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Biomedical subjects

K Ebina

Publications and source records attributed to K Ebina.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Experimental study on liquefaction of intracranial hematoma: usefulness of tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA), a hematolytic agent, and its combination].

In stereotaxic aspiration of intracerebral hematoma and extensive removal, or cisternal drainage for subarachnoid hematoma, rapid and safe liquefaction and removal of clots are important and urgent measures to be taken. We performed a pharmacological experimental study on the efficacy, administration method, and toxicity of various hematolytic agents, especially tissue-Plasminogen Activator (t-PA). The following findings were obtained. 1) The amount, hardness, and histological findings concerning the remaining hematoma differed markedly according to which hematolytic agents were used. 2) The local effects of each hematolytic agent continued for about 4-8 hours but markedly decreased thereafter. 3) The hematolysis rate following single administration (6 hours after the blood collection) was 88.9% with t-PA + Elase (Fibrinolysin + Deoxyribonuclease), 85.4% with t-PA, 84.6% with t-PA + Urokinase, 80.2% with t-PA + Urokinase + Elase, 27.55 with Elase + Urokinase, 24.6% with Elase + Urokinase + Heparin, 17.2% with Heparin + Urokinase, 16.4% with Urokinase, 13.2% with Elase + Heparin, 12.6% with Elase, 9.3% with Heparin, and 10.1% with the control (Saline). Locally administered t-PA had remarkably greater hematolytic effects than Urokinase on the hematoma (p less than 0.001). 4) The hematolysis rate after 24 hours of repeated administration of small doses at 8-hour intervals was 100% with t-PA + Urokinase + Elase, 94.2% with t-PA, 93.8% with t-PA + Urokinase, 50.9% with Elase + Urokinase, 46.6% with Elase + Urokinase + Heparin, 33.7% with Urokinase, and 4.8% with the control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Aging in the human tongue from autopsies. Histometrical study. 1. Degree of stenosis of lingual arteries].

Tongues from 119 autopsies were fixed in 20% neutral formalin. The transversely cut segments from the middle parts of the tongues were embedded in paraffin. Histologic sections of 5 microns thickness were prepared. Lingual tissue were examined histologically. Specimens were stained by hematoxylin-eosin, elastica van Gieson, and Azan-Mallory stainings. The stenotic index of human lingual arteries (area of lumen/area of intima and lumen of lingual artery x 100) (S.I) was calculated on the elastica van Gieson-stained slides by using an image analyzer system (Pias, LA555N). The results were as follows: 1. The lingual arteries, showed rupture and multilamellation of lamina elastica interna, as well as proliferation of intimal elastic fiber in almost all cases. 2. A decrease in the S.I was indicated in the lingual arteries with the progress of aging. 3. Calcification was observed at the intima and media of lingual arteries in a small number of cases (5 cases). These findings indicated that histological changes due to arteriosclerosis of lingual arteries was intimal thickening and lipid deposion; atherosclerotic changes was not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of pseudomembranous colitis: a neurosurgical viewpoint].

In many instances patients who have undergone neurosurgery are given antibiotics. Some of these patients, however, run the risk of developing pseudomembranous colitis. In our department over the past three years, 239 patients, whose hospitalization period exceeded two weeks, were given antibiotics. Of this total number, 6 patients (2.5%) contacted pseudomembranous colitis and a clinical study of these 6 cases was conducted from a neurosurgical viewpoint. This study concentrated on diarrhea, the primary symptom, and the 6 patients consisted of 1 male and 5 females whose ages ranged from 61 to 75 years. All had undergone surgery, and a breakdown of their diseases is as follows: 2 cases of a subarachnoid hemorrhage, 2 cases of an intracerebral hemorrhage, 1 case involving a glioblastoma multiforme, and a case of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Diarrhea was present in all 6 cases and, additionally, pyrexia, abdominal pains, and leukocytosis were seen. On colonoscopic examination, 5 patients were diagnosed as having developed pseudomembranous colitis, and were treated by oral administrations of Vancomycin. In the remaining cases, in which a colonoscopic examination had not been performed, a diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis had not been achieved and, subsequently, one patient died of multiple organ failure. On autopsy, however, it was determined that the patient had had pseudomembranous colitis. Thus, if symptoms of diarrhea occur during or after administrations of antibiotics, the possibility of pseudomembranous colitis must be assumed, and a colonoscopic examination should be performed immediately, so as to detect the disease at an early stage. This condition can be transmitted within a hospital and, therefore, great emphasis must be placed on preventing secondary infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Effect of cerebellectomy on reflex micturition in the decerebrate dog as determined by urodynamic evaluation.

The effect of cerebellectomy on reflex micturition in the decerebrate dog was investigated by cystometric and striated urethral sphincter EMG studies. Before and after cerebellectomy, reflex micturition consisting of bladder contraction and spasmodic contraction of the striated urethral sphincter occurred when a critical degree of filling was reached. Cerebellectomy showed no influence on the striated urethral sphincter EMG activity. However, cerebellectomy produced a significant decrease in threshold volume and threshold pressure during the collecting phase, and also in the contraction pressure and voided volume of the emptying phase. The present study suggests that the cerebellum plays an inhibitory role in the collecting phase and a facilitatory role in the emptying phase during the entire reflex micturition cycle of the decerebrate dog. Further study will have to be done concerning the neurotransmission mechanism that causes these different effects in the collecting and emptying phases.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Optic glioma in neonates--report of two cases].

We report two cases of optic glioma in neonates, which is rare and only 3 similar cases can be found in the literature so far. Case #1 was a 55-day-old boy having been lethargic since around his 25th postnatal day. Case #2 was a 100-day-old girl having also been in the same condition as Case #1 since around her 50th postnatal day. The tumor in either patients seemed to have originated from chiasm or its vicinity and were too large to remove totally. Histopathological diagnosis of the tumor was fibrillary astrocytoma grade II in Case #1, and was anaplastic astrocytoma grade III in Case #2, both of which are different from the most popular pilocytic astrocytoma in so called infantile optic glioma. Now, 5 months and 4 years respectively after the operation, mental and somatical developmental retardations are already seen in either patients. Their functional prognosis seems to be poor.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of bunazosin on lower urinary tract function in the decerebrated dog].

The effect of bunazosin on the lower urinary tract function was studied by combined recording of cystometry and sphincter electromyogram (EMG) in 8 decerebrated dogs. Micturitions were induced by bladder filling and microelectrical stimulation of the pons before and after the administration of bunazosin. Bunazosin (0.03 mg/kg, i.v.) produced overflow incontinence in 7 of the 8 dogs and a significant decrease in the contractile response pressure to microelectrical stimulation of the pons in 6 dogs. Bunazosin appears to produce a decrease in urethral resistance and to be useful for the treatment of the failure of bladder emptying due to high urethral resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An angiographic study of incidence and morphology of infundibular dilation of the posterior communicating artery.

In the last 9 years, infundibular dilatation (ID) has been sought in 260 aneurysm (An) cases and 398 carotid angiogram's (CAG) to reveal its incidence and morphology. Findings were as follows: The incidence was about double that so far published. Small ID, usually triangular in shape, tended to become round as it grew larger (P less than 0.01). Large ID favored young age (P less than 0.05). In internal carotid-posterior communicating aneurysm (IC-P com An) cases, a high incidence of ID was noted as compared to other An cases (P less than 0.05), and intermediate or large, round ID accounted for high ratios. Cases with a history of hypertension showed a high large ID ratio (P less than 0.05). Cases with well developed P com A had a high ratio of large, round ID (P less than 0.01). In cases with a large divergent angle of ICA and P com A, intermediate or large, round ID was found in high ratio (P less than 0.05). Aggressive follow-up or treatment was thought necessary in cases which possess the factors mentioned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Dural sinus pressure: various aspects in human brain surgery in children and adults.

To prevent air embolism and minimize neurosurgical venous hemorrhage, the dural sinus pressure (confluens sinuum pressure, CSP) was examined under various conditions in 47 cases, 11 of whom were children. Either the extracranial (group A) or catheter type (group B) pressure transducer was used. The latter gave approximately 30% higher values than the former. In any surgical position, children showed a tendency toward higher pressure than did adults. This was particularly the case in the sitting position; adults showed negative pressure [-8.6 +/- 2.3 (SD) mmHg, group A], whereas all eight children less than 9 yr of age (group A, 5 cases; group B, 3 cases) showed positive pressure. The youngest with negative CSP in a sitting position was a 9-yr-old boy. When the upper half of the body was raised, the CSP decreased linearly and became zero at approximately 25 degrees. In anteflexion of the neck, the CSP decreased significantly, and even with inclination of the upper half of the body of only 15-20 degrees or more upward, negative pressure was observed in adults. In children, right and left rotation of the neck showed remarkable increase of the CSP. In both supine and sitting positions, CSP was elevated sufficiently by bilateral jugular compression to prevent air embolism. Positive-pressure respiration did not raise the CSP, contrary to widely accepted knowledge. This study was originally performed in relation to brain surgery, but the results also seemed to be valuable in physiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Gangliocytoma of the pineal body. A case report and review of the literature.

Ganglion cell tumours are mostly seen in children and young people, but they are extremely rare, accounting for 0.1-0.5% of all brain tumours. It usually occurs in the floor of the third ventricle and the temporal lobe. Recently we have experienced a pineal gangliocytoma, probably the first ever seen in Japan and the fourth case in the world, and have succeeded in a total removal of it. The case concerns a 51-year-old man who suffered from intermittent blurred vision and headache of 3 years' duration. CT showed, together with severe hydrocephalus, positive contrast medium enhancement and a somewhat irregular but sharply circumscribed high density lesion suggestive of a meningioma. But the brain scintiscan revealed a badly and irregularly demarcated region of warm activity and having little change with time mainly in the pineal region, which was strongly suspicious of gliomas. Hence this scan was thought to be important in diagnosing this tumour. As an operative procedure, biparieto-occipital craniotomy was successfully performed in the "sea lion" position to remove the tumour totally. Pathological findings indicated a mixture of dispersion and concentration of giant cells possessing prominent nucleoli, abundant chromatin and a prominent nucleus or several nuclei of varying sizes and process-like cell bodies polygonal or irregular in shape. GFAP stain showing no glial fibres and the tumour was thought to be a gangliocytoma.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Studies on toxin of Aspergillus fumigatus. XXII. Fashion of binding of Asp-hemolysin to human erythrocytes and Asp-hemolysin-binding proteins of erythrocyte membranes.

The fashion of binding of Asp-hemolysin to human erythrocytes and the isolation of Asp-hemolysin-binding proteins from erythrocyte membranes were investigated by the immunocytochemical technique and affinity chromatography. Asp-hemolysin bound best at a pH range from 5 to 7. The erythrocytes treated with Asp-hemolysin showed diffuse, ring-like or cap-like staining by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method under the light microscope. The distribution of Asp-hemolysin on the erythrocyte surface was clearly observed as patches or caps in the scanning electron microscope. The erythrocyte ghosts were extracted with 1% sodium deoxycholate-0.1 M Tris-HC1 buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.2 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA, and the extract was chromatographed on an affinity column consisting of Asp-hemolysin attached to activated thiol-Sepharose 4B. Four proteins present in the membrane extract were retained by activated thiol-Sepharose 4B and eluted with 50 mM cysteine as toxin-membrane components. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the polypeptides correspond to band 2.1, one protein of the 2 region, band 3 and band 7 in the Steck nomenclature system.

Aspergillus fumigatus↗
PubMed1984

Non-ionic water soluble contrast medium 3-deoxy-3-iodo-D-glucose (DIG) for use in the CSF space. An experimental study with mongrel and beagle dogs.

A non-ionic water soluble contrast medium, 3-Deoxy-3-Iodo-D-Glucose (DIG), was experimentally evaluated for use in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space, and compared with other contrast media. Two ml (180 mgI/ml) of DIG were injected either intraventricularly or intracisternally in 15 adult mongrel dogs (average weight: 6.4 kg), and X-ray photographic, CSF, EEG, and histological studies were then performed. Additional tests were made on four beagle dogs (average weight: 9.8 kg), focussing particularly on changes in cell count and protein in the CSF following alternate intracisternal injections of 2 ml (170 mgI/ml) of DIG and metrizamide (Amipaque), and on epileptogenicity following intracisternal injection of 3 ml (300 mgI/ml) of DIG. That DIG provides adequate definition was demonstrated both by the ventriculograms and cisternograms, and by comparison with metrizamide. Neither epileptic discharges in the EEG nor epileptic symptoms were seen in any of the dogs used in the studies. In the CSF drawn 24 hours after the injection, protein tended to increase moderately with DIG, but pleocytosis was mild with both media. Histological studies of the central nervous system structures around the cisterna magna revealed no definite abnormal findings. Neither fibrosis nor arachnoid adhesions were seen in scanning electron microscopic observations of the basal subarachnoid spaces.

Animals↗