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Biomedical subjects

K E Quesenberry

Publications and source records attributed to K E Quesenberry.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Diagnosis and treatment of insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cell tumors in ferrets: 57 cases (1986-1994).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical, laboratory, radiographic, ultrasonographic, surgical, and histologic findings in ferrets with insulinoma and to determine their long-term outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 57 ferrets with a histopathologic diagnosis of pancreatic islet cell tumor. PROCEDURE: Medical records of ferrets with pancreatic islet cell tumors were reviewed. RESULTS: Lethargy, weakness, and collapse were the most common clinical signs. All ferrets had hypoglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia was documented in 39 of 47 (83%) ferrets. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed pancreatic nodules in 5 of 23 ferrets. Surgical treatment was performed in 50 ferrets, 3 were treated by medical management alone, and 4 did not have treatment. At the time of surgery, 1 pancreatic nodule was found in 13 (26%) ferrets and multiple nodules were found in 37 (74%) ferrets. Pancreatic carcinoma alone was found in 34 ferrets. Whereas a combination of carcinoma and either hyperplasia or adenoma was found in 23 ferrets; 4 ferrets had metastasis to regional lymph nodes or liver. In 26 (53%) ferrets, hypoglycemia persisted after surgery, necessitating medical treatment with prednisone, diazoxide, or both. Sixteen (33%) ferrets had redevelopment of hypoglycemia at 1 to 23.5 months (median, 10.6 months) after surgery. Only 7 of the 50 (14%) ferrets remained euglycemic after surgery. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: In ferrets, surgical removal of insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cell tumors is recommended as definitive treatment; however, multiple pancreatic nodules are common, making complete excision of all tumor tissue difficult. Persistent hypoglycemia after surgical treatment indicates that lifelong medical management with prednisone or diazoxide or both may be necessary in many ferrets. Finally, because the insulin-secreting tumors are malignant, long-term cure and survival are not likely.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Megaesophagus in nine ferrets.

Megaesophagus was diagnosed in 9 adult ferrets. Clinical history of the ferrets included regurgitation, difficulty in swallowing, partial anorexia, and lethargy. Cachexia, dehydration, weakness, and ptyalism were observed on physical examination. Radiography revealed the esophagus of each ferret to be dilated in the thoracic and cervical regions. Of 4 ferrets that had lymphocytopenia, 2 had concurrent leukopenia. Serum biochemical analysis revealed high activity of alanine transaminase (4 ferrets) and aspartate transaminase (3), and hypoglycemia (4). Treatment included administration of fluid, antibiotics, and agents directed against possible primary causes of megaesophagus. Treatments were ineffective, and all of the ferrets died or were euthanatized. All 6 ferrets that were submitted for necropsy had bronchopneumonia, hepatic lipidosis, mild esophagitis, and gastritis. The etiopathogenesis of megaesophagus in the ferrets was not determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Guinea pigs.

Guinea pigs are popular pets for both adults and children, and they are often presented to the small animal practitioner for medical problems. Diseases and management problems seen in pet guinea pigs often vary from those commonly seen in laboratory animals, and the treatment techniques used in pet animals also are different. This article reviews pet guinea pigs' common medical problems and treatment.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1993

Hyperadrenocorticism associated with adrenocortical tumor or nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal gland in ferrets: 50 cases (1987-1991).

Adrenocortical adenoma, nodular hyperplasia, or carcinoma was diagnosed in 50 ferrets. Thirty-five (70%) ferrets were female and 15 (30%) were male. The mean age at which clinical signs were first noticed was 3.4 years (range, 1 to 7 years). Clinical signs included large vulva (n = 31; 89% of females), alopecia (n = 43; 86%), pruritus (n = 20; 40%), and increased consumption of water and increased urine output (n = 4; 8%). A mass was palpated at the cranial pole of the kidney during physical examination of 17 (34%) ferrets. Ultrasonography, performed on 39 of 50 ferrets, revealed a unilateral adrenal gland mass in 19 (49%). Four ferrets were anemic, and 2 ferrets were thrombocytopenic. Baseline plasma concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone were within or below the reference range in all 17 ferrets tested, whereas baseline plasma estradiol concentrations were high in 4 of the 11 ferrets (36%) tested. AFter adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration, only 1 ferret had a slightly exaggerated response on the basis of plasma cortisol concentrations, and all 17 had normal responses on the basis of plasma corticosterone concentrations. There was little or no increase in plasma estradiol concentrations after ACTH administration. Of the 50 ferrets, 39 were treated by adrenalectomy. Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 34 ferrets in which 1 adrenal gland was large, whereas subtotal bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 5 ferrets with bilateral adrenal disease. Five ferrets died in the immediate postoperative period, and follow-up information was available for the remaining 34, 1 to 34 months after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of plasma cortisol and corticosterone responses to synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone administration in ferrets.

Plasma cortisol and corticosterone responses of 8 clinically normal adult ferrets to synthetic ACTH (cosyntropin) were evaluated. Cosyntropin was administered IV at 4 dosages (0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10 micrograms/kg of body weight) at 2- to 4-week intervals, with blood samples collected 60 and 120 minutes after injection. After completion of the studies, an additional ACTH stimulation test was performed by administering cosyntropin (1.0 micrograms/kg) IM. The baseline plasma cortisol concentrations from all studies ranged from 25.9 to 235 nmol/L (mean +/- SEM = 73.8 +/- 7.0 nmol/L), and plasma corticosterone values ranged from 1.7 to 47 nmol/L (mean +/- SEM = 8.3 +/- 1.1 nmol/L). After IV administration of cosyntropin, plasma concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone increased significantly (P < or = 0.05) and reached peak values at 60 minutes; however, there were no significant differences between plasma cortisol or corticosterone responses to the 4 dosages of cosyntropin. Intramuscular administration of 1.0 micrograms of cosyntropin/kg induced increases in plasma cortisol and corticosterone concentrations that were similar to the responses induced by IV administration of cosyntropin. The mean molar ratio of cortisol to corticosterone, calculated from the resting plasma concentrations, was approximately 9:1, whereas the ACTH-stimulated cortisol to corticosterone ratio was approximately 4:1. Results of this study indicated that administration of cosyntropin to clinically normal ferrets, at dosages ranging from 0.5 to 10 micrograms/kg, increased plasma concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone. Although cosyntropin stimulates the adrenocortical secretion of cortisol and corticosterone, cortisol appears to be the predominate circulating glucocorticoid in ferrets.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Needle catheter duodenostomy: a technique for duodenal alimentation of birds.

A technique for duodenal alimentation (needle catheter duodenostomy) of birds was developed, using the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) as the experimental model. A needle catheter was inserted into the descending duodenum of 5 pigeons and was secured to the body wall and dorsum of each bird. A liquid diet was administered daily (in equal amounts of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours) for 14 days without adverse effects. On day 15, the catheters were removed, and the birds immediately resumed normal consumption of a pigeon ration and water diet. Although 4 of the 5 birds had minor weight loss, dietary alterations probably could be used on an individual basis to alleviate this problem. After oral alimentation was resumed, the 5 birds exceeded their initial body weight within 7 days. Four weeks after catheter removal, positive-contrast radiographic evaluations indicated that the duodenum of each pigeon appeared normal. Needle catheter duodenostomy was a viable method of alimentation in the domestic pigeon. This technique should be applicable for other avian species requiring bypass of the upper gastrointestinal tract proximal to the region of catheter insertion in the duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Enucleation in birds of prey.

Enucleation in birds requires special consideration. Two case reports are presented as examples of 2 techniques for enucleation in raptors. The first technique utilizes a transaural approach and is suitable only in owls that have extensive external ear openings. The major advantage of this technique is that it allows complete histologic examination of the globe. The second technique is a globe-collapsing procedure that is suitable for any avian species. This technique precludes complete histologic examination.

Animal Population Groups↗