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Biomedical subjects

K Deguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Deguchi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Antimicrobial activity of ofloxacin against recent clinical isolates from otitis media and otitis externa].

In order to evaluate the annual changes of susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ofloxacin (OFLX) and 4 control drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained from patients with otitis media and otitis externa during the periods between January and December 1993, and the periods between October 1996 and March 1997. The results are summarized as follows: 1. No annual changes were seen for MIC50 of OFLX, but MIC80 and MIC90 of that rose against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 1993 to 1996. It appears that resistance to OFLX is increasing among these bacteria. Detection frequency of highly resistant strains to OFLX (MIC > 100 micrograms/ml) was lower than to other control drugs. 2. No annual changes were seen of MIC50, MIC80 and MIC90 of OFLX against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), Streptococcus spp., Proteus spp. and Haemophilus influenzae. OFLX showed strong antimicrobial activities against these bacteria. 3. Since there was no large annual changes in the antimicrobial activity of OFLX against clinical isolates that were obtained from patients with otitis media and otitis externa, OFLX otic solution was considered as one of the clinically useful drugs even now.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1997

Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts.

A transcription factor, Cbfa1, which belongs to the runt-domain gene family, is expressed restrictively in fetal development. To elucidate the function of Cbfa1, we generated mice with a mutated Cbfa1 locus. Mice with a homozygous mutation in Cbfa1 died just after birth without breathing. Examination of their skeletal systems showed a complete lack of ossification. Although immature osteoblasts, which expressed alkaline phophatase weakly but not Osteopontin and Osteocalcin, and a few immature osteoclasts appeared at the perichondrial region, neither vascular nor mesenchymal cell invasion was observed in the cartilage. Therefore, our data suggest that both intramembranous and endochondral ossification were completely blocked, owing to the maturational arrest of osteoblasts in the mutant mice, and demonstrate that Cbfa1 plays an essential role in osteogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Enhanced amplitude reduction of somatosensory evoked potentials by voluntary movement in the elderly.

We studied the effects of aging on modification of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) by voluntary movement in 17 aged (66.5 +/- 8.9 years, mean +/- SD) and 12 young normal humans (27.5 +/- 5.0 years). The amplitudes of cortical SEP components were generally larger in the aged group than in the young group. Following isometric contraction of the thenar muscle, the aged group showed significant attenuation of the prerolandic P22-N28-P45 and the postrolandic P24-N30-P45, while the young group only demonstrated significant reduction of the prerolandic P22-N28 amplitude. In the prerolandic N28-P45 and the postrolandic P24-N30 and N30-P45, amplitudes reduced by voluntary movement (gated amplitude) significantly correlated with amplitudes at rest (resting amplitude) and with the age of subjects. The effects of stimulus intensity and frequency on gating supported the correlative changes between gated and resting amplitudes. These results suggest that the magnitude of gating depends on SEP amplitudes at rest, and that augmented gating in the aged group is a result of enlarged SEPs. Since the cervical and Erb's potentials were not changed by movement, and passive movement did not significantly affect the SEPs, a centrifugal mechanism is probably responsible for gating in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The relationship between moyamoya disease and bacterial infection.

To examine the relationship between Moyamoya disease and bacterial infections, authors studied the serum of 85 cases of Moyamoya disease and the influence of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) infection on intracranial arteries in rats. The serum levels of P. acnes antibody, IgM, transferrin (Tf), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) were significantly higher in Moyamoya disease than in normal volunteers. Moyamoya-like changes of the intracranial internal carotid arteries were histopathologically demonstrated in P. acnes infectious rats. These findings suggest that P. acnes and immunological factors might play a role in the pathogenesis of Moyamoya disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Studies on cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection in moyamoya disease.

In this study, measurement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral antibody titers and analysis of both viral genomic sequences using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to clarify the correlation of viral infection and Moyamoya disease. Serum samples were obtained from 64 patients with Moyamoya disease. The ages ranged from 5 to 66 years, with a mean age of 35.1 years. There were 23 males and 41 females. The serum antibody titers to CMV and EBV were measured by means of compliment fixation test and fluorescent antibody method respectively. Those titers of the patients were compared with those of 13 patients of atherosclerotic internal carotid occlusion and 34 normal volunteers. On the other hand, CMV and EBV genomic sequence using PCR, which was utilized with specific primer pairs, were performed in 22 patients of Moyamoya disease and ten normal volunteers. The following results were obtained; The antibody titer of EBV in Moyamoya disease was significantly higher than that in controls. However, no significant difference of antibody titer against CMV was detected. In EBV DNA analysis by use of PCR, EBV DNA was proved in 15 out of 20 patients with Moyamoya disease and four out of nine normal controls. Namely, EBV DNA was seen more frequently in patients with Moyamoya disease, compared with normal controls. In inverse, CMV DNA was not seen in patients with Moyamoya disease nor normal controls. In conclusion, the antibody titer of EBV revealed high levels in Moyamoya disease and EBV DNA was also detected more frequently in patients with Moyamoya disease. These results suggested a possibility that EBV infection might be involved in the pathogenesis of Moyamoya disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Early detection of axonal and neuronal lesions in prenatal-onset periventricular leukomalacia.

The expression of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) immunoreactivity was investigated in 16 cases of prenatal-onset periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). beta-APP positive axons were found in the early stage of prenatal PVL, which included coagulation necrosis, microglial activation, axonal swelling or astrogliosis, but were not detectable in the late stage of prenatal PVL. Furthermore, beta-APP immunoreactive neurons were also observed in the fifth layer of pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex, corresponding to the beta-APP positive axons in PVL. Thus, beta-APP is detected as an early sign of axonal and neuronal lesions in prenatal-onset PVL, and neuronal beta-APP in the cerebral cortex may function to repair cell damage. In addition, prenatal PVL occurred at various stages before birth.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
PubMed1997

Characteristic neuropathology of leukomalacia in extremely low birth weight infants.

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) were examined by neuropathological and immunohistochemical methods. Thirteen ELBW infants of 85 infants with PVL, born at 23 to 27 weeks of gestation, showed a widespread type of distribution of PVL from the deep to intermediate white matter. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes to be increased in the deep white matter, often spreading to the intermediate white matter, in all cases of PVL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-positive cells were found in the deep to intermediate white matter in 69% of PVL cases and appeared earlier, from 23 weeks of gestation, than in controls. beta-Amyloid precursor protein (beta APP)-positive axons were found around PVL in the deep to intermediate white matter in 85% of the cases. In age-matched control ELBW infants, GFAP-, TNF-alpha-, or beta APP-positive cells were never found. Therefore, in ELBW infants, widespread axonal damage and glial activation with cytokine production occur in the progression in characteristic PVL lesions.

Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
PubMed1997

Increased soluble fibrin monomer and soluble thrombomodulin levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We measured the plasma levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC), soluble fibrin monomer (SFM), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and thrombomodulin (TM) in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). There were no significant differences in the hemostatic parameters between the 77 patients with NIDDM and healthy control subjects, although the plasma levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer, TAT, and PPIC in the NIDDM patients were slightly higher than those in the healthy controls. Among the NIDDM patients divided into three groups by the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) level, there was no significant difference in age or sex among the normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria groups, and the HbA1C level in the micro- and macroalbuminuria groups were slightly higher than those in the normoalbuminuria group. There was no significant difference in activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, TAT, PPIC, D-dimer, or t-PA among these three groups. The plasma SFM and TM levels in the macroalbuminuria group were significantly higher than those in the normo- and microalbuminuria groups. The relationships between HbA1C and the hemostatic parameters were poor, but the plasma TM and SFM levels were significantly correlated with the urine albumin index.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fluoroquinolone treatment failure in gonorrhea. Emergence of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with enhanced resistance to fluoroquinolones.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although emergence of clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones and treatment failures in gonorrhea have been reported, there have been no clinical reports that fluoroquinolone treatments actually select quinolone-resistant strains, nor have isolates that exhibited clinically significant resistance been analyzed for resistance mechanisms. GOALS: To report a case of fluoroquinolone treatment failure in gonorrhea and emergence of a posttreatment isolate with enhanced resistance to fluoroquinolones; and to study mechanisms of quinolone resistance in the isolates from this patient. STUDY DESIGN: A patient with gonococcal urethritis treated with ofloxacin, 200 mg, three times daily for 5 days is described. Pretreatment and posttreatment isolates were tested for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents and analyzed for alterations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. They were also examined for ofloxacin uptake. RESULTS: Treatment failure with multiple doses of ofloxacin was observed in this case of gonorrhea. The pretreatment isolate showed decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones (MIC of ofloxacin, 1.0 mg/l; MIC of ciprofloxacin, 0.25 mg/l), and had amino acid changes of Ser-91-->Phe in GyrA and Ser-87-->Ile in ParC. The posttreatment isolate exhibited an increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones (MIC of ofloxacin, 8.0 mg/l; MIC of ciprofloxacin, 1.0 mg/l). This isolate had identical alterations in GyrA and ParC, but exhibited significantly reduced uptake of ofloxacin. This isolate also showed a small decrease in susceptibilities to cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV confer clinically significant resistance to fluoroquinolones in N. gonorrhoeae strains. Treatment with multiple doses of fluoroquinolones is likely to bring about selection of more fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae and to influence susceptibilities to cephalosporins.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Antimicrobial activities of arbekacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of arbekacin (ABK), coagulase-type and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ABK and other drugs were determined against 700 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that were obtained in our laboratory from 1990 to 1996, 7 years. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The MIC-distributions of ABK against 100 strains of MRSA obtained yearly did not show stochastically significant differences. 2. The coagulase-type distributions showed differences over the years. Coagulase-type II strains increased and type IV strains decreased, and MIC-distributions of ABK and other drugs were different according to coagulase-types. 3. The detection frequencies of ABK-resistant strains (MIC of ABK: > or = 12.5 micrograms/ml) were 2.0 approximately 8.0% through the years. The frequency reported in 1980 was equal to the frequency obtained in 1992 approximately 1993 in a nationwide survey. Coagulase-types II, IV and VII that were ABK-resistant strains were frequently obtained, and most of ABK-resistant strains were also highly resistant to gentamicin.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1997

[A case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy associated with antibodies to gangliosides GM1 and GalNAc-GD1a].

In January 1993, a 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for left wrist-drop. Neurological examinations revealed asymmetrical distal weakness in the upper limbs. Deep tendon reflexes were normal in all 4 limbs. Sensory and autonomic nervous functions were intact. CSF examinations were within normal limits. Thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining revealed serum antibodies that reacted with GM1 and GalNAc-GD1a. Motor nerve conduction studies revealed abnormal temporal dispersion, and a low amplitude of compound muscle action potential in the left radial nerve. Neurological symptoms gradually improved with prednisolone over one and a half years. He was hospitalized again in January 1995, because of right wrist-drop and slight sensory loss of the limbs. Those findings were improved by methylprednisolone (1,000 mg/day) for 3 days. The interval until maximal disability in this patient was more than one month for each admission. This case must belong to inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical efficacy in pediatrics sinusitis infections of cefditoren pivoxil granule therapy and its in vitro antibacterial activity against clinically isolated strains].

We investigated the clinical efficacy in pediatrics sinusitis infections of cefditoren pivoxil granule therapy and its in vitro antibacterial activity against clinically isolated strains. The results are summarized as follows. The specimens from 343 patients were cultured and 595 strains of bacteria were isolated and identified. Oral doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg of CDTR-PI were clinically effective at high percentages, 85.1% and 89.5%, respectively, of treated patients. CDTR-PI at 3 mg/kg orally was clinically effective in 80.8% of patients with PCG intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP) infections, 80.0% of those with PCG susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP) infections, 81.8% of those with H. influenzae infections and 78.3% of those with M. (B.) catarrhalis infections among the infections by major causative agents. The frequent isolates included S. pneumoniae accounting for 33.1%, H. influenzae accounting for 32.1%, M. (B.) catarrhalis accounting for 17.6% and S. pyogenes accounting 3.7% of all the isolates. PISP accounted for 16.1% of all the isolates and for 49.8% of the isolates of S. pneumoniae, and were isolated from 28.6% of the 343 patients. The isolation of PISP was frequent from children of 4 and under especially, and especially frequent from those below age 2. Of the isolates of S. pneumoniae, the biotype frequencies among PSSP were in the order of type I > type II > type III, while those among PISP were in the order of type I < type II with none of type III. Bacteriologically, an eradication rate of 89.4% was achieved with 3 mg/kg and 93.5% with 5 mg/kg of CDTR-PI.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil against community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Part II].

We investigated clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil (CEMT-PI) in community-acquired respiratory tract infections and obtained the following findings. That method was approximately equal to that of investigation in 1994. 1. Of the 431 respiratory tract infection cases that were treated with CEMT-PI according to a same protocol at a total of 41 institutions in Tokyo, Kanagawa-ken, Saitama-ken and Chiba-ken from January to the beginning of March 1996. Outpatients accounted for 98.1% of the subjects. Regarding genders to patients, slightly more females (52.6%) than males were included. Diagnoses given to these patients included pharyngo-laryngitis (53.5%), tonsillitis (20.4%) and acute bronchitis (19.1%). 2. We investigated clinical efficacy rates (the ratio of those excellent + good) classified by diseases. The improvement rates of pharyngo-laryngitis, tonsillitis and acute bronchitis were more than 85.0%. Other cases were small in number. That of chronic bronchitis-acute increasing change for the worse was 66.7%, pneumonia was 50.0% and bronchiectasis infection was 16.7%. It was not studied that clinical efficacy rates among those who were treated with 1 CEMT-PI tablet twice and among those who were given 2 tablets twice were significant level. 3. For the bacteriological study, a written material describing the method of collecting specimens, storage and transport in detail was distributed to the above mentioned institutions. The isolation and identification of suspected causative bacteria, determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and investigation of beta-lactamase production were conducted all together at section of studies, Tokyo Clinical Research Center. Suspected causative bacteria were detected from 274 (63.6%) cases. They included 88 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 47 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 42 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 20 strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis and 17 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae. Suspected causative bacteria classified by diseases were S. pyogenes (tonsillitis), S. pneumoniae (acute bronchitis and secondary infection of chronic respiratory infection) and H. influenzae (pharyngo-laryngitis), and the detection frequency of those was high. The clinical efficacies (the ratio of improvement) classified by suspected causative bacteria were 84.4% against organism that was indicating CEMT and were 69.2% against organism that was not indicating CEMT.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin against recent obtained clinical isolates].

In order to evaluate antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin (CAM), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CAM and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained from outpatients in 1994 and 1996. The results are summarized as follows; 1. It was not showed that CAM-resistant strains were increasing among Staphylococcus spp., beta-streptococci, Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It appeared that resistances to CAM and macrolides (MLs) were increasing among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Peptostreptococcus spp. 2. The drug susceptibility patterns to MLs were similar and detection frequencies of induced resistant strains that were resistant to only 14-membered ring MLs including CAM and constitutive resistant strains that were resistant to 14 and 16-membered ring MLs were high among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Peptostreptococcus spp. It appears that MLs-resistance systems are linked to each other, and that this was a cause of increasing MLs-resistance among these bacterial species. 3. Notwithstanding of antibiotic resistance problems, CAM is still useful since it maintains strong antimicrobial activities against M. (B.) catarrhalis, B. pertussis, C. jejuni subsp. jejuni, C. trachomatis and M. pneumoniae, and it controls arginate producing abilities of mucoide strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

[The drug susceptibility pattern of the presumed etiologic agents of infectious enteritis including verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O-157].

The drug susceptibility patterns were investigated for verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) including O-157, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni that were obtained in and after July 1996. The results are summarized as follows; 1. We found highly resistant strains of VTEC to tetracycline (TC) and ampicillin (ABPC). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of some of the drugs against VTEC in an aerobic condition were significantly different from those in an anaerobic condition. For example, aerobic.anaerobic MIC ranges of the drugs tested were as follows: chroramphenicol (CP): 1.56-3.13 micrograms/ml.0.78-1.56 micrograms/ml, TC: 1.56-> 100 micrograms/ml.0.78-> 100 micrograms/ml, minocycline (MINO): 1.56-12.5 micrograms/ml.0.78-3.13 micrograms/ml, kanamycin (KM): 3.13-6.25 micrograms/ml.25-100 micrograms/ml, fosfomycin (FOM): 3.13-25 micrograms/ml.0.78-6.25 micrograms/ml, norfloxacin (NFLX): < or = 0.025-0.2 microgram/ml.< or = 0.025-0.2 microgram/ml, ABPC: 1.56-> 100 micrograms/ml.0.78-> 100 micrograms/ml and cefaclor (CCL): 1.56-25 micrograms/ml.56-12.5 micrograms/ml. MICs of CP and tetracyclines (TCs) in an anaerobic condition were lower by twofold and the MIC of FOM was lower by fourfold, but the variabilities of MIC-ranges of NFLX, ABPC and CCL were small. The MIC of KM was high. 2. We observed that some of Salmonella spp. were highly resistant to CP, TCs and MINO, and some were moderately resistant to NFLX. 3. The detection frequency of TC-resistant strains and NFLX-insensitive or resistant strains were high among C. jejuni subsp. jejuni. 4. Strains of V. parahaemolyticus and C. jejuni subsp. jejuni were mostly resistant to ABPC and CCL, MICs of which were in high ranges. 5. Fecal concentrations in MINO, KM, FOM and NFLX reported in literatures are high enough to have some antimicrobial activities, leed dose of ABPC and CCL are quite low.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1997

[Antimicrobial activities of clindamycin against clinical isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae].

We investigated antimicrobial activity of clindamycin (CLDM) against clinically isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1996. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The detection frequencies of macrolides (MLs)-resistance against penicillin (PC)-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP) was 48.0% and those against PC-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP)/ PC-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) was 92.0%. 2. It was found that the ratio of MLs-inducible resistant strains of PSSP was 24.6% and that of PISP/PRSP was 66.0%. MLs-constitutive resistant strains of PSSP accounted for 24.0% and that of PISP/PRSP for 26.0%. MLs-constitutive resistant strains was relatively frequent in PSSP and MLs-inducible resistant strains was frequent in PISP/PRSP. 3. CLDM showed strong antimicrobial activity against MLs-inducible resistant strains. The MIC70 of CLDM against PSSP was < or = 0.025 microgram/ml and that against PISP/PRSP was 0.1 microgram/ml. From these results, it was suggested that CLDM is effective against the infection of PISP/PRSP where the detection frequency of MLs-inducible strains was high. 4. Antimicrobial activity of CLDM was found to be strong against MLs-inducible resistant strains, but to be weak against MLs-constitutive resistant strains. When S. pneumoniae is detected, susceptibility of the strain to CLDM should be examined.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Significance of cognitive function in the elicitation of sympathetic skin response in healthy humans.

The sympathetic skin response (SSR) is used as an index of sudomotor sympathetic function. However, the central processing of this response is not fully understood. To clarify this point, we assessed the relevance of cognitive function in the elicitation of SSR in 14 healthy subjects by recording simultaneously the somatosensory event-related potential (ERP) and SSR evoked by electric stimuli. The ERP paradigm consisted of three types of stimuli, task-relevant target, task-irrelevant electric shock which is equivalent to the common stimulus for eliciting SSR, and task-irrelevant standard stimuli. ERPs were recorded at Fz, Cz, and Pz on the scalp, SSRs were recorded in both palms and soles of the subject after each stimulus in the ERP paradigm. Target stimuli generated a P300 (P3b) and elicited a variety of SSRs from subject to subject. Electric shock stimuli generated a novelty P300 with a shorter peak latency and a higher amplitude than the P3b, with stable elicitation of SSR in the four limbs of all subjects. P300 amplitude showed a significant positive correlation with SSR amplitude with electric shock stimuli. This correlation predominated in the frontal region (Fz), as compared with the parietal region (Pz). A negative correlation between P300 latency and SSR amplitude with electric shock stimuli was also observed. These findings indicate that the elicitation of SSR is influenced by the generation of novelty P300, that is, cognitive function. The frontal region may play a key role in the elicitation of SSR. We believe that the assessment of novelty P300 is required for a precise interpretation of the SSR.

Adult↗