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Biomedical subjects

K Dahlander

Publications and source records attributed to K Dahlander.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Ultrasonic thickness of the endometrium correlated to body weight in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and significance of an endometrial thickness of 5 mm or greater measured by ultrasound in postmenopausal women without vaginal bleeding. METHODS: Three hundred asymptomatic postmenopausal women scheduled for cervical cancer screening were also examined by transvaginal ultrasound. When the endometrium was 5 mm thick or greater, ultrasound was repeated every third month. Curettage was performed at the end of the study or if endometrial growth or vaginal bleeding occurred. RESULTS: The mean (+/- standard deviation) endometrial thickness was 2.3 +/- 1.8 mm (range 0-10). In women with endometrium measuring less than 5 mm, the endometrial thickness correlated to body weight. The endometrium measured 5 mm or more in 22 women, who were followed with ultrasound for 1-25 months. Body weight and body mass index (BMI) were higher in women with a thick endometrium. Serum levels of estrone, estradiol, FSH, and LH differed from those in women with normal ultrasound findings. Curettage revealed no case of malignancy. Fourteen cases of benign ovarian lesions were also diagnosed, and only one case of pelvic fluid was found (in a patient with liver cirrhosis). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of a thick endometrium was high in asymptomatic women, and endometrial thickness correlated with BMI.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The significance of group B streptococci in neonatal pneumonia.

Thirty-eight infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit because of pneumonia (14 patients) and pulmonary maladaption syndrome (PMA) (24 patients) were included in the study. Samples of potentially pathogenic, facultatively anaerobic bacteria were taken from the external ear, blood, throat, nasopharynx, umbilicus and gastric aspirates of the children, and from urethra and cervix of the mothers. Group B streptococci (GBS) and Escherichia coli were the only potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from the infants. Out of 14 infants with pneumonia 11 (79%) harboured one of these bacteria, in contrast to 3 out of 24 (13%) with PMA (P less than 0.001). GBS was found in 8/14 infants with pneumonia and in 1/24 infants with PMA (P less than 0.001). The respective frequencies for Escherichia coli were 3/14 and 2/24 (not significant). The infant and/or the mother in 10/14 pneumonia cases harboured GBS, in contrast to 4/24 pairs in the PMA group (P less than 0.001). The levels of antibodies against GBS in sera of mothers to infants with pneumonia did not differ from the antibody levels in control sera (parturient GBS-carriers giving birth to healthy infants). The results gave evidence for an important manifestation of neonatal GBS-infection: pneumonia without septicemia. The incidence of the disease is estimated to be 1:25 parturient GBS-carriers. Finally, maternal fever, gestational age above 42 weeks, more severe respiratory difficulties and the occurrence of severe changes in fetal heart rate during the first stage of labour were found to be typical characteristics of pneumonia, as compared to PMA.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1982

Relation between neonatal pneumonia and maternal carriage of group B streptococci.

Obstetrical and neonatal complications were studied among 143 urogenital carriers of group B streptococci (GBS) and their 144 infants and compared with complications occurring in a control group of 157 pregnant non-carriers and their 158 infants. All parturients had experienced uncomplicated pregnancies until week 36. 26 infants, 13 from each group, were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit for treatment and observation within the first 7 days of life. Among these infants, 11/13 infants of GBS carriers contracted pneumonia and pulmonary adaptation syndrome, in contrast to 3/13 infants of non-carriers (p less than 0.05). The GBS carrier infants transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit had higher birth weights and higher gestational ages. Within the group of infants born to GBS carriers, those with pulmonary diseases evidenced abnormal fetal heart rate changes during labour in a higher rate than in the controls. Puerperal endometritis occurred with a significantly higher frequency among the GBS carriers (7/143) than among the non-carriers (0/157). Maternal carriage of GBS is a high risk factor for both the mother and her newborn, also after an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Obstetrical care in future pregnancies after fetal loss in group B streptococcal septicemia. A prevention program based on bacteriological and immunological follow-up.

Among 22 mothers of infants infected with group B streptococci (GBS), 19 showed markedly low levels of antibodies against the infecting type. Three of the patients with low antibody levels went through a new pregnancy within 1 yr after they had lost an infant (2 patients) or experienced fetal death due to GBS (1 patient). They were still urogenital carriers of the type of GBS causing the previous infection, and their serum levels of type-specific antibodies remained low. All three went through a successful pregnancy following a prevention program comprising antibiotic treatment from the 28th wk of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Colonization of newborns with group B streptococci: relation to maternal urogenital carriage.

Urethral and cervical specimens were obtained from 786 parturients during labour. 126 women (16%) were found to be urogenital carriers of group B streptococci (GBS). Bacteriological specimens were also obtained from the throat, umbilicus and external auditory canal of their 786 infants immediately after birth, and from 671 of the infants staying at the maternity unit 4 days later. 51% (64/126) of the infants born to GBS carriers were culture-positive for GBS immediately after birth. Only 27% (6/22) of the infants born to women who were GBS culture-positive in the urethra but not in the cervix contracted GBS at the delivery, in contrast to 59% (58/85) of the infants born to combined urethral and cervical carriers (P less than 0.05). This difference in colonization rate was not related to differences in levels of antibodies to the type of GBS carried by the individual parturient. On day 4, 13% (90/671) of the infants in the maternity unit were colonized with GBS. 39% of them were colonized at birth from their mother, 12% were culture negative at birth but had become colonized by day 4 with the same type of GBS as that isolated from the urogenital tract of the mother, and 37% were GBS positive on day 4 but culture-negative at birth and the mother's specimens did not reveal GBS. The distribution of serotypes among these infants was identical with that found among the other colonized infants, indicating that they might have contracted their GBS from the other infants in the maternity unit.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1981

Quantitation of antibodies against group B streptococci, Types Ia, Ib and III in sera from different groups of individuals: high antibody levels in sera from venereal disease clinic patients.

Sera from 3 groups of individuals were investigated for antibodies to group B streptococci (GBS) types Ia, Ib and III using radiolabelled protein A: 45 girls, aged 1 to 12 years; 123 non-pregnant gynecological outpatients, aged 15 to 42 years; and 96 female venereological disease (VD) clinic patients, aged 15 to 54 years. The two groups of adults had higher antibody levels against type Ia than the girls, while no difference was found between the two adult groups in this respect. On the other hand, the VD patients had higher levels of antibodies against type Ib than the girls and the gynecological patients; the gynecological patients did not differ from the girls as regards anti-Ib antibodies. The antibody levels against type III were higher among the VD clinic patients than among the gynecological patients, who in turn had higher levels than the girls. Thus, the adults showed higher levels of antibodies against 2 of the 3 GBS types than did the girls. Furthermore, the VD clinic patients had higher levels against 2 of the 3 GBS types than the gynecological patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Quantitation of serum antibodies to surface antigens of group B streptococci types Ia, Ib, and III: low antibody levels in mothers of neonatally infected infants.

A method has been developed for the detection in human sera of antibodies to surface antigens of group B streptococci (GBS), types Ia, Ib, or III. The sera were absorbed with GBS type II and then added to a suspension of GBS of the type against which antibodies were to be measured. After incubation and washing of the bacteria, the antibodies present on the surface of the cells were quantitated with radiolabelled protein A. Antibodies of IgG class were detected, probably specific for types Ia, Ib, or III, with the exception that the Ib GBS suspension used could detect some antibodies to type Ia. With this method it was found that 6/7 mothers to infants with GBS septicemia had low levels of serum antibodies to the infant's type of GBS. Urogenital carriers of GBS, giving birth to neonatally healthy infants, had higher serum antibody levels against the colonizing type.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Relation between maternal urogenital carriage of group B streptococci and postmaturity and intrauterine asphyxia during delivery.

The obstetrical significance of maternal urogenital carriage of group B streptococci (GBS) was investigated in a prospective study comprising 799 parturients and their infants. 128 mothers were GBS carriers. Fetal heart rate recording showing abnormal baseline frequency and concomitant late decelerations during delivery were found in 6 infants born of GBS carriers (5%) and in 7 (1%) of non-carriers (P < 0.01). The pH of fetal blood was determined in 14 (11%) GBS carriers and in 53 (8%) non-carriers. 6/14 (43%) infants of GBS carriers had pH values below 7.20, in contrast to 4/53 (8%) of the non-carrier group (P < 0.01). Mothers of infants showing signs of intrauterine asphyxia had the same amount of antibodies to GBS as mothers of infants without signs of asphyxia. Among the GBS carriers, 11/128 (9%) were delivered later than the 42nd week of pregnancy. A smaller proportion of non-carriers, 21/671 (3%), were delivered postterm (P < 0.01).

Antibodies, Bacterial↗