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Biomedical subjects

K Ebeling

Publications and source records attributed to K Ebeling.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Smoking and invasive cervical cancer risk. Results from a case-control study.

The association between cigarette smoking and risk of invasive cervical cancer was investigated in a case-control study conducted in four hospitals in Leipzig, German Democratic Republic in 1983-1985. Analyses were based on 225 women aged 64 years or younger with newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer and 435 age-matched controls with orthopedic or skin diseases. The crude relative risk of invasive cervical cancer was significantly elevated for women who had ever smoked (relative risk (RR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.1). Adjustment for number of sexual partners reduced the risk to RR = 1.2 (95% CI = 0.8-1.6). Furthermore, the risk for smokers depended significantly on number of sexual partners (p less than 0.05) and was increased only among women with no partner or one partner (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2-6.1).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Epidemiology of breast cancer].

Important facts and hypotheses of descriptive and analytic epidemiology of breast cancer are presented and discussed in connection with results of studies carried out by the authors. Leading position and further increase in breast cancer incidence in many countries are the most important point of descriptive epidemiology. In the GDR breast cancer incidence amounts to 60 per 100,000 per year. On the other hand, there are large differences in the incidence between populations, which support hypotheses about the life style, especially of diet, as a risk factor for breast cancer. The most important groups of risk factors which have been investigated are menstrual and reproductive factors, genetics, hormonal status, diet, benign breast disease, radiation and oral contraceptives. Early age at menarche and late age at menopause, nulliparity and late age at first birth, breast cancer in first-degree relatives, benign breast disease and radiation increase breast cancer risk. The results of case-control studies concerning diet are not yet convincing. A number of studies shows no overall increase of breast cancer risk. Finally, possibilities of breast cancer control are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Screening for lung cancer--results from a case-control study.

By means of a case-control study, a screening programme originally introduced to control tuberculosis and utilizing biennial chest X-rays (70 X 70 pa.) was evaluated for its effect on lung cancer mortality. The case group consisted of 130 population-based deaths from lung cancer (males below 70). One general population-based and one hospital-based control group were used, both consisting of 260 males matched for age and alive at the same time as the relevant case. The proportion of exposed persons, i.e. those having had at least one screening test within the 2 years preceding diagnosis, was similar in the case group and in the 2 control groups: 76, 78 and 75%, respectively. The relative risk of lung cancer death was 0.9 and 1.1 (95% confidence intervals 0.5 to 1.5 and 0.7 to 1.8). There was no trend in relative risks with regard to the number of tests performed and the interval since the last test.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Use of oral contraceptives and risk of invasive cervical cancer in previously screened women.

Within the context of a larger hospital-based case-control study carried out to assess the efficacy of cervical cancer screening, the possible association between oral contraceptives and risk of invasive cervical cancer has been studied as well. Because in the GDR cytological screening is an integral part of the gynaecological basic care, only a few women reported oral contraceptive use but had no Pap-smears in that study. Thus, the analysis was confined to those 129 cases and 275 controls who had at least one screening Pap-smear in their history and were below the age 55. The significantly increased relative risks for users decreased after adjustment for factors of sexual behaviour and interval since last Pap-smear but remained statistically significant or at borderline significance for some categories of usage. This concerns, in particular, long-term use (7+ years) and early onset of use (less than or equal to 24 years) with relative risks of 1.8 and 3.0, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiology of cervix cancer--a review].

Cervical cancer behaves epidemiologically like a venereal disease of low infectiousness. Early age at first intercourse and multiple sexual partners have been shown to exert strong effects on risk. There are wide differences in the incidence between different countries also influenced by the introduction of screening. Although the general picture remains one of decreasing incidence and mortality, there are signs of an increasing cervical cancer risk probably due to changes in sexual behavior. HSV 2 infection could not be confirmed to play the anticipated role in the aetiology of cervical cancer. Smoking and HPV 16/18 are currently important issues in a concept of multifactorial, stepwise carcinogenesis at the cervix uteri.

Colombia↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiology and early detection of endometrial cancer].

During the last two decades, in the GDR the incidence rate of endometrial carcinoma increased from 17.3 to 23.7/100,000 women. Because the increase was strictly limited to women older than 55 years, a real increase of endometrial cancer risk of younger women seems to be unlikely. As consequences of the relatively high rate of cases detected at stage I (68%) and of improved therapeutic results (overall relative 5-YSR 77%), the mortality rate remained nearly stable and amounted to 9.5/100,000 women in 1983 (4% of overall cancer mortality in females). --Obesity, hypertension, nulliparity and long-term intake of estrogens are the most important risk factors for endometrial cancer providing support for the unopposed estrogen hypothesis of the etiology of endometrial cancer. --In a few investigations, screening asymptomatic women resulted in earlier detection of occult endometrial carcinomas, but up to now there have been considerable lack of informations about cost-benefit-risk relations. Mass screening for endometrial cancer therefore can not be recommended. Women at high risk are suggested to have regular gynaecological examinations and if acceptable endometrial biopsies by suction curettage.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

[Survival rates in bronchial carcinomas depending on the manner of detection].

During 1975-1978 in 3 districts of Berlin, 985 patients with lung cancer have been newly registered. In 805 patients the type of detection, asymptomatic or symptom-detected, has been evaluated carefully. Asymptomatic and symptom-detected cases have been compared with respect to their fatality: 5-year-survival rates for asymptomatic or symptom-detected cases amounted to 6.8 and 2.0 per cent, respectively. There was no significant difference between survival rates for cases aged 75 and more. Because of these small or non-significant differences, long-term effects on mortality by screening asymptomatic people seems to be extremely small if they exist at all. Therefore, looking at the methods available for earlier detection, screening for lung cancer must be discussed more critically than optimistically.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Microinvasive stage Ia cancer of the uterine cervix--a population based analysis].

In a population based study, 782 cases of microinvasive cervical cancer stage Ia recorded in Berlin, capital of the GDR, between 1970 and 1978 were analyzed. As the consequence of a cytological screening programme started in 1973, the percentage of stage Ia-cancer increased to 30% in 1978 and 35% in 1984. The percentage of asymptomatic cases (86%) only detectable by colposcopy and/or cytology (92%) increased also considerably. The percentage of cases histologically confirmed by cone biopsy increased from 55% to 81%. During the period analyzed, the percentage of radically treated cases (Wertheim, Schauta, combined surgery and radiotherapy) decreased to 31%. Among 459 patients only treated by conization or simple hysterectomy 7 developed recurrences and 2 died from the disease despite of an intensive second treatment. Among 323 patients treated more radically (Wertheim, Schauta, combined surgery and radiotherapy), there was no recurrence but 5 deaths by early or late treatment complications. Therefore, observed cumulative survival rates of patients treated by conization or hysterectomy were slightly higher than those of patients treated more radically.

Adult↗