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Biomedical subjects

K D MacRae

Publications and source records attributed to K D MacRae.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Characteristics of items in the Eysenck Personality Inventory which affect responses when students simulate.

A large sample of students completed Form A of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and four subgroups were later asked to simulate extraversion, introversion, neuroticism or stability. It was found that subjects could simulate these four personalities successfully. The changes in individual item responses were correlated with the items' factor loadings, validity, response bias, and detectability. The different scales and types of item were considered separately. In some cases the changes in item responses when simulating introversion and extraversion were related to the extraversion validities and factor loadings of the items. More often, however, the behaviour of items under simulation was correlated with aspects of the items that made them more like an item from another scale and thus lessened their susceptibility to a particular type of simulation.

Deception↗
PubMed1976

"Early" and "late" breast cancer: a unified concept for treatment.

Most women with "early" breast cancer have distant metastases by the time the primary growth comes to diagnosis. This observation is based upon the fact that these frequently appear despite successful removal of the primary growth, and given that they originate from the now no longer present tumour, the inescapable conclusion is that dissemination must have taken place prior to initial treatment. Failure to appreciate this rather obvious point results from shortcomings in available diagnostic technology, and inadequate usage of that which is available. Whether detected early or late, treatment of this disseminated cancer poses a common problem, and the various systemic methods are reviewed. Androgens, oestrogens, progestogens and single drug chemotherapy can, from time to time, produce useful results. By careful selection of patients with appropriate metastatic patterns, these methods may yield improved response rates up to 50% but, by and large, experience remains disappointing with across the board representative figures of perhaps 25% response being commonplace. Additionally, these methods are not without their side effects which can be distressing, and indeed on occasion life-threatening. Their short-comings have led to the development of cyclical combination chemotherapy as here reported. Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate are administered for five consecutive days per month. The results obtained in 100 patients treated with this technique are compared with the authors' previous experience with norethisterone acetate and hypophysectomy. Whether the results are considered in total or broken down into prognostic categories such as predominant metastatic pattern, disease-free interval, or age, combination chemotherapy has a clear advantage over other techniques. Whilst this experience does not constitute a randomised trial, it is considered that the results are so superior to previous treatment techniques as to render such a study unnecessary or even unethical. It is proposed that combination chemotherapy should constitute the first line of treatment for overt advanced breast cancer. It is further proposed that its role should be explored at an earlier stage in the treatment of breast cancer. Before this can take place however, treatment must be made less demanding and less toxic. Further research is underway with these aims in mind.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Predictive value of perioperative gastric acid tests.

Preoperative acid studies and early postoperative insulin tests in 275 patients undergoing various forms of vagotomy have been related to recurrent ulceration. Follow-up time has been from two to nine years, mean 4-3 years. Recurrence is directly related to basal acidity in both tests but is not related to stimulated acid levels preoperatively. In the insulin tests higher levels of acidity after insulin are associated with a higher incidence of recurrence. When positive, Hollander's and multiple criteria are both associated with a higher recurrence rate.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of 5-day, 1-day, and 2-day cyclical combination chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer.

The results of 5-day cyclical combined chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer were compared in two trials with the less demanding 1-day and 2-day regimens. At all stages, except at 3 months, 5-day treatment was significantly more successful in providing regression and remission of tumours than the 1-day regimen. However, although the differences are not statistically significant, data from the second trial indicated that the 2-day regimen tended to be more effective than the 5-day regimen. The lower 95% confidence limit for the success of the 2-day treatment was 56.2% at 3 months.

Antineoplastic Agents↗