Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K D Allen

Publications and source records attributed to K D Allen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Muscle satellite cells from dystrophic (mdx) mice have elevated levels of heparan sulphate proteoglycan receptors for fibroblast growth factor.

Skeletal muscle has the remarkable capacity to regenerate new muscle fibres in the event of injury or disease. This capacity lies in the satellite cells, which are myogenic stem cells residing in adult muscle. While the signals that activate satellite cells to divide in vivo are not fully understood, satellite cells grown in culture respond to the mitogenic action of fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Satellite cells from the dystrophic mdx mouse are more sensitive to FGF in culture than satellite cells from normal mice. In this study we investigated the basis for this heightened sensitivity of mdx satellite cells to FGF by measuring the number and affinity of protein and heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors for FGF. We found that HSPG receptors were elevated over four-fold in the mdx cells compared with cells from normal animals. We supported this observation by measuring the synthesis of heparan sulphate (HS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) by satellite cells in culture. Mdx satellite cells synthesized approximately ten times more of these sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) than did normal cells. For muscle fibroblasts, however, we found no significant difference in the number or affinity of protein or HSPG receptors, or in the amount of sulphated GAGs synthesized, between normal and mdx cells. We propose that the increase in FGF HSPG receptors is the basis for the heightened response of mdx satellite cells to FGF in culture and may reflect exposure of the cells to growth factors in the degenerating mdx muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Staff carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA 15) and the home environment: a case report.

A case of refractory carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by a nurse is described. The nurse's home environment was widely contaminated with MRSA and two family members acquired the organism. Relapse of carriage after routine anti-staphylococcal measures and three negative sets of screening specimens resulted in a hospital outbreak involving three patients. The problem was finally terminated after a co-ordinated commercial cleaning of the house, thermal disinfection of all linen and replacement of some soft furnishings.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1997

Enhanced performance feedback to strengthen biofeedback treatment outcome with childhood migraine.

Recent research has indicated that both the magnitude and frequency of performance feedback may be important variables in the biofeedback treatment of headaches. The purpose of this research was to determine whether the qualitative and/or quantitative enhancement of performance feedback could improve the efficacy of thermal biofeedback as a treatment for childhood migraine. In a time-lagged control design, six children with migraine headaches were exposed to thermal biofeedback training and then provided performance feedback reflecting moderate and high success, and, if needed, increased feedback frequency. In four of six subjects, clinically significant reductions in headache activity corresponded directly with the addition of feedback suggesting marked improvement in handwarming relative to peers, even when no improvement in handwarming had actually occurred. In two other subjects, clinically significant changes in headache activity were reported only after performance feedback frequency was increased. The results support the importance of attending to both qualitative and quantitative parameters of feedback as well as skill acquisition during thermal biofeedback treatment of children with migraine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Defining child noncompliance: an examination of temporal parameters.

This study examined compliance parameters for 53 clinic-referred and nonreferred children, ages 2 to 10 years. Although there were significant differences between the referred and nonreferred samples for percentage compliance, there were no significant differences between the referred and nonreferred samples in terms of initiation or completion latencies. The average initiation latency was 5.92 s, whereas 98% of the sample initiated compliance within 14 s. Younger children did take longer to complete tasks. Results suggest that the use of short latencies in defining noncompliance may represent overly conservative criteria.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of CHROMagar Candida medium for the isolation and direct identification of yeast species from the female genital tract.

The performance and cost-effectiveness of CHROMagar Candida in the isolation and identification of Candida species from female genital tract specimens were investigated. Eight hundred and forty-three specimens were inoculated in parallel onto malt extract agar and CHROMagar Candida. Yeasts isolated on CHROMagar were provisionally identified by morphology and pigmentation. Those isolated on malt extract agar were further identified by a germ tube test, and negative isolates were identified biochemically. A cost comparison was performed, detailing labour and material costs. Of 119 yeast isolates, seven were detected only on CHROMagar. Mixed Candida spp. from three specimens were only differentiated on CHROMagar. There was a 100% correlation between the results of the germ tube test and provisional identity on CHROMagar. CHROMagar Candida facilitated the presumptive identification of yeast isolates from the female genital tract, and the detection of mixed populations. The cost of the media was higher than malt extract agar and germ tube testing, but the rapid identification of isolates to species level and ease of use may be of sufficient advantage to justify the extra cost.

Candida↗
PubMed1996

Sucrose as an analgesic agent for infants during immunization injections.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of sucrose as an analgesic agent during routine immunization injections for infants (age range, 2 weeks to 18 months). STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized control trial. SETTING: Ambulatory care clinic of a large tertiary care center. PARTICIPANTS: A consecutive sample of 285 infants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. INTERVENTION: Subjects received either no intervention or drank 2 mL of sterile water or 2 mL or a 12% sucrose solution 2 minutes before administration of the immunization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Infants were videotaped during immunization for later interval recording of pain-induced vocalizations. RESULTS: Results were analyzed by using two-way repeated measure analyses of variance. Two-week-old infants who received either the sterile water or sucrose solution cried significantly less than infants who received no intervention (F=5.92,P<.005). For older infants, those who received water or sucrose cried significantly less only if they were administered one injection rather than two injections (F=3.36,P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found that when infants drank sucrose or sterile water, significantly fewer pain vocalizations were produced, but only for 2-week-old infants. For older infants, differences were found only when the number of injections was included in the analysis. We expand on previous findings by demonstrating that both the age of the child and the number of painful exposures can attenuate calming effects. In addition, the results suggest that in the absence of nonnutritive sucking, the actual analgesic effects of sucrose may be nonspecific. Further study is needed of the possible analgesic effects of sucrose.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Holy water--a risk factor for hospital-acquired infection.

A case of hospital-acquired infection due to Acinetobacter baumanii in a burns patient after exposure to holy water is described. In order to assess the infection risk, 13 samples of holy water were cultured for bacteria, (including legionellae) and yeasts. Viable bacterial counts ranged from 1 center dot 3 x 10(3)-3 center dot 8 x 10(8) cfu/L (mean 3 center dot 1 x 10(7) cfu/L). A wide range of bacterial species was isolated including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. Candida spp. were isolated from two samples, but legionellae from none. Holy water would, therefore, seem to be a potential risk factor for hospital-acquired infection.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1995

Capsular serotypes and antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from primary-school children.

A total of 1049 primary-school children in 18 schools were screened for carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Data on family size, antibiotic use, travel and hospital admissions were collected. Pneumococcal serotyping and sensitivity tests were performed. One third of children were found to be pneumococcal carriers. Ten of 344 isolates were penicillin-resistant (2.9%). Apart from resistance to trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin, resistance rates in penicillin-sensitive strains were low. Among penicillin-resistant strains (PRP), co-resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and tetracycline was common. Cefotaxime-resistance was seen in 90% of PRP. Although 24 serotypes were represented, groups 6, 19 and 23 accounted for 55% of strains. Serogroup 23 strains were significantly more likely to be penicillin-resistant than other groups/types. Clustering of strains by serotype and antibiotic resistance was seen in several schools. No association with foreign travel, family size or age of siblings was seen and penicillin resistance was not associated with prior antibiotic use. However, hospital admission was significantly associated with carriage of PRP. The implications of detecting PRP in the community are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Behavioral management of children's seizure activity. Intervention guidelines for primary-care providers.

We present behavioral treatment guidelines, based on empirically established behavioral interventions, for pediatric paroxysmal disorders. The guidelines include affirming the disability and normalizing the role of the environment; teaching the child anticonvulsant coping behaviors; giving caregivers guidelines to encourage independent functioning; and involving teachers and other supervising adults in treatment. The guidelines were developed for economic feasibility, time efficiency, and easy execution in any primary-care clinic. A patient report demonstrates significant reduction in drug-refractory seizures in an 11-year-old girl by implementing the guidelines. Discussion is provided on effective implementation of the behavioral guidelines in the primary-care clinic.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Differential diagnosis: a case study.

Health care professionals who care for neonates must be able to recognize early signs/symptoms that suggest acute illness. Such early recognition and appropriate management may improve outcome. This article presents a case study and permits the reader to evaluate data and make decisions about diagnoses and treatment. Current research-based approaches to management are also discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

'Grippers' shoes: can they be reused?

'Grippers' footwear has been recommended for patients with painful or bandaged feet. In order to reduce costs, reuse between patients may be considered. The manufacturer's proposed washing instructions were evaluated. Thermal disinfection was not achieved with the 40 degrees C wash cycle recommended. Higher temperatures resulted in shrinkage and deformation of the shoes. We recommend that these shoes are not reused or that alternative methods of disinfection are employed.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1994

Hexachlorophane powder and neonatal staphylococcal infection.

An outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus infections occurred following discontinuation of antiseptic cord care on a neonatal unit. Multiple phage types were involved. The most common site of infection was the umbilicus. In addition, there were two clusters of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection and one due to Streptococcus pyogenes. The outbreak was rapidly controlled by the reintroduction of hexachlorophane powder for cord care.

Disease Outbreaks↗