had a synergistic effect on class I antigen expression on the cells. Furthermore, synergism between IFN-alpha and PDBu was also found in class I antigen expression by MOLT-3 cells. This synergistic effect on class I antigen expression was blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide). Pretreatment of K562 cells with PDBu and IFN-alpha made them more resistant to lysis by NK and LAK cells than did either PDBu or IFN-alpha. In contrast to PDBu, 4 alpha PDD, a biologically inactive phorbol analogue, alone or combination with IFN-alpha, had no effect on class I antigen expression and susceptibility to lysis by NK and LAK cells. Kinetic experiments showed an inverse relationship between the expression of class I antigens and susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cytolysis. Using cold target competition analysis, target cells pretreated with PDBu and IFN-alpha clearly competed less effectively than did untreated cells for lysis of untreated target cells. These results demonstrate that target cells pretreated with PDBu and IFN-alpha decrease their sensitivity to natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells inversely with target cell class I HLA antigen expression.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1991

A randomised clinical trial of vindesine plus cisplatin versus mitomycin plus vindesine and cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

This trial was carried out to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of the addition of mitomycin to vindesine plus cisplatin (80 mg/m2) in 126 previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. 124 patients were evaluable for toxicity and survival and 122 for response. No patient achieved complete response. The partial response rate (PR) in the vindesine plus cisplatin (VP) and mitomycin plus vindesine and cisplatin (MVP) groups were 23% (14/62) vs. 35% (21/60) (P = 0.13) with a median duration of response of 23 vs. 37 weeks (P = 0.071), respectively. Time to progression (TTP) and survival time (ST) were similar for both treatment arms [median TTP; 14 vs. 21 weeks (P = 0.10), median ST; 9.1 vs. 10.5 months (P = 0.94), respectively]. No difference in the frequency of side-effects was observed except that WHO grade 3 and 4 leukopenia was higher in the MVP group. In multivariate analysis, the significant predictors of survival were serum albumin, sex, performance status, lactate dehydrogenase and stage. In conclusion, the addition of mitomycin to the VP regimen appears to have limited value in advanced NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Late toxicities and complications in three-year survivors of small cell lung cancer.

123 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) presented to the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo) between 1978 and 1986. 22 of 71 patients with limited stage disease (LD) and none of 52 patients with extensive disease (ED) survived for 3 years. 15 of the 22 three year survivors had significant late complications. All patients received chemotherapy and either thoracic irradiation, resection or both. No prophylactic cranial irradiation was given. 4 patients developed cardiac failure, 2 with a dilated cardiomyopathy, despite the fact that no patient received over 420 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. 12 patients of the 17 who received thoracic irradiation developed radiation pneumonitis and 3 required hospitalisation for severe haemoptysis (2) or cavity formation (1). 1 patient who received nimustine developed a fatal myelodysplastic syndrome and 2 additional patients developed second primary tumours in the oesophagus (1) and stomach (1). Mild peripheral neuropathy (WHO grade 1) was persistent in 3 patients and asymptomatic azotemia (WHO grade 1) in 7. Despite advances in the treatment of SCLC there are very few asymptomatic long-term survivors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Significance of levels of circulating IgA-class immune complex in discriminant analysis of patients with IgA nephropathy before renal biopsy.

Discriminant analysis of clinical markers including circulating IgA-class immune complex (IgA-CIC) before renal biopsy in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Fifty-six patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA nephropathy group) and 54 patients with other primary chronic glomerulonephritis (non-IgA nephropathy group) were examined. Discriminant analysis was applied to separate these two groups by using 21 clinical markers including levels of IgA-CIC. The levels of IgA-CIC in sera were measured by a solid-phase anti-C3 Facb enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Among these clinical markers, the levels of serum IgA, IgA-CIC and creatinine, and the degree of microhematuria in the IgA nephropathy group were significantly higher than those in the non-IgA nephropathy group. Contributions of IgA and IgA-CIC to the classification were very high and both had almost the same effect. The correct classification rate was 80.00% using five clinical markers: serum IgA, microhematuria, IgA-CIC, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. It was shown that the levels of serum IgA and IgA-CIC were major markers for the clinical diagnosis of patients with IgA nephropathy. It was concluded that discriminant analysis before renal biopsy was useful for the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Homozygous C3 deficiency associated with IgA nephropathy.

A 23-year-old male patient with homozygous C3 deficiency who developed asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria was reported. Renal biopsy disclosed typical IgA nephropathy with deposition of early- and late-complement components except for C3 deposition. C9 and membrane attack complex were detected in the glomeruli despite the absence of C3. It was suggested that there might be some unknown complement activation mechanism which does not require C3 component.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Endothelial cells stimulate proliferation of human thyroid epithelial cells.

The present study was undertaken to investigate cellular interactions between human thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) and endothelial cells. Normal thyrocytes were cultured with either mitomycin C-treated endothelial cells or mitomycin C-treated human foreskin fibroblasts. The proliferative responses of thyrocytes were markedly stimulated by endothelial cells, but not by skin fibroblasts. The proliferative response of the thyrocytes obtained from patients with Graves' disease were similar to that of normal thyrocytes. Furthermore, the cell number of thyrocytes in endothelial cell-thyrocyte co-culture was markedly increased as compared with that in thyrocytes alone. The culture medium of endothelial cells only partly had any effect in the endothelial cell-thyrocyte co-culture experiment. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not increase the endothelial cells-induced thyrocyte proliferation. Furthermore, the increased proliferative response of thyrocytes stimulated by endothelial cells was not suppressed by heparin. These results suggest that endothelial cells increase thyrocyte proliferation, and that cell contact or extracellular matrix production by endothelial cells may play an important role in the proliferation of thyrocytes.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1991

CD4+CD45RA+ cells (suppressor-inducer T cells) in thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease.

Previously, we used dual immunofluorescent analysis and showed that the thyroid gland from patients with Graves' disease had a reduced number of CD4+CD45RA+ cells, but an increased number of complementary CD4+CDw29+ cells. An immunohistochemical study, however, produced opposite results; interstitial lymphocytes predominantly expressed the CD45RA+ rather than the CDw29+ phenotype. Because the difference in findings may be due to differences in the techniques used, we did the following experiments: Mononuclear cells were treated with various amounts of collagenase (50-1000 mg/l) which had no effect on the cell surface antigens CD3, CD4 and CD45RA. A dual immunofluorescent study showed that the numbers of CD4+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD45RA+ cell population among CD45RA+ cell population were markedly decreased in the thyroid tissue, and that the CD45RA antigen on the intrathyroidal mononuclear cells was mainly expressed on the CD20+ cells. As the thyroid section had been fixed with acetone before immunohistochemical staining, CD45RA- cells were treated with acetone and stained with anti-CD45RA monoclonal antibody using an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. The results of this experiment suggest that there are cell surface molecules which react with anti-CD45RA monoclonal antibody after treatment with acetone in CD45RA- cells. The above findings confirm our previous results which showed that the thyroid glands of patients with Graves' disease have decreased numbers of suppressor-inducer T cells. Also, several problems exist in the detection of CD45RA+ cells when using an immunohistochemical method.

Acetone↗
PubMed1991

Tryptophan and its metabolite concentrations in human plasma and breast milk during the perinatal period.

Concentrations of tryptophan (free and protein bound) and its metabolites in plasma of maternal vein at delivery, umbilical vein, umbilical artery, neonatal vein and breast milk were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The plasma levels of tryptophan and most of its metabolites in umbilical vein and artery were significantly higher than those in maternal vein. The concentration of total tryptophan in plasma of neonatal vein showed marked decrease at 24 h after birth in comparison with that at birth, but the total kynurenine concentration was not decreased in plasma of neonatal vein. The colostrum contained a high level of total tryptophan. There were high ratios of free to total tryptophan in colostrum, transitional and mature milk. In the blood, ratios of free to total of tryptophan and kynurenine were kept at constant level throughout the perinatal period.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Localization and developmental change of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in the human placenta.

Previously, we pointed out the importance of the kynurenine metabolism in fetuses and neonates. We examined localization and developmental change of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human placenta. The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was found localized in syncytiotrophoblast in the placenta. The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity was not detected in placenta in the early stage of gestation. It was first detected at around 14 weeks of gestation, increased rapidly thereafter and was maintained at high levels till near term. The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity was significantly lower in placenta with retarded intrauterine development. These results suggest the importance of placental indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase during fetal development.

Female↗
PubMed1991

A retrospective analysis of patients receiving surgery after chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer.

From 1984 to 1989, 20 of 142 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung received surgery after intensive chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy combined with thoracic irradiation. All patients giving informed consent and having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 were included in the present retrospective study. Ages ranged from 37-74 (median 58) years. All patients received 1-10 cycles of chemotherapy intravenously every three or four weeks (PVP: 80 mg cisplatin/m2, 100 mg etoposide/m2 x 3; CAV: 800 mg cyclophosphamide/m2, 50 mg doxorubicin/m2, 1.4 mg vincristine/m2, and other combinations) and were evaluated for surgery 1-27 months after the initial systemic chemotherapy. Clinically, two, three, eleven and for patients were diagnosed as having stages I, II, III and IV disease, respectively at the beginning of treatment. At the time of reevaluation after chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus chest radiotherapy there were one (5%) complete responder, 17 (85%) partial responders, and two (10%) with stable disease. Twenty patients underwent thoracotomy consisting of nine lobectomies and 11 pneumonectomies. Eighteen of the 20 had resectable lesions. According to postoperative pathological findings, there were six, one, seven and two patients with stages I, II, III and IV disease, respectively. In two patients no tumor was demonstrated pathologically. Small cell carcinoma was detected in 15 specimens and three had non-small cell carcinoma. Two of the 20 patients survived for more than five years. The median survival of the 20 patients was 22 months. It would appear that resection is applicable in only a selected subset of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of three-year survivors among patients with advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.

Among 238 patients with advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we evaluated the characteristics of three-year survivors and analyzed them to determine whether or not there were any specific pretreatment prognostic factors which could make it possible to discriminate this group the rest. All patients received chemotherapy according to the protocol for phase II or III trials at the National Cancer Center, Japan, between 1980 and 1987. Eighteen (8%) patients survived for over three years. Five of the 18 responded to initial therapy, seven received thoracic irradiation and five surgical resection after chemotherapy. No patient achieved a complete response by chemotherapy. Among five disease-free survivors, two received surgery after completion of chemotherapy. Their clinical stage was IIIA. Three patients received radiation therapy, but they could not be evaluated. Although some radiologically detectable shadows remained, these patients survived for more than three years with no active lesion, indicating the difficulty in diagnosing a complete response to treatment. Thirteen patients survived for more than three years with disease. Some unknown biological factors might influence survival in this group. Pulmonary fibrosis, as treatment toxicity, was observed in six of the 18. The pretreatment prognostic factors that discriminated three-year survivors from the rest were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) (P = 0.0015), clinical T factor (P = 0.0093), and serum LDH (P = 0.0317) by means of univariate analysis, and PS (P = 0.0134) and clinical T factor (P = 0.0117) by means of multivariate analysis with a logistic regression procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Detection of Leu-19 (CD56) antigen on human thyroid epithelial cells by an immunohistochemical method.

The Leu-19 (CD56) antigen, which is recognized by anti-Leu-19 and NKH-1 monoclonal antibody, is a 200,000-220,000 molecular weight (MW) glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on human natural killer (NK) cells that mediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxicity. However, cross-reactivity of this antibody has been observed in lung cancer, and in muscle and neural tissues. In the present study, we used the immunoperoxidase technique to examine the expression of Leu-19 antigen in human thyroid epithelial cells. In normal thyroid tissues (n = 4), thyroid tissues from Graves' patients (n = 7) and benign thyroid tumours (n = 7), thyroid epithelial cells expressed Leu-19 antigen in all cases. In thyroid papillary carcinoma (n = 6) there was no expression in four cases. This staining pattern of anti-Leu-19 antibody is similar to that of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody. These findings implicate that the expression of Leu-19 antigen is closely related to the differentiation of thyroid epithelial cells.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

The frequency and management of infectious episodes and sepsis in small cell lung cancer patients receiving intensive chemotherapy with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.

The relation between degree of myelosuppression and episodes of infection was analyzed in 36 patients (92 treatment courses) with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated with intensive chemotherapy. The two regimens used were cisplatin (CDDP) + adriamycin (ADR) + cyclophosphamide (CPA) + etoposide (VP-16) + granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and CDDP + teniposide (VM-26) + G-CSF, and they induced grade 3 or 4 leukopenia in 88% of treatment courses and febrile episodes in 60%. In the febrile courses, the mean nadirs of leukocyte and neutrophils (820 +/- 581/mm3, 101 +/- 267/mm3) were significantly longer (P less than 0.01) and the mean durations of grade 3 and 4 leukopenia and neutropenia significantly longer (P less than 0.001) than those of the non-febrile courses. It was noted, however, that febrile episodes appeared frequently in courses having the nadir of leukocytes below 1,000/mm3 (80%) or the nadir of neutrophils below 100/mm3 (74%). The administration of antibiotics was required for about 7 days to patients with febrile episodes. Sepsis was experienced in five courses, in which the neutrophils were all zero. All the patients, however, could be managed by an administration of antibiotics immediately after a febrile episode appeared, without delaying the subsequent chemotherapy except for one patient, who had had a performance status (PS) of 3 prior to chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A study of falls experienced by the aged among users of preventive health examination services].

In order to determine what factors are related to falls and the effect on the aged, a study was conducted on subjects aged 60 years and over who had undergone preventive health examinations in the western region of Shizuoka Prefecture. Subjects (n = 305) had an average age of 64.4 +/- 3.8 years, and all were interviewed regardless of their history of falls. For the 66 cases who had experienced falls, further questions prepared in advance, were included. The following results were obtained: 1) There were 66 subjects (21.6% of the subjects) who had experienced falls with some experienced multiple falls for a total count of 91 falls. 2) The frequency of falls of female subjects was significantly higher than that of males. Further, with respect to the type of injuries suffered, in the case of many of the female subjects, these took the form of contusions. 3) The majority of subjects who experienced falls were engaged in farming and most of the falls were work-related. 4) Results of this study showed that, while not statistically significant, cerebrovascular diseases are closely connected to falls and increases the falls coefficient among the aged.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1991

[A case of aortitis syndrome complicated with amyloidosis, type AA].

We recently saw a patient who had aortitis syndrome associated with secondary amyloidosis. To our knowledge, she is the fourth report of this complication occurring in aortitis syndrome. In November 1985, the patient, a 18 year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital because of a high fever, back pain, abdominal pain and general fatigue. On physical examination, bruit was audible on the abdomen, bilateral radial artery was weakly palpable. Angiography showed the stenosis of bilateral carotid artery, subclavian artery, renal artery and superior mesenteric artery. From the above findings, she was diagnosed aortitis syndrome, and treatment was begun with prednisolone. However, she developed recurrently a high fever, chest pain, abdominal pain and exertional dyspnea. Laboratory findings at the active stage revealed the marked elevation of leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. On her clinical course, the number of circulating thrombocytes was paralleled with the activity of the disease. On June 1988, she developed suddenly a high fever and severe pain of abdomen. Pathological findings of her stomach showed the deposition of amyloid protein A. Laboratory findings depicted the marked increment of thrombocytes, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4. These results suggest that circulating thrombocytes may play a role in product ion of amyloid protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The relation between myelotoxicity and performance status or aging in chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer].

One hundred eighty six patients of non-small cell lung cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy were analyzed. Significant incidence of anemia was observed in PS 2-3 patients as compared to PS 0-1 cases. Incidence of thrombocytopenia was significant in cases 70 or more years old as compared those less than 50 years old. No correlation was detected between myelotoxicity and aging.

Aged↗