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Biomedical subjects

K Danno

Publications and source records attributed to K Danno.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Increased serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen in pemphigus.

Serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC-RAG) were measured in five cases of pemphigus, five cases of bullous pemphigoid and 18 cases of benign and malignant dermatoses other than SCC. The SCC-RAG titres were significantly raised in four of five patients with pemphigus, while they remained within the normal range in the other dermatoses except in one case. In three pemphigus cases in whom serial measurements were made, SCC-RAG levels seemed to be related to disease activity. The SCC-RAG levels in blister fluids were much higher than those in serum, suggesting that the skin is a major source of serum SCC-RAG. These results show that SCC-RAG is increased not only in SCC, but also in some cases of pemphigus, and suggest that pemphigus antibodies may cause the production or release of SCC-RAG.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1988

Epidermolytic hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma. Histologic, ultrastructural, protein-chemical, and DNA analyses in two patients.

Two cases of epidermolytic hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma were studied by histologic, ultrastructural, protein-chemical, and genetic methods. Histologically, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis was seen at the spinous and granular layers. Electron microscopy showed the aggregation of tonofibrils and an early appearance of keratohyaline granules as well as vacuolar formation in the epidermal cells. Some of these morphologic abnormalities were detected even in the basal cells. The decrease of 67-kilodalton (kd) keratin and the appearance of 48-kd keratin were noted by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Genetic analysis of the keratin gene family using 67-kd keratin complementary DNA by Southern blot analysis revealed the conserved gene organization of the 67-kd keratin gene. These findings suggest that undetermined regulatory abnormalities of keratinization, but not the gene structure itself, may be causative factors of this rare disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B on distribution of concanavalin A receptors in isolated and cultured guinea pig epidermal cells.

Regulation of the distribution of concanavalin A (Con A)/receptor complexes by the cytoskeletal contracture system was studied in guinea pig epidermal cells in suspension and culture using the fluorescence double staining method. After treatment with 100 micrograms/ml of Con A at 37 degrees C for 30 min lectin/receptor complexes were endocytosed by the less-differentiated cells in suspension and by the adherent cells in 1- and 3-day cultures that represent a growing cell fraction. The same treatment resulted in diffuse surface distribution of the complexes in the well-differentiated cells in suspension. Colchicine (10(-5) and 10(-6) M) inhibited internalization of the complexes with resultant diffuse distribution in 60% of the adherent cells in culture. Cytochalasin B (5 and 10 micrograms/ml) not only inhibited endocytosis but promoted formation of surface patchy clumps of the complexes in suspended, less-differentiated cells and cultured adherent cells. The distribution profile was not influenced by these drug treatments in the well-differentiated cells. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of 125I-labelled epidermal membranes revealed several Con A-reactive polypeptides common to the cells at various differentiation steps. The progressive decrease in endocytosis and mobility of Con A/receptor complexes was suggested to occur with differentiation. In the germinative cells the distribution of lectin/receptor complexes seemed to be regulated by microfilaments and microtubules.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Significance of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-related antigens in cutaneous SCC. A preliminary report.

The serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-related antigens (SCC-RAG) were assayed, utilizing the radioimmunoassay kit, in six patients with cutaneous SCC, two patients with Bowen's disease, 18 patients with other benign and malignant dermatoses, and six normal subjects. The SCC-RAG titers were significantly high in three patients with invasive SCC in whom primary tumors were either comparatively large or were associated with metastatic lesions, while they remained within the normal limit in patients with smaller-sized, nonmetastatic SCC, Bowen's disease, other non-SCC dermatoses, and in normal control subjects. The SCC-RAG titers, therefore, provided a useful tumor marker for cutaneous SCC, particularly in advanced stages. In such cases, the values were clearly correlated with tumor behaviors in response to or against treatments and with the development of metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Histogenesis of UV light-induced blister formation.

Histological examination of ultraviolet light (UVL)-induced blister formation in guinea pig skin is reported. Light and electron-microscopic examination was performed on skin exposed to single and multiple exposures of a large dose of UVB. In light microscopy, intracellular edema was prominent, especially in the lower part of the epidermis, where it developed into a blister. It seemed to be a subepidermal bulla. The PAS-positive basement membrane was observed at the floor of the blister. The positive Nikolsky's sign seemed to be due to a separation between the degenerated and regenerated epidermis. Electron microscopy revealed a marked intercellular as well as intracellular edema and well-preserved desmosomes. The basal lamina was always located at the floor of the blister. The difference in UVL-induced blister formation between normal and pathological conditions is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ear swelling in response to UVB irradiation.

The skin response to UVB irradiation in mice was evaluated by means of ear swelling. ICR albino mice were irradiated with 500 mJ/cm2 UVB and the effect of various drugs on ear swelling was examined 24 h after irradiation. Intravenous injections of betamethasone (0.8 microgram/g body wt.) or indomethacin (24 micrograms/g) remarkably inhibited ear swelling, whereas intraperitoneal injections of diphenhydramine (20 micrograms/g), cimetidine (10 micrograms/g), or a combination of both these antihistamines did not. In contrast, the number of sunburn cells counted 24 h after UVB irradiation (200 mJ/cm2) in mouse ears was not affected by these drugs. The amount of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in mice ears at various intervals after irradiation with 500 mJ/cm2 UVB was determined by radioimmunoassay. Compared with the values before irradiation, the PGD2 levels were significantly higher 3 and 6 h after irradiation and gradually decreased and returned to the basal level by 12 h, although ear swelling continued after 12 h. These results suggest that prostaglandins are responsible at least in part for the development of ear swelling, but not for sunburn cell formation induced by UVB, and that ear swelling represents a simple and useful response model for the rapid in vivo screening of nonsteroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ultraviolet-B radiation suppresses mast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of middle-wave ultraviolet (UVB) radiation on mast cell functions using mouse ear skin as an in vivo model. Groups of UVB-irradiated BALB/c mice were given an intradermal injection of the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 into ears at various time intervals (30 min-7 days) after a single exposure to a bank of fluorescent sunlamp tubes (10-100 mJ/cm2). Both the compound-evoked ear swelling response (ESR) and mast cell degranulation were significantly suppressed by preexposure to UVB (25-100 mJ/cm2) after 0 (30 min) to 3 days postirradiation, with a subsequent recovery by day 7. No such effects were observed in mice irradiated with 10 mJ/cm2. The ESR induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine was not significantly affected by UVB radiation during the experimental period. While within this dose range UV radiation itself caused neither loss of mast cell counts nor a measurable degree of degranulation in ear skin, exposure to larger amounts of UV energy (200-500 mJ/cm2) produced tremendous ear swelling with histologic features of mast cell degranulation in an early phase of inflammation. The results suggest that UVB radiation exerts a dual effect on mast cells and that administration of smaller amounts of UVB may alter the mast cell/vasoactive amine system, suppressing ear swelling in response to the degranulator. Vascular reactivities to vasoactive amines were not affected by UVB irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of 8-methoxypsoralen plus long-wave ultraviolet (PUVA) radiation on mast cells. II. In vitro PUVA inhibits degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80.

Rat peritoneal mast cells incubated with a histamine liberator, compound 48/80, showed a significantly reduced capacity for releasing histamine following in vitro treatment with 0.1 micrograms/ml of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus 1-5 J/cm2 of long-wave ultraviolet (UVA) irradiation (PUVA). No remarkable inhibition in histamine release was observed in the cells treated with 8-MOP only. Irradiation with 5 J/cm2 of UVA alone exerted an inhibitory effect on histamine release, to a lesser extent than PUVA. PUVA irradiation did not bring any decrease in cell viability or any spontaneous release of histamine from irradiated cells as shown by phase-contrast microscopy and by histamine assay, respectively. These results suggest that PUVA treatment may cause a noncytotoxic disturbance at mast cell membranes or on surface receptors, leading to a decreased capacity for secreting chemical mediators.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

PUVA irradiation restores altered binding patterns of lectins in psoriatic epidermis.

We examined a series of biopsy specimens obtained from lesional skin in five psoriatic patients receiving topical PUVA treatment to see the effect of PUVA on epidermal cell membrane glycoconjugates by fluorescent staining techniques using lectins as surface markers. In psoriatic epidermis, Ulex europaeus agglutinin and Concanavalin A depicted only cytoplasmic patterns and did not show the plasma membrane fluorescence that was normally seen in nonpsoriatic skin. Following PUVA treatment, these altered staining patterns gradually normalized, with the appearance of the plasma membrane fluorescence. Restoration of the membrane staining tended to precede improvement in clinical and histologic features of psoriasis, suggesting that normalization of the altered profiles of membrane glycoconjugates is one of the beneficial effects of PUVA irradiation on psoriatic epidermis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Colloid body formation in bullous pemphigoid.

Thirty-eight biopsy specimens from 18 cases of bullous pemphigoid (BP) were observed using direct immunofluorescence (IF) techniques with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled antisera against human serum factors. In addition to deposits of immunoglobulins and serum components at the basement-membrane zone (BMZ), 15 specimens from eight cases displayed homogeneous and globular fluorescent bodies in the uppermost dermis and/or the blisters when FITC-labelled antisera to human IgM and other serum factors were used. Using immunoperoxidase staining, haematoxylin/eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, these immunoglobulin and/or complement-positive cell-sized bodies were shown to be slightly eosinophilic and PAS positive. Electron microscopy revealed entangled networks of microfilaments approximately 7-8 nm in diameter. These homogeneous, fibrillar bodies were histologically, immunohistologically and ultrastructurally indistinguishable from the colloid bodies found in lesional skins of lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis and several other dermatoses. In BP, degenerated keratinocytes adjacent to the blister roof, may, after undergoing a filamentous change, drop off into the dermis and subsequently form homogeneous, fibrillar bodies in the uppermost dermis when reepithelization is completed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice.

The effect of UV irradiation on the skin was investigated in (WB-W/+) X (C57BL/6J-Wv/+)F1-W/Wv mice, which are genetically deficient in tissue mast cells. Their congenic littermates (+/+) and normal albino mice (ICR or BALB/c) were used as controls. Mice were irradiated with 500 mJ/cm2 of UVB and the increment of ear thickness was measured before and 6, 12, and 24 h after irradiation. Ear swelling in W/Wv mice at 12 and 24 h after irradiation was significantly smaller than that in +/+ and ICR mice. In contrast, the number of sunburn cells formed 24 h after UVB irradiation (200 or 500 mJ/cm2) was similar in W/Wv, +/+ and ICR mice. On the other hand, when mice were treated with 8-methoxy-psoralen (0.5%) plus UVA irradiation (4 J/cm2) (topical PUVA), ears of W/Wv and BALB/c mice, which were both white in color, were thickened similarly 72 h after treatment, but less swelling was observed in +/+ mice, which were black in skin color. The amount of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in ears, determined by radioimmunoassay specific for PGD2, was elevated 3-fold in +/+ and ICR mice at 3 h after irradiation with 500 mJ/cm2 of UVB in comparison with basal level without irradiation. However, such elevation was not observed in W/Wv mice. These results suggest that mast cells play an important role in UVB-induced inflammation, and PGs from mast cells are responsible at least in part for the development of this reaction. However, neither mast cells nor PGs contribute to the sunburn cell formation and ear swelling response by PUVA treatment.

Animals↗