Biomedical subjects

K Eaton

Publications and source records attributed to K Eaton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Expression of the glucocorticoid-induced receptor mRNA in rat brain.

The glucocorticoid-induced receptor (GIR) is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor awaiting pharmacological characterization. GIR was originally identified in murine thymoma cells, and shows a widespread, yet not completely complementary distribution in mouse and human brain. Expression of the mouse GIR gene is modulated by dexamethasone in the brain and periphery, suggesting that GIR function is directly responsive to glucocorticoid signals. The rat GIR was cloned from rat prefrontal cortex by our group and was shown to be up-regulated following chronic amphetamine. The physiological role of GIR in the rat is not known at present. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the potential functions of GIR in the rat, we performed a detailed mapping of GIR mRNA expression in the rat brain. GIR mRNA showed widespread distribution in forebrain limbic and thalamic structures, and a more restricted distribution in hindbrain areas such as the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the median raphe nucleus. Areas with moderate to high levels of GIR include olfactory regions such as the nucleus of olfactory tract, hippocampus, various thalamic nuclei, cortical layers, and some hypothalamic nuclei. In comparison with previous studies, significant regional differences exist in GIR distribution in mouse and rat brain, particularly in the thalamus, striatum and in hippocampus at a cellular level. Overall, the expression of GIR in rat brain more closely approaches that seen previously in human than mouse, suggesting that rat models may be more informative for understanding the role of GIR in glucocorticoid physiology and glucocorticoid-related disease states. GIR mRNA distribution in the rat indicates a potential role of this receptor in the control of feeding and ingestive behavior, regulation of stress and emotional behavior, learning and memory, and, drug reinforcement and reward.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Enhancing human balance control with galvanic vestibular stimulation.

With galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), electrical current is delivered transcutaneously to the vestibular afferents through electrodes placed over the mastoid bones. This serves to modulate the continuous firing levels of the vestibular afferents, and causes a standing subject to lean in different directions depending on the polarity of the current. Our objective in this study was to test the hypothesis that the sway response elicited by GVS can be used to reduce the postural sway resulting from a mechanical perturbation. Nine subjects were tested for their postural responses to both galvanic stimuli and support-surface translations. Transfer-function models were fit to these responses and used to calculate a galvanic stimulus that would act to counteract sway induced by a support-surface translation. The subjects' responses to support-surface translations, without and with the stabilizing galvanic stimulus, were then measured. With the stabilizing galvanic stimulus, all subjects showed significant reductions in both sway amplitude and sway latency. Thus, with GVS, subjects maintained a more erect stance and followed the support-surface displacement more closely. These findings suggest that GVS could possibly form the basis for a vestibular prosthesis by providing a means through which an individual's posture can be systematically controlled.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Bias in peer review.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Complementary Therapies↗

PubMed1999

Skin care for patients receiving radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy can cause significant skin reactions. Research suggests that skin care practices are diverse for patients receiving radiotherapy. Standardised practice enables nurses to evaluate interventions.

Bandages↗

PubMed1998

Characteristics of new referrals to twenty-seven lymphoedema treatment units.

Lymphoedema affects 25-28% of patients who have undergone axillary surgery or radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. The prevalence of primary lymphoedema or of lymphoedema secondary to non-cancer causes is unknown. In addition, basic demographic and disease characteristics of the lymphoedema population remain undocumented. We conducted a prospective survey to determine these characteristics. Lymphoedema treatment clinics in the UK were invited to participate at the British Lymphology Society 1996 Annual Conference. Twenty-seven clinics collected a standard data set for all new referrals in a 3-month period in 1997. The sample size was 603. The mean number of new referrals was 7.4 patients per unit per month. Eighty per cent of patients had cancer-related lymphoedema, and 86% of patients were female. Patients' mean age was 61.0 years. Thirty-seven per cent of the sample had suffered lymphoedema for less than 3 months, and 15% for 5 years or more. Patients with non-cancer related oedema had suffered the condition disproportionately longer than the cancer-related group (chi 2 = 102.2, P < 0.001). Sixty-six per cent of patients were reported as having lymphoedema at more than one site. Seventy-four per cent of all patients suffered unilateral limb oedema, and 23% bilateral limb oedema. Bilateral swelling was recorded for 67% of the non-cancer related group and 13% of the cancer related group (chi 2 = 153.4, P < 0.001). Median percentage excess volume (PCEV) for all patients with unilateral limb oedema was 16.4%. There was a positive relationship between PCEV and duration of the condition (H = 24.0, P < 0.001), and PCEV and non-cancer related lymphoedema (H = 10.5, P < 0.05). These results suggest that patients with non-cancer related lymphoedema and those with cancer-related lymphoedema form two distinct groups. The former present substantial management problems which are made more complex by late referral.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

The MGDS examination: a systematic approach. 1. General preparation and Part I of the examination. Member in General Dental Surgery.

This paper is the first in a series of four which present a systematic approach to colleagues who are preparing for and sitting the examination for the Diploma of Membership in General Dental Surgery (MGDS) of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Although some details may differ, the general principles set out in the four papers apply equally to the MGDS examinations of the other Royal Surgical Colleges.

Certification↗

PubMed1998

The MGDS examination: a systematic approach. 2. Part II of the examination: log diary presentation, patient selection and assessment.

This paper is the second in a series of four which present a systematic approach to colleagues who are preparing for and sitting the examination for the Diploma of Membership in General Dental Surgery (MGDS) of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Although some details may differ, the general principles set out in the four papers apply equally to the MGDS examinations of the other Royal Surgical Colleges.

Diagnosis, Oral↗

PubMed1998

The MGDS examination: a systematic approach. 3. Part II of the examination: diagnosis, treatment planning, execution of treatment, maintenance and appraisal, writing-up log diaries.

This paper is the third in a series of four which present a systematic approach to colleagues who are preparing for and sitting the examination for the Diploma of Membership in General Dental Surgery (MGDS) of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Although some details may differ, the general principles set out in the four papers apply equally to the MGDS examinations of the other Royal Surgical Colleges.

Comprehensive Dental Care↗

PubMed1997

Porcine gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT): stimulation by colonization with the gastric bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori.

The presence and features of mucosa associated lymhoid tissue (MALT), analogous to Peyer's patches, in the cardia of the lesser curvature of the porcine stomach are described. The gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (gastric-MALT) is histologically distinct from gastric inflammation associated with colonization by normal gastric microflora and experimental bacterial colonization with a human gastric bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. The gastric-MALT consists of well-demarcated encapsulated and organized lymphoid tissue, intimately associated with overlying gastric epithelium, centered below the muscularis mucosae and drained by efferent lymphatics. Gastric-MALT was identified in all piglets studied including microbially sterile uninfected gnotobiotes; these structures were enlarged with age and local (gastric) antigenic stimulation. Significant (P < 0.05) expansion of the gastric-MALT occurred in H. pylori-infected gnotobiotic piglets. These distinct morphologic features and location in the cardia suggest that lymphoid elements in the gastric-MALT are involved in gastric antigen processing and regional lymphoid maturation, differentiation and proliferation in the stomach.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Toxicity of chemotherapy.

Because anticancer drugs are cytotoxic for normal as well as neoplastic cells, the range of unwanted effects that accompanies their use is broad. Many of the side effects are potentially life-threatening or seriously debilitating. Many are similar to, and readily confused with, direct or indirect (paraneoplastic) consequences of the cancer itself. Recognition of drug side effects is vital for optimal patient care, because early withdrawal of the offending agent and institution of appropriate treatment have the potential to significantly reduce the overall morbidity and mortality associated with the diagnosis of cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1995

Implementing corporate wellness programs: a business approach to program planning.

1. Support of key decision makers is critical to the successful implementation of a corporate wellness program. Therefore, the program implementation plan must be communicated in a format and language readily understood by business people. 2. A business approach to corporate wellness program planning provides a standardized way to communicate the implementation plan. 3. A business approach incorporates the program planning components in a format that ranges from general to specific. This approach allows for flexibility and responsiveness to changes in program planning. 4. Components of the business approach are the executive summary, purpose, background, ground rules, approach, requirements, scope of work, schedule, and financials.

Commerce↗

PubMed1992

The total-contact cast for management of neuropathic plantar ulceration of the foot.

Seventy-one neuropathic ulcers of the foot in sixty-six patients were treated with the use of a total-contact cast. The ulcers had been present for an average of five months (range, one to twenty-nine months) and were graded according to the Wagner classification; only patients who had grade-I or grade-II lesions were treated with a total-contact cast. The diameter of the ulcer averaged 3.5 centimeters (range, 1.5 to 15.5 centimeters). Sixty-four (90 per cent) of seventy-one ulcers were healed at a mean of five and one-half weeks (range, one to fourteen weeks). A deep infection developed in two patients during treatment. Twenty-two ulcers (31 per cent) recurred within eighteen months after initial healing; nineteen (86 per cent) of them healed after an average of two weeks in a second cast. Recurrent ulceration was usually associated with an underlying fixed deformity or osseous prominence. The total-contact cast provided safe, reliable, and cost-effective treatment for patients who had neuropathic ulcers of the foot.

Adult↗

PubMed1991