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Biomedical subjects

K D Grosser

Publications and source records attributed to K D Grosser.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and urokinase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the German Activator Urokinase Study (GAUS).

The effects of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and urokinase on patency and early reocclusion of infarct-related coronary arteries were investigated in a single blind, randomized multicenter trial in 246 patients with acute myocardial infarction of less than 6 h duration. Both 70 mg of single chain rt-PA with an initial bolus of 10 mg and 3 million units of urokinase with an initial bolus of 1.5 million units were given intravenously over 90 min. The first angiographic study at the end of the infusion revealed a patent infarct-related artery (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial [TIMI] grade 2 or 3) in 69.4% of 121 patients given rt-PA versus 65.8% of 117 patients given urokinase (p = NS). Among patients treated within 3 h from symptom onset a patent infarct-related artery was found in 63.9% of 72 patients given rt-PA versus 70% of 70 patients given urokinase (p = NS). There were five cardiac deaths in each group and one fatal intracranial hemorrhage in the rt-PA group. The in-hospital reinfarction rate was 8.9% versus 13.2% for patients treated with rt-PA and urokinase, respectively. There was no difference in left ventricular function at baseline and follow-up catheterization studies. Both drugs were well tolerated and there was no significant difference in cardiovascular or bleeding complications between the two groups. It is concluded that rt-PA and urokinase in the dosages used provide similar efficacy and safety in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Reocclusion during the first 24 h may be less frequent after urokinase treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies with nitrendipine, nifedipine, and clonidine: effect on blood pressure and heart rate.

Nitrendipine is a new calcium antagonist of the 1,4-dihydropyridine group with strong vasodilating properties. In a randomized trial involving 45 patients, whose mean blood pressure was 236 +/- 24/129 +/- 21 mm Hg, 5 mg nitrendipine (given sublingually via a phiole) was compared with 20 mg nifedipine (given sublingually via two pierced 10-mg capsules) and 0.15 mg clonidine (given intravenously). Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed for 8 h after intake of the antihypertensive agents. Within 60 min, nitrendipine reduced blood pressure by an average of 78 +/- 17 mm Hg for the systolic and 42 +/- 12 mm Hg for the diastolic. Heart rate fell significantly from 106 +/- 17 to 87 +/- 11 beats/min. Nifedipine produced equivalent falls in systolic (-72 +/- 15 mm Hg) and diastolic (-41 +/- 11 mm Hg) blood pressure, but increased heart rate from 89 +/- 13 to 103 +/- 14 beats/min within 1 h. Intravenous administration of clonidine lowers systolic (-84 +/- 13 mm Hg) and diastolic (-35 +/- 10 mm Hg) blood pressure within 60 min. Heart rate decreased from 96 +/- 15 to 84 +/- 9 beats/min. The antihypertensive effect of each drug was maintained until 8 h after medication. Main side effects were observed in the nifedipine group (flush and reflex tachycardia) and in the clonidine group (dry mouth and drowsiness). In conclusion, nitrendipine, nifedipine, and clonidine show similar efficacy in the treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. However, sublingual application of the calcium antagonists is simple and safe; moreover, nitrendipine is better tolerated than nifedipine and clonidine.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1988

[Intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and urokinase in acute myocardial infarct: intermediate results of the G.A.U.S. study (German Activator Urokinase Study)].

The effects of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and urokinase on patency and early reocclusion of infarct-related coronary arteries were investigated in a single blind, randomised multicenter trial in up to now 125 patients with acute myocardial infarction of less than six hours duration. Both, 70 mg of single-chain rt-PA with an initial bolus of 10 mg, and 3 million U of urokinase with an initial bolus of 1,5 million U were given intravenously over 90 minutes. The first angiogram at the end of the infusion revealed a patent infarct-related artery (TIMI grade 2 or 3) in 68% of 62 patients with rt-PA vs. 63% of 63 patients with urokinase (n.s.). Twenty-four hours later patent infarct-related arteries occurred in the same frequency in the rt-PA group and in the urokinase group (71.5% vs. 74.6%, n.s.), although additional recanalisation procedures in sequence with the first angiography were performed more frequent in the rt-PA group. There were two cardiac deaths in either group. In-hospital reinfarction rate was 9.7% vs. 17.5% for patients treated with rt-PA and urokinase, respectively. Both drugs were well tolerated, no significant difference of cardiovascular or bleeding complications could be observed between the two groups. It is concluded that rt-PA and urokinase in the dosages used provide similar efficiency and safety in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Treatment of cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (author's transl)].

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) was used in 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, after four hours of drug treatment. In all instances the abnormal haemodynamic state had been demonstrated. Four patients were successfully treated and finally discharged home. In two with post-infarction ventricular septal defect and cardiogenic shock, IABP also successfully reversed the shock state, while in seven the shock state was reversed but they died 2-8 days after IABP had been stopped. IABP failed in seven patients who died during its application. In those in whom IABP failed there had been no significant fall in pulmonary-artery pressure and no significant increase in stroke volume. The post-mortem examinations demonstrated that cardiogenic shock was irreversible where more than 50% of the left ventricular myocardium had been infarcted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the lung and cardiopulmonary shock as initial findings in gastric cancer (author's transl)].

A case is reported of a 34 year old woman, who was hospitalized because of cardiopulmonary shock of sudden unsuspected onset. X-ray examination revealed diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltration. Intra-aortal counter-pulsation did improve the condition only for short time. On autopsy an adenocarcinoma of the stomach was found, as well as diffuse carcinomatous infiltration of pulmonary lymph and arterial vessels. Thus lymphangiosis carcinomatosa has to be taken into consideration in discussing the differential diagnosis of diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltration in young patients. The presence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia may help to establish the diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

[Left atrial lead and stimulation in wpw-syndrome type A (author's transl)].

Normal and accessory A-V conduction were analyzed by His bundle recordings in a 49-year-old patient with WPW-syndrome type A. An open foramen ovale permitted registration of left atrial potentials as well as left atrial pacing. The effects of the pacemaker site (left or right atrial pacing) on the electrocardiographic variability of pre-excitation were studied. The effective refractory period of the accessory A-V conduction was shown to be dependent on the site of pacing. Recordings of right and left atrial potentials during runs of supraventricular tachycardia demonstrated that V-A conduction occurred via the accessory pathway.

Action Potentials↗