Biomedical subjects

K D Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to K D Phillips.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Extrapunitive and intropunitive anger of HIV caregivers: nursing implications.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the anger of individuals who have provided direct patient care to loved ones who are living with or who have died from AIDS. The sample consisted of eight individuals who are currently involved in an AIDS service organization in northeast Tennessee. Data were collected using semistructured taped interviews. At the beginning of the study, two group interviews were conducted. Subsequently, each of the participants was interviewed privately. Extrapunitive and intropunitive anger were predominant themes in each of the interviews. Participants also reported ways of coping with their anger. Nurses can suggest these strategies to other caregivers who are experiencing anger. Recommendations for additional nursing interventions are offered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Protease inhibitors: a new weapon and a new strategy against HIV.

Until recently, reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been the mainstay for treating HIV infection. Now, three protease inhibitors have been approved. Early evidence suggests that triple therapy delays the progression of HIV infection. An understanding of these new drugs and treatment strategies is imperative for clinicians. This article (1) reviews HIV's structure and replication process, (2) discusses currently approved reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors, (3) describes the antiretroviral drugs' modes of action, (4) discusses important nursing implications for monitoring clients on these drugs, and (5) presents current scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of combination therapy strategies.

Disease Progression↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge and risk behaviors of people seeking HIV antibody testing at a community site.

People seeking HIV antibody testing at a community-based AIDS service organization (N = 342) were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire to determine knowledge of HIV transmission, source(s) of HIV-related knowledge, and recent risk behaviors. The overall knowledge level of risk for transmitting HIV associated with 16 related behaviors was relatively high. Yet, 69% of the participants reported engaging in unsafe sex during the previous six months. Poorly informed subjects tended to overestimate their level of knowledge. In a multiple regression analysis, knowledge, age, and gender were the only significantly predictors of engaging in unsafe sex in this cohort. Nurses must be on the forefront in developing (1) strategies to reach people at high risk for HIV infection and HIV transmission, (2) culturally relevant and sensitive education, and (3) interventions that will enable people to make appropriate choices concerning high-risk behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Issues of women dually diagnosed with HIV infection and substance use problems in the Carolinas.

A growing number of women are being dually diagnosed with HIV infection and substance use problems. Forty-two percent of all women diagnosed with AIDS have been infected through injection drug use. Many more women with HIV are exposed to nonintravenous drugs that potentially affect their quality of life and illness experience. This study sought to identify from the perspective of women factors that most influenced their ability to obtain treatment for their HIV infection and control their substance use. A focus group approach was used for data collection. Twenty-five HIV-infected women participated in one of four focus groups. Women were asked to identify and discuss their concerns and needs related to HIV/AIDS and substance use. Twenty-four women were African-American; one was white. All the women reside in South Carolina or North Carolina. Each focus group session was audiotaped and transcribed. Content analysis, following Krippendorff's (1980) methodology, was used to analyze the data. Five themes emerged: 1) AIDS as a life-altering event; 2) spirituality; 3) mental health issues; 4) barriers to health care services; and 5) environmental influences. It was concluded that the coexistence of HIV and substance abuse adds to the complexity of women's treatment needs. For these women, an HIV diagnosis can serve to alter their lives either positively or negatively. Dually diagnosed women have unique needs that require integration of physical and psychosocial interventions. These women may benefit from the services of psychiatric or mental health nurse practitioners who have the skills necessary to address the many psychosocial issues women face as well as provide physical treatment. Additionally, drug treatment services need to be expanded and made more comprehensive. Drug treatment programs need to be developed specifically for women, and these services need to be made accessible to poor women with substance abuse problems. Further, drug treatment programs need to provide comprehensive services that can appropriately integrate the treatment of HIV disease and substance abuse.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing management of anxiety in HIV infection.

Anxiety is a universal problem for individuals with AIDS because the disease creates uncertainty and disruptions in every aspect of their lives. Nurses have a wide variety of holistic interventions to help persons living with AIDS (PLWAs) manage anxiety. Orem's self-care theory of nursing provides a framework for assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating nursing care for an HIV-infected person experiencing anxiety. This article presents an overview of anxiety, the nature of anxiety in HIV-infected individuals, and psychological, pharmacological, and holistic interventions to assist the client in self-care of anxiety.

Anxiety↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Social service and case management needs of HIV-infected persons upon release from prison/jail.

This study sought to identify social service needs of HIV-infected persons at the time of release from prison/jail and to describe their case management experiences after release from prison/jail. Sixteen men and women who were infected with HIV, each with a history of incarceration, participated in one of three focus group sessions. Study participants consisted of 11 men and five women. The majority of the participants were African-American (81%), single (50%), and currently unemployed (69%). Qualitative analysis of the focus group transcripts revealed a total of 483 comments regarding a need for social or health services. These comments were further grouped into 13 categories of services or service-related issues that represented the range of the responses. Although participants described positive experiences with specific case managers, their overall evaluation of case management was negative. Identified social services needs and the descriptions of their experiences with case management provides insight as to how case management services can be improved for this population.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adult sickle cell patients' perceptions of nurses' caring behaviors.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a life-long, acutely painful, chronic illness. This study was conducted to explore differences in perceptions of nurses' caring behaviors between adults with SCD and adults with general medical conditions and the differences in perceptions of nurses' caring behaviors between men with SCD and women with SCD. Watson's (1988) Theory of Human Caring provided the conceptual framework. In this descriptive, correlational design, convenience sampling was used to obtain 29 adults with SCD and 34 adults with other medical conditions. The mean age for adults with SCD was 35.8, and on average they reported four hospitalizations per year. The mean age for the general medical patients was 48.9, and they averaged two hospitalizations per year. Instruments used in this study were a demographic data form and the Caring Behavior Assessment, modified for use in this study. The instruments were distributed through support groups using the snowball technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests. Participants with SCD reported lower satisfaction with nurses' caring behaviors than those with other medical conditions (t = 2.19, p = .03). Women with SCD reported lower satisfaction with nurses' caring behaviors than men with SCD (t = 2.91, p = .01).

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Case management at what expense? A case study of the emotional costs of case management.

Case management, which has its historical roots in community and public health, seeks to coordinate care, decrease costs, and promote access to appropriate levels of service. The case management system in this case study underscores the potential negative outcomes that can result from ignoring the holistic approach represented by an implemented case management system as a cost control mechanism. These negative outcomes not only include those expenditures of resources usually included when describing costs of care, but include those emotional costs of the system, patient, and care managers. Several needed system changes are identified and recommendations provided.

Case Management↗