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Biomedical subjects

K E Barnard

Publications and source records attributed to K E Barnard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Dyadic affect regulation in three caregiving environments.

Investigation of patterns of mother-child affect across three caregiving groups indicated that both adolescent and adult high-social-risk mothers showed less individual positive affect than did adult low-social-risk mothers. High-social-risk adolescent mothers also showed more individual negative affect and participated with their children in more dyadically misregulated affect exchanges than did adult mothers from either high- or low-social-risk environments.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Failure to thrive: a parent-infant interaction perspective.

The purpose of this study was to prospectively study inpatients admitted for failure to thrive during their first year of life. Twelve infants with failure to thrive were studied and compared with 17 healthy controls. Mothers and infants with nonorganic failure to thrive scored lower on the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale, reported more change in their lives, and less social support. The need for further research is discussed and suggestions for beginning level interventions are made.

Failure to Thrive↗
PubMed1988

Prevention of parenting alterations for women with low social support.

Parenting is a demanding role. Traditionally societies provide mechanisms for supporting major caregivers. For most parents the partner relationship is a source of refueling energy. In addition, often the extended family members provide support for the parent(s). In a prior research study dealing with early intervention where the family demonstrated double vulnerability, defined by pregnancy complications and social problems, we found the mothers most resistant to help were women who both had a lot of situational problems and few if any friends or family supporting them (Barnard et al. 1985). This finding prompted us to think about parents who did not have the supportive mechanisms cultures generally provide.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1986

The impact of parental life change on the early development of children.

The effect of parental life change on children's mental and social development was explored in a longitudinal study of 193 families. Data on life changes, social supports, home environment, child development and interactions were obtained in a series of nine interviews from before the child's birth to 48 months after birth. For the sample as a whole, significant negative correlations were obtained between maternal life change in the first year of the child's life, and the child's IQ and receptive language at 4 years. An examination of subgroups revealed, however, that this relationship was strongest for mothers low in both personal coping resources and in social support. Findings suggest that both direct and indirect effects of maternal life change on the child contribute to the observed relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Making a case for studying the ecologic niche of the newborn.

A major focus of theory building in nursing relates to further conceptualization of human-environmental interaction and multidimensional systems that support or do not support health. There is a growing body of knowledge regarding the newborn and his skills, and the transactions and interactions between the newborn and his environment. The newborn cannot be considered in isolation from his environment for it is this interaction with the environment that provides opportunities for organization of his behavior, physiologic functions, and regulatory processes. The caregiving environment and the newborn's interactions with this environment form the ecologic niche of the newborn; one that will enhance or impede the infant's behavioral differentiation and organization, early adaptations, later development, and the infant's interactions with his parents and other caregivers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Supportive measures for high-risk infants and families.

The experience of providing a 3-month nursing program of care to infants and their families with physical, health, and social-environmental risks is presented. An individualized case approach was used which first involved a nursing assessment of the family, infant, and environmental needs and then was followed by subsequent appropriate nursing intervention. Brammer's conceptual model about the helping process was used to assist the analysis of the success or failure experienced in assisting these high-risk families. The differences that emerged were in the mothers' involvement in the exploration phase which involves goal setting. Families with incomplete progression through the helping process not only participated in less mutual decision making, but they were also less open to the initial assessment phase and had higher social risk. The nurses had less total contact with the uninvolved families. A brief description of a subsequent approach to provide effective nursing to a socially high-risk group of pregnant women is given. The approach involves a more extended period of intervention and emphasizes the development of a therapeutic relationship.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

The impact of temporally patterned stimulation on the development of preterm infants.

To test the efficacy of temporally patterned kinesthetic and auditory stimulation for promoting development of infants born prior to term, 88 preterm infants, below 35 weeks gestation, were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental or control groups. Control subjects received regular hospital care; fixed interval subjects received 15 min of rocking/heartbeat stimulation each hour; self-activating subjects received 15 min rocking/heartbeat when inactive for 90 sec, but only for 1 stimulation period per hour. Assessments included measures of neurological functioning, sleep-wake activity, mother-infant interaction, and mental and motor development at 8 and 24 months. All experimental infants, compared to controls, showed decreased rates of activity while in the hospital, fewer abnormal reflexes, and better orienting responses. At 24 months, experimental infants scored significantly higher on the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales. Few differences were found in parent-infant interaction patterns. The results indicate that both temporal patterning and contingent responsiveness in the preterm infant's early environment contribute positively to some aspects of the development of such infants.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Prediction of IQ and language skill from perinatal status, child performance, family characteristics, and mother-infant interaction.

193 basically healthy working-class and middle-class mothers and their infants participated in a 4-year longitudinal study which focused on the relative potency of several clusters of variables for predictions of intellectual and language outcome during the preschool years. The major results were: (1) Measures of perinatal or infant physical status were extremely weak predictors of 4-year IQ or language. (2) Assessments of child performance were poor predictors prior to 24 months, but excellent predictors from 24 months on. (3) Assessments of mother-infant interaction and general environmental quality were among the best predictors at each age tested, and were as good as measures of child performance at 24 and 36 months in predicting IQ and language. (4) Measures of the family ecology (level of stress, social support, maternal education) and parent perception of the child, especially when assessed at birth, were strongly related to child IQ and language within a low-education subsample, but not among mothers with more than high school education. Patterns of prediction were similar for 48-month IQ and 36-month receptive language; predictions were notably weaker for 36-month expressive language.

Child Development↗