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Biomedical subjects

K D Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to K D Rogers.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of adenoidectomy in recurrent otitis media. Historical overview and preliminary results from a randomized, controlled trial.

Adenoidectomy is well established as a procedure for treating children with recurrent or persistent otitis media. Many physicians also believe that when adenoidectomy is undertaken for otitis media, tonsillectomy also should be done routinely. Thus otitis media serves as the justification for a substantial proportion of the tonsil and adenoid operations carried out on children. Nonetheless, evidence supporting the efficacy of adenoidectomy, or tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A), for otitis media is scant and inconclusive. Only six prospective studies have been reported, and in all but two of them, the combination of adenoidectomy with tonsillectomy, rather than adenoidectomy alone, was tested. The results were contradictory, perhaps because of all the studies contained flaws in design or methodology or both. Whether adenoidectomy or T&A are efficacious remains entirely uncertain. We are attempting to address the question currently in a prospective study in which children considered at high risk for otitis media are entered into a randomized, controlled clinical trial of adenoidectomy. The trial is complicated by the need to take adequate account of subject variables such as age, sex, adenoid size, and the presence or absence of allergy, and of the important treatment variables of concomitant myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion. Outcome measurements employed in the trial include the number of episodes per year of acute otitis media, the persistence of middle ear effusion, and the frequency of subsequent myringotomy. Data thus far collected in the study are not sufficient to reach a conclusion for or against the efficacy of adenoidectomy for otitis media, but it is apparent that adenoidectomy by no means eliminates the problem.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

X-ray field collimation in diagnostic radiology.

A comprehensive study of radiographic practice within radiodiagnostic departments throughout Wales is currently being carried out under the auspices of the College of Radiographers and the Royal College of Radiologists. This paper reports on collimation practices observed in more than 2000 individual patient radiographs involving seven types of examination. Film dimensions are compared to those of the X-ray field and the unnecessary irradiation of radiosensitive organs consequent upon inappropriate collimation is considered. The suitability of film sizes frequently chosen for particular projections is also examined.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease on the Navajo reservation, 1962-77.

The occurrence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) among Navajos was ascertained for the period from 1962 through 1977 by means of hospital discharge diagnoses and patients' charts. The annualized attack rate for ARF was 12.4 per 100,000 population, with no clear evidence of an overall secular trend. The proportion of recurrences (19.6 percent) and clinical features were similar to those reported elsewhere, but no seasonal variation in attack rates was noted. Between 1962-71 and 1972-77, the age of RHD patients increased, suggesting few newly diagnosed cases and the aging of known patients. A streptococcal disease control program was instituted in many Navajo elementary schools before 1975. In the program, throat cultures were performed routinely for some asymptomatic children and for all symptomatic children. During the subsequent 3 years, ARF rates declined from 13.5 to 8.2 per 100,000 in areas covered by the program, while in the noncovered areas the rates showed little change-9.5 to 10.1 per 100,000.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial meningitis in Navojo Indians.

An analysis of 219 confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis among Navajo Indians during a 5-year period, July 1, 1968, through June 30, 1973, revealed that 56 percent were caused by Haemophilus influenzae, 26 percent by Neisseria meningitidis, 6 percent by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 6 percent by other organisms. The annual incidence of H. influenzae meningitis (17.7 per 100,000 persons) and that of pneumococcal meningitis (8.0 per 100,000) were much higher than the rates for these diseases reported from other population groups. The annual incidence of meningococcal meningitis (2.0 per 100,000) was similar to that found elsewhere. There was an ususual concentration of cases during the first year of life; 78 percent of H. influenzae, 64 percent of pneumococcal, and 50 percent of meningococcal meningitis occurred during this time. However, bacterial meningitis during the first month of life was not frequent (0.29 per 1,000 live births). Case fatality rates were similar to those reported for other population groups.

Adolescent↗