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Biomedical subjects

K E Rose

Publications and source records attributed to K E Rose.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A complex of iron and nucleic acid catabolites is a signal that triggers differentiation in a freshwater protozoan.

The polymorphic ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena vorax can undergo differentiation from the microstomal form, which normally feeds on bacteria and other particulate matter, into the macrostomal cell type, which is capable of ingesting prey ciliates. The process is triggered by exposure of the microstome to an inducer contained in stomatin, an exudate of the prey. To establish the identity of the signal, stomatin was fractionated by combinations of cation exchange, HPLC, and TLC, and the fractions were assayed for biological activity. Although no single active fraction of purified inducer was obtained, all fractions with activity contained ferrous iron and the nucleic acid catabolites hypoxanthine (6-oxypurine) and uracil (2, 4-dioxopyrimidine), probably in a chelated form. The activity of synthetic complexes containing these three components is equivalent to stomatin. These results indicate a role for ferrous iron and its potential in chelated form to signal differentiation in certain protozoa and, perhaps, in other organisms as well.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gaining access to potential research participants.

A researcher who undertook a study involving informal carers of terminally ill cancer patients had difficulty accessing participants through primary care nurses. Many of the nurses approached were unable to function as autonomous professionals in facilitating access to subjects without a doctor's permission. Such attitudes can make it more difficult for research to achieve its objectives.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1999

Early determinants of lifetime reproductive success differ between the sexes in red deer.

In polygynous, sexually dimorphic species, sexual selection should be stronger in males than in females. Although this prediction extends to the effects of early development on fitness, few studies have documented early determinants of lifetime reproductive success in a natural mammal population. In this paper, we describe factors affecting the reproductive success of male and female red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the island of Rum, Scotland. Birthweight was a significant determinant of total lifetime reproductive success in males, with heavier-born males being more successful than lighter ones. In contrast, birthweight did not affect female reproductive success. High population density and cold spring temperatures in the year of birth decreased several components of fitness in females, but did not affect the breeding success of males. The results confirm the prediction that selection on a sexually dimorphic trait should be greater in males than in females, and explain the differential maternal expenditure between sons and daughters observed in red deer. Differences between the sexes in the effects of environmental and phenotypic variation on fitness may generate differences in the amount of heritable genetic variation underlying traits such as birthweight.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

A qualitative analysis of the information needs of informal carers of terminally ill cancer patients.

This article discusses issues relating to information arising from a qualitative study of the experiences of informal carers of terminally ill cancer patients. Qualitative data analysis, drawing on methods of literary criticism, revealed that information was a key area in carers' experience. The findings are presented in the context of needing to provide individualized care to every family and deal with information needs relating to the illness and prognosis. The question of who is in possession of what information is raised, and the effect that this can have on couples is discussed, together with the issue of false information which carers may receive. The discussion centres on the complexity of understanding carers' information needs and considers how these are affected by the context within which carers operate. The work of Glaser and Strauss on awareness contexts is discussed in this respect. Finally, the importance of the nurse's role as a sensitive mediator of information is considered.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1998

Perceptions related to time in a qualitative study of informal carers of terminally ill cancer patients.

Caring for a terminally ill relative is a complex, time-consuming experience. Demands on carers' time stem from a variety of sources, notably the practical and emotional work they must perform. Carers should be helped to plan their time effectively. Carers need to come to terms with their perceptions about past, present and future. Achieving some sense of equilibrium in the caring role is important. Professionals working with families experiencing terminal illness have a duty to assess each family individually in order to provide appropriate help and support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Myopia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Density-related changes in sexual selection in red deer.

In sexually dimorphic mammals, high population density is commonly associated with increased mortality of males relative to females and with female-biased adult sex ratios. This paper investigates the consequences of these changes on the distribution of male breeding success, the intensity of competition for females and the opportunity for sexual selection. After the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) population of the North Block of Rum (Inner Hebrides) was released from culling, female numbers rose and male numbers declined, leading to an adult sex ratio of around one male to two females. This change was the result of increased mortality of males relative to females during the first two years of life; of increased emigration rates by young males; and of reduced immigration by males from outside the study area. The increasing bias in the adult sex ratio affected the timing of breeding as well as the distribution of mating success in males. As the adult sex ratio became increasingly biased towards females, the degree of skew in mating success (calculated across all harem-holders) increased, but mature males defended harems for shorter periods and a higher proportion of males held harems. In addition, a higher proportion of calves were fathered by immigrant males and the proportion fathered by males born in the study area declined. These results support the contention that, where high population density is associated with a female-biased adult sex ratio, competition for mates is likely to decline.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Pain management in advanced cancer.

This article explores the nurse's role in the management of pain for patients with advanced cancer. It relates to UKCC Professional Development categories: Care enhancement and Practice development.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Beta-lactamase is encoded on plasmid pACK3 in Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus.

Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus, the lysostaphin-producing organism, contains five plasmids designated pACK1 through pACK5. Hybridization analysis using cloned beta-lactamase gene (bla) as probe and characterization of cured strains revealed that bla resides on pACK3 rather than on the lysostaphin endopeptidase plasmid (pACK1) as reported by others.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1989

Plasmid-encoded lysostaphin endopeptidase resistance of Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus.

Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus, the lysostaphin-producing organism, secretes a staphylolytic endopeptidase (EC 3.4.99.17) that is encoded on plasmid pACK1. Susceptibility of pACK1-cured strains to lysis by endopeptidase established that resistance to this enzyme is not an inherent property of the organism but rather is encoded on this dispensable plasmid. Furthermore, the enzyme is not an autolysin that is essential for cell wall synthesis because strains lacking the endopeptidase gene grew normally.

Lysostaphin↗
PubMed1985

Simple screening method for identification of nonpleiotropic mutants for exoenzyme production.

A differential medium that distinguishes between pleiotropic and nonpleiotropic mutants for exoenzyme production has been developed for Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus. The medium will facilitate genetic analysis of exoenzyme production by this organism. Generally useful strategies for increasing the sensitivity of indicator plates for detection of exoenzyme activities are presented.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient isolation in chronic benign pain.

Over the years, nurses, doctors and scientists have sought ways of assessing the impact of pain on patients. While many of the instruments devised have been extremely useful in identifying the nature and intensity of pain, defining the effect it has on people's lives and perceptions has proved much more problematic. Based on the work she carried out with patients suffering from chronic benign pain, Karen Rose explores one aspect of these effects--the feeling of isolation. By using a four-step anthropological approach to identify the impact of pain, she argues, nurses can arrive at a realistic and accurate assessment of how patients are coping.

Female↗