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Biomedical subjects

K D Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to K D Rogers.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Neonatal characteristics of maltreated infants and children.

We compared selected neonatal characteristics of 40 children who were abused and neglected (34) or who failed to thrive (six) and 40 nonabused, thriving children individually matched by hospital of birth, gender, mother's welfare status, race, and age at which abuse or failure to thrive was manifested. The populations were preponderantly lower-class, black, and male. The following characteristics were overrepresented in the study population: birth order second or later, low birth weight, admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, and discharged from hospital after mother. The higher incidence of full-term infants who were small for gestational age for the study population (20%) than for the control population (3%) was of borderline significance. The lower distribution of birth weights in relation to expected birth weights for the full-term study subjects, however, was highly significant.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1984

Efficacy of tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infection in severely affected children. Results of parallel randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials.

We studied the efficacy of tonsillectomy, or tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy, in 187 children severely affected with recurrent throat infection. Ninety-one of the children were assigned randomly to either surgical or nonsurgical treatment groups, and 96 were assigned according to parental preference. In both the randomized and nonrandomized trials, the effects of tonsillectomy and of tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy were similar. By various measures, the incidence of throat infection during the first two years of follow-up was significantly lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the surgical groups than in the corresponding nonsurgical groups. Third-year differences, although in most cases not significant, also consistently favored the surgical groups. On the other hand, in each follow-up year many subjects in the nonsurgical groups had fewer than three episodes of infection, and most episodes among subjects in the nonsurgical groups were mild. Of the 95 subjects treated with surgery, 13 (14 per cent) had surgery-related complications, all of which were readily managed or self-limited. These results warrant the election of tonsillectomy for children meeting the trials' stringent eligibility criteria, but also provide support for nonsurgical management. Treatment for such children must therefore be individualized.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1984

A community medicine clerkship on the Navajo Indian reservation.

An elective clerkship in community medicine for medical students has been conducted for 16 years on the Navajo Indian reservation. An important part of the clerkship is a project in which most students select a health problem which they investigate using epidemiological methods of assessment and for which they seek a solution. The requisites for the projects are that real health problems are involved, scientifically sound methods are used, usable information is provided, and data collection can be completed within the clerkship tenure. Topics for the projects are selected jointly by the students and the faculty members from several general subject areas; this allows the work of individual students to be carried out as independent subprojects of larger projects, and this, in turn, produces more information about and has more impact on the problems addressed. Other clerkship objectives also are achieved through investigative projects that may involve students in planning, organization, and evaluation of health care and in public health practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Lack of efficacy of a decongestant-antihistamine combination for otitis media with effusion ("secretory" otitis media) in children. Results of a double-blind, randomized trial.

In a double-blind, randomized trial of 553 infants and children who had otitis media with effusion ("secretory" otitis media), we compared the efficacy of a four-week course of an oral decongestant-antihistamine combination (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 4 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, and chlorpheniramine maleate, 0.35 mg per kilogram per day) with that of placebo. Among patients with initially unilateral disease, resolution of middle-ear effusion occurred at four weeks in 38 per cent of those treated with placebo and 34 per cent of those treated with drug (P = 0.74). Among patients with initially bilateral disease the corresponding proportions were 19 and 21 per cent, respectively (P = 0.67). Side effects were reported more often among drug-treated than placebo-treated patients. Decongestant-antihistamine combinations do not appear to be indicated for the treatment of otitis media with effusion in infants and children.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Injuries in high school physical education classes.

Suburban high school pupils participating in physical education classes sustained 3.6 injuries per 100 participants per year that were noted on official school accident reports, and 5.4 injuries per 100 for which pupils visited the school nurse. These latter injuries were minor. The official school accident reports indicated that injuries occurred at approximately equal rates in boys and girls; most were due to accidents that did not involve another participant or a piece of sports equipment, and, although usually not severe, were referred by the school nurse for further evaluation or treatment in some cases. Sprains were the most common type of injury and the ankle was the most commonly injured area. No particular set of conditions was identified wherein preventive measures could be taken to decrease the injury rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Racial differences in intraocular tension and glaucoma surgery.

A total of 4678 persons participated in an Allegheny County, Pennsylvania glaucoma screening program in 1977. Black participants had higher mean intraocular pressures, more frequent pathologic disc changes and more new cases of glaucoma discovered than a sample of white participants matched for sex and age. The same year, in a younger population of 2127 health center employees, the higher prevalence of pathologic disc changes was confirmed, although differences in mean intraocular pressures were variable. Blacks accounted for 23% of hospitalizations for chronic open-angle glaucoma during a three-year period (1975-1977) in 10 Pennsylvania counties, rather than the expected 6.3%. Among those hospitalized for open-angle glaucoma or having anterior chamber surgery, blacks were younger than whites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Age, sex, and season of onset of juvenile diabetes in different geographic areas.

Age, sex, and estimated time of onset of insulin-dependent diabetes were determined for children in Pittsburgh (N = 673), Gainesville (N = 976), Galveston (n = 741), and Melbourne (N = 851). The US cities had a decrease in new cases during the summer and peak incidence in January through April. In Melbourne, monthly trends were reversed: there were more cases during May through August. In US cities, but not in Melbourne, children less than 6 years old showed a greater variation by season than children 6 years old and older. Observations of the same fall and winter onset (in different calendar months) of insulin-dependent diabetes in Australia and the United States, and exaggeration of seasonal differences in young US children, suggest that onset of insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with seasonally varying viral diseases. Mumps and rubella infections do not seem to be responsible for much of the seasonal variation. Seasonal peaks of mumps and rubella are later than those observed for insulin-dependent diabetes, and immunization with live mumps and rubella viruses has not been associated with changes in incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes. An increase in disease incidence in boys over girls below age 6 years and in girls over boys at ages 6 through 11 years was consistently observed but not explained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

History of recurrent sore throat as an indication for tonsillectomy. Predictive limitations of histories that are undocumented.

As part of a prospective study of indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, we followed closely 65 children with histories of recurrent throat infection that seemed impressive (at least seven episodes in one year, five in each of two consecutive years or three in each of three consecutive years), but lacked documentation. During the first year of observation, only 11 children (17 per cent) had episodes of throat infection with clinical features and patterns of frequency conforming to those described in their presenting histories. Of the remaining 54 children, 43 (80 per cent) experienced no, one or two observed episodes each, and most of the episodes were mild. We conclude that undocumented histories of recurrent throat infection do not validly forecast subsequent experience and hence do not constitute an adequate basis for subjecting children to tonsillectomy.

Adenoidectomy↗